广州市中学生脊柱侧弯现状及影响因素分析

孙艺; 刘伟佳; 熊莉华; 李梦; 陈思宇; 何蔚云; 吴德平; 林蓉

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.12.026

广州市中学生脊柱侧弯现状及影响因素分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.12.026

1.
广东省广州市疾病预防控制中心学校卫生部，510440
2.
广东省疾病预防控制中心环境与学校卫生所
3.
广州市疾病预防控制中心主任室

基金项目:

广东省医学科学技术研究基金项目 A2020592

详细信息

作者简介:
孙艺(1990-)，女，辽宁省人，硕士，主管医师，主要研究方向为学生常见病防治

通讯作者:
林蓉，E-mail: linr@gz.gov.cn

中图分类号: R179 G478 R726.8
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-03-22
- 修回日期: 2021-05-21
- 网络出版日期: 2021-12-23
- 刊出日期: 2021-12-25

Scoliosis and associated factors among middle school students in Guangzhou City

1.
Department of School Health, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou (510440), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解广州市中学生脊柱侧弯现状及影响因素，为制定脊柱侧弯行为干预措施提供依据。方法采取分层整群随机抽样方法，抽取广州市城郊共8所中学2 121名中学生开展脊柱侧弯筛查和问卷调查。结果广州市中学生脊柱侧弯检出率为8.20%，女生(9.50%)高于男生(7.00%)，城区(10.45%)高于郊区(4.77%)，高中生(10.08%)高于初中生(6.39%)，差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为4.40，21.76，9.54，P值均＜0.05)。检出阳性的174名中学生中，胸段侧弯最多(65例)，右凸略多于左凸，中度侧弯女生明显多于男生。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，城区(OR=2.56，95%CI=1.71~3.82)、每天使用移动电子设备时间≥3 h(OR=1.59，95%CI=1.12~2.27)、近距离用眼≥1 h休息一次(OR=1.40，95%CI=1.00~1.95)、每天户外活动时间＜2 h(OR=1.82，95%CI=1.24~2.67)的中学生脊柱侧弯检出率较高(P值均 < 0.05)。结论广州市中学生脊柱侧弯检出率较高，与地区、每天使用移动电子设备时间、近距离持续用眼时间、每天户外活动时间有关，应加强脊柱健康知识宣教。
- 脊柱侧凸 /
- 患病率 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To investigate the general situation of scoliosis and influencing factors among middle school students in Guangzhou, so as to provide evidence for behavioral intervention measures. Methods By stratified cluster random sampling method, 2 121 students from 8 middle schools of Guangzhou were selected to conduct questionnaire survey and physical examination. Results The detection rate of scoliosis among middle school students in Guangzhou was 8.20%, girls (9.50%) > boys (7.00%), urban area (10.45%) > suburb area (4.77%), senior high school (10.08%) > junior school (6.39%) (P < 0.05). Among the most of the 174 positive students were found to have large thoracic curve, right lateral bending, being girls with medium scoliosis. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that students in urban area (OR=2.56, 95%CI=1.71-3.82), with mobile electronic devices usage time≥3 h/d(OR=1.59, 95%CI=1.12-2.27), prolonged near vision work ≥1 h (OR=1.40, 95%CI=1.00-1.95), outdoor activity time < 2 h/d(OR=1.82, 95%CI=1.24-2.67) had a higher detection rate of scoliosis (P < 0.05). Conclusion The detection rate of scoliosis among middle school students in Guangzhou is much higher, which might be related to district, mobile electronic devices usage, prolonged near vision work and insufficient outdoor activity. Health education regarding spinal knowledge should be strengthened.
- Scoliosis /
- Prevalence /
- Regression analysis /
- Students

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表 1 不同组别中学生脊柱侧弯检出率

Table 1. The detection rates of scoliosis among middle school students in different groups

组别	选项	初中		高中		合计
组别	选项	人数	检出人数	人数	检出人数	人数	检出人数
性别	男	550	23(4.14)	550	54(9.82)	1 100	77(7.00)
	女	529	46(8.70)	492	51(10.37)	1 021	97(9.50)
地区	郊区	548	20(3.65)	291	20(6.87)	839	105(4.77)
	城区	531	49(9.23)	751	85(11.32)	1 282	134(10.45)
合计		1 079	69(6.39)	1 042	105(10.08)	2 121	174(8.20)
注： ()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 2 不同组别中学生脊柱侧弯检出率比较

Table 2. Univariate analysis of the detection rates of scoliosis among middle school students in different groups

组别	人数	脊柱侧弯人数	χ²值	P值
每周每天至少1 h中高强度运动天数/d
0	260	33(12.69)	7.58	< 0.01
≥1	1 840	141(7.66)
课桌椅高度根据身高进行调整
≤1次/学年	1 472	120(8.15)	0.08	0.78
≥1次/学期	634	54(8.52)
读写姿势
良好	2 051	165(8.04)	2.08	0.15
较差	70	9(12.86)
每天用移动电子设备时间/h
＜3	1 352	99(7.32)	4.49	< 0.05
≥3	632	64(10.12)
躺着或趴着看书/电子屏幕
否	1 636	124(7.58)	4.01	< 0.05
是	479	50(10.44)
近距离用眼多久休息1次/h
＜1	1 189	81(6.81)	6.60	< 0.05
≥1	930	92(9.89)
每天白天户外活动时间/h
＜2	1 349	128(9.49)	8.12	< 0.01
≥2	772	46(5.96)
每天静坐累计时间/h
＜10	1 163	80(6.88)	5.25	< 0.05
≥10	879	85(9.67)
消瘦
否	1 906	150(7.88)	2.78	0.09
是	215	24(11.16)
注： ()内数字为检出率/%；部分变量有缺失值。

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表 3 中学生脊柱侧弯影响因素的多因素Logistic回归分析(n=2 121)

Table 3. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of associated factors for scoliosis in middle school students (n=2 121)

自变量	选项	β值	标准误	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值(OR值95%CI)
地区	郊区					1.00
	城区	0.94	0.21	20.93	< 0.01	2.56(1.71~3.82)
每天用移动电子设备时间/h	＜3					1.00
	≥3	0.47	0.18	6.54	< 0.05	1.59(1.12~2.27)
近距离用眼多久休息1次/h	＜1					1.00
	≥1	0.33	0.17	3.84	0.05	1.40(1.00~1.95)
每天白天户外活动时间/h	≥2					1.00
	＜2	0.60	0.20	9.22	< 0.01	1.82(1.24~2.67)

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