A 9-year follow-up study on vital capacity of 3 197 students in Tongzhou district
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摘要:
目的 了解通州区学生肺活量动态变化规律及趋势, 为制定针对性的体育锻炼干预措施提供数据支持。 方法 在2011—2019学度通州区学生常规体检数据中, 按照城区、乡镇学生人数比例选取有完整体检信息的3 197名学生9年体检数据, 使用SPSS 17.0对肺活量等筛查数据进行统计分析。 结果 学生的肺活量均值随年级的增加而增加, 除二至五年级和初二、初三年级外, 城区学生肺活量均值均高于乡镇学生(t值分别为11.06, 2.63, 4.44, P值均＜0.05);男生肺活量均值在各年级均高于女生(P值均＜0.05), 男、女生在五年级和初三阶段肺活量呈两次快速增长, 男生两阶段增长幅度较女生大, 分别为277.21和400.20 mL; 肺活量均值表现为肥胖＞超重＞正常体重＞营养不良(P值均＜0.05);女生肺活量评价优秀率在三至初二年级均高于男生(P值均＜0.05);除一、二年级外, 其他年级时肺活量评价优秀率肥胖＞超重＞正常体重＞营养不良; 除三年级阶段差异无统计学意义外, 男生不及格率均高于女生(P值均＜0.05);五年级至初三阶段不及格率均为营养不良＞正常体重＞超重＞肥胖(P值均＜0.05)。不同组别中, 一年级和初一阶段是不及格率的两个波峰, 基本呈先降后升再降的趋势。 结论 通州区学生肺活量水平处于较低水平。学校、家庭和社会应重点关注学生肺活量水平, 针对男生和非正常体重学生增加相关身体功能锻炼应成为增强学生身体素质的重点工作之一。 Abstract:Objective To understand the dynamic change rule and trend of the vital capacity of students in Tongzhou district, and to provide data support for the development of targeted physical exercise intervention mode. Methods According to the routine physical examination data of students in Tongzhou District in the academic year 2011-2019, the physical examination data of 3 197 students with complete physical examination information were selected according to the proportion of students in urban areas and towns and gender differences. SPSS 17.0 was used for statistical analysis of the screening data. Results The mean vital capacity of 3 197 students increased with the increase of grades. Except for grade 2 to grade 5 of primary school and grade 2 to grade 3 of junior high school, the mean vital capacity of urban students was higher than that of rural students (P < 0.05). The mean vital capacity of male students was higher than that of female students in all grades (P < 0.05). The vital capacity of male students and female students increased rapidly twice in grade 5 of primary school and grade 3 of junior high school(P < 0.05), the growth rate of male students in two stages was larger than that of female students, the increase rates were 277.21 and 400.20 mL. The mean vital capacity was shown in this way: obese>overweight>normal weight>malnutrition (P < 0.05). The excellent rate of vital capacity evaluation in girls was higher than that in boys from grade 3 of primary school to grade 2 of junior middle school (P < 0.05). Except for grade 1 and 2 of primary school, the excellent rate of vital capacity evaluation in other grades was found as follows: obese > overweight > normal weight > malnutrition. The failure rate of boys was higher than that of girls (P < 0.05), except grade 3 of primary school. The failure rate from grade 5 to grade 3 showed the trend: malnutrition > normal weight > overweight > obesity (P < 0.05). In different groups, the failure rate of grade 1 of primary school and grade 1 of junior high school were the two peaks, which basically showed a decreasing trend followed by decreasing one. Conclusion The level of vital capacity of students in Tongzhou District is relatively low, so the school, family and society should focus on students' vital capacity level. It should be one of the key tasks to enhance the physical quality of the students to increase the vital capacity of the boys and the students with abnormal weight. -
Key words:
- Vital capacity /
- Growth and development /
- Students /
- Nutritional status
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表 1 通州区不同组别学生肺活量均值9年变化比较(x±s，mL)
Table 1. Comparison of 9-year changes of mean lung capacity among different groups of students in Tongzhou District(x±s, mL)
组别 选项 统计值 一年级 二年级 三年级 四年级 五年级 地域 城区 732.85±142.91 915.06±140.62 1 165.19±201.20 1 421.23±270.37 1 695.49±376.49 乡镇 668.25±183.21 924.75±169.78 1 168.03±247.06 1 420.67±321.89 1 672.20±382.14 t值 11.06 -1.73 -0.35 0.05 1.60 P值 ＜0.01 0.08 0.72 0.96 0.11 性别 男 719.76±184.92 959.46±176.56 1 223.73±242.68 1 497.92±323.89 1 775.13±396.55 女 663.36±154.22 883.02±130.61 1 110.25±204.69 1 343.78±261.54 1 586.96±337.74 t值 9.37 13.91 14.29 14.80 14.44 P值 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 营养状况 正常体重 679.06±168.52 907.51±147.53 1 143.19±214.82 1 375.53±270.01 1 611.28±328.15 营养不良 680.78±139.28 874.57±129.43 1 090.19±185.88 1 292.51±208.84 1 511.66±277.40 超重 714.63±195.74 932.29±174.06 1 187.44±227.73 1 453.47±297.37 1 749.13±390.24 肥胖 736.47±195.38 977.27±183.24 1 249.31±265.82 1 538.14±358.33 1 848.18±440.13 F值 16.91 39.74 51.37 72.00 96.65 P值 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 组别 选项 统计值 六年级 初一 初二 初三 地域 城区 1 884.03±447.68 2 084.56±607.80 2 314.68±649.22 2 628.19±673.39 乡镇 1 839.20±471.64 1 986.88±591.22 2 278.73±626.05 2 586.30±664.37 t值 2.63 4.44 1.54 1.70 P值 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 0.12 0.09 性别 男 1 984.02±483.08 2 196.26±637.35 2 550.65±659.84 2 950.85±661.31 女 1 726.66±404.22 1 847.91±500.85 2 032.60±485.87 2 251.79±458.68 t值 16.34 17.18 25.28 34.73 P值 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 营养状况 正常体重 1 758.82±404.45 1 908.56±520.67 2 171.15±566.13 2 466.84±595.77 营养不良 1 668.94±424.30 1 686.20±458.74 1 982.03±512.27 2 272.09±501.56 超重 1 918.71±447.25 2 134.37±607.83 2 376.73±635.82 2 703.25±660.35 肥胖 2 080.43±520.82 2 287.48±682.41 2 662.06±693.11 3 005.54±729.17 F值 105.71 98.16 117.49 130.53 P值 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 
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表 2 通州区不同地域与性别学生肺活量优秀检出率9年动态变化比较
Table 2. Comparison of 9-year dynamic change of excellent detection rate of vital capacity in students of different regions and sexes in Tongzhou District
组别 选项 人数 统计值 一年级 二年级 三年级 四年级 五年级 六年级 初一 初二 初三 地域 城区 1 154 7(0.61) 3(0.26) 15(1.30) 40(3.47) 91(7.89) 86(7.45) 102(8.84) 79(6.85) 94(8.15) 乡镇 2 043 16(0.78) 9(0.44) 38(1.86) 91(4.45) 127(6.22) 148(7.24) 129(6.31) 126(6.17) 145(7.10) χ2值 0.32 0.25 1.42 1.83 3.23 0.05 7.01 0.57 1.17 P值 0.57 0.62 0.23 0.18 0.07 0.83 ＜0.01 0.45 0.28 性别 男 1 599 12(0.75) 5(0.31) 16(1.00) 24(1.50) 50(3.13) 70(4.38) 83(5.19) 86(5.38) 117(7.32) 女 1 598 11(0.69) 7(0.44) 37(2.32) 107(6.70) 168(10.51) 164(10.26) 148(9.26) 119(7.45) 122(7.63) χ2值 0.01 0.08 7.69 53.58 67.47 39.94 19.16 5.36 0.08 P值 1.00 0.77 0.01 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 0.02 0.78 注： ()内数字为优秀检出率/%。
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表 3 通州区不同营养状况学生肺活量优秀检出率9年动态变化比较
Table 3. Comparison of 9-year dynamic changes of excellent detection rate of vital capacity among students with different nutritional status in Tongzhou District
营养状况 一年级 二年级 三年级 四年级 五年级 人数 检出人数 人数 检出人数 人数 检出人数 人数 检出人数 人数 检出人数 营养不良 545 0 272 0 314 1(0.32) 228 0 238 1(0.42) 正常体重 1 847 10(0.54) 1 912 2(0.10) 1 790 17(0.95) 1 732 46(2.66) 1 708 88(5.15) 超重 328 7(2.13) 395 4(1.01) 375 7(1.87) 440 22(5.00) 500 35(7.00) 肥胖 477 6(1.26) 618 6(0.97) 718 28(3.90) 797 63(7.90) 751 94(12.52) χ2值 9.25 12.64 25.19 36.08 41.73 P值 0.01 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 营养状况 六年级 初一 初二 初三 人数 检出人数 人数 检出人数 人数 检出人数 人数 检出人数 营养不良 188 3(1.60) 150 0 157 2(1.27) 171 0 正常体重 1 717 83(4.83) 1 772 91(5.14) 1 848 67(3.63) 1 831 79(4.31) 超重 556 42(7.55) 566 47(8.30) 596 50(8.39) 596 56(9.40) 肥胖 736 106(14.40) 709 93(13.12) 596 86(14.43) 599 104(17.36) χ2值 66.56 46.56 87.90 107.92 P值 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 注： ()内数字为优秀检出率/%；营养不良因人数过少，不参与比较。
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表 4 通州区不同组别学生肺活量不及格检出率9年动态变化比较
Table 4. Comparison of 9-year dynamic change of excellent detection rate of vital capacity among different groups of students in Tongzhou District
组别 选项 人数 统计值 一年级 二年级 三年级 四年级 五年级 六年级 初一 初二 初三 地域 城区 1 154 253(21.92) 54(4.68) 37(3.21) 21(1.82) 21(1.82) 82(7.11) 188(16.29) 167(14.47) 127(11.01) 乡镇 2 043 863(42.24) 129(6.31) 56(2.74) 66(3.23) 65(3.18) 184(9.01) 377(18.45) 285(13.95) 206(10.08) χ2值 133.98 3.65 0.57 5.54 5.23 3.49 2.37 0.17 0.67 P值 ＜0.01 0.06 0.45 0.02 0.02 0.06 0.12 0.68 0.41 性别 男 1 599 678(42.40) 124(7.75) 52(3.25) 71(4.44) 68(4.25) 171(10.69) 316(19.76) 287(17.95) 232(14.51) 女 1 598 438(27.41) 59(3.69) 41(2.57) 16(1.00) 18(1.13) 95(5.94) 249(15.58) 165(10.33) 101(6.32) χ2值 78.40 23.70 1.10 34.42 28.66 23.02 9.32 37.64 56.56 P值 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 0.29 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 < 0.01 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 注： ()内数字为不及格检出率/%。
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表 5 通州区不同营养状况学生肺活量不及格检出率9年动态变化比较
Table 5. Comparison of 9-year dynamic changes of failure rate of vital capacity among students with different nutritional status in Tongzhou District
营养状况 一年级 二年级 三年级 四年级 五年级 人数 检出人数 人数 检出人数 人数 检出人数 人数 检出人数 人数 检出人数 营养不良 545 194(35.60) 272 26(9.56) 314 13(4.14) 228 7(3.07) 238 12(5.04) 正常体重 1 847 673(36.44) 1 912 108(5.65) 1 790 59(3.30) 1 732 50(2.89) 1 708 53(3.10) 超重 328 107(32.62) 395 21(5.32) 375 5(1.33) 440 13(2.95) 500 12(2.40) 肥胖 477 142(29.77) 618 28(4.53) 718 16(2.23) 797 17(2.13) 751 9(1.20) χ2值 8.45 8.13 7.80 1.49 13.27 P值 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.69 ＜0.01 营养状况 六年级 初一 初二 初三 人数 检出人数 人数 检出人数 人数 检出人数 人数 检出人数 营养不良 188 34(18.09) 150 55(36.67) 157 52(33.12) 171 44(25.73) 正常体重 1 717 161(9.38) 1 772 356(20.09) 1 848 295(15.96) 1 831 214(11.69) 超重 556 39(7.01) 566 78(13.78) 596 72(12.08) 596 47(7.89) 肥胖 736 32(4.35) 709 76(10.72) 596 33(5.54) 599 28(4.67) χ2值 40.02 70.26 88.76 65.53 P值 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 注： ()内数字为不及格检出率/%。
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