Physical activity level in physical education class of elementary school in Xi'an
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摘要:
目的 测量小学体育课身体活动水平以及不同性别、身体质量指数(BMI)和不同年级学生体育课身体活动特征，为小学体育课身体活动促进提供参考。 方法 用ActiGraphGT3X对西安市某高校附属小学一、二、四年级的60名学生在3节体育课上的身体活动进行测量，依据最新体质测试成绩中的身高、体重计算BMI，并根据《国家学生体质健康标准》小学不同年级的标准划分体重状态，采用独立样本t检验和方差分析探索身体活动差异。 结果 小学体育课中高强度身体活动(MVPA)比例为21.9%(8.8 min)。男、女生体育课MVPA时间差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)；正常体重学生体育课MVPA比例和步数分别为25.4%和(1 247.0±326.3)步，高于偏轻体重学生，但与超重学生差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)；二年级男、女生体育课MVPA比例分别为27.0%和26.4%，均高于一年级，但与四年级相比差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。 结论 小学体育课中高强度身体活动比例较低。建议在小学体育教师培训中，重视提高教师的身体活动促进意识，切实提高小学体育课中高强度身体活动比例。 Abstract:Objective To assess physical activity level and characteristics in elementary physical education (P.E.) class among different weight status and grades students. Methods ActiGraphGT3X was used to measure physical activity of 60 students in grade 1, 2, and 4 during three P.E. classes. BMI was calculated according to the student's height and weight in the latest physical fitness test results, and the weight status was divided according to the national Physical Fitness Standards for Students in different grades of elementary schools. Independent sample t test and analysis of variance were used to explore the difference of physical activity. Results The proportion of moderate-to-high intensity physical activity (MVPA) in elementary school P.E. class was 21.9% (8.8 min). The proportion of MVPA in P.E. classes and the number of steps in normal weight students were 25.4% and (1 247.0±326.3), respectively, which were significantly higher than those of underweight students, but not significantly different from those of overweight students. The MVPA of male and female PE classes in the second grade (27.0%, 26.4%) was significantly higher than that in the first grade, but there was no significant difference compared with that in the fourth grade (P > 0.05). Conclusion Moderate-to-high intensity physical activity is low in P.E. class in elementary school. Improving teachers' awareness of promoting physical activity in PE class will benefit the MVPA in students. -
Key words:
- Physical education and training /
- Curriculum /
- Body mass index /
- Students
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表 1 不同性别不同BMI小学生身体活动水平分布(x±s)
Table 1. Distribution of physical activity level of different sex and BMI primary school students(x±s)
组别 选项 人数 MVPA LPA SB 性别 男 31 21.1±8.1 47.1±14.9 28.6±14.4 女 29 22.8±7.6 45.2±9.3 31.7±8.6 BMI 正常 21 25.4±6.6 44.4±11.8 30.2±13.9 偏轻 26 19.8±7.7 46.3±13.2 30.9±10.6 超重 3 18.3±3.4 52.6±6.6 29.0±5.7 
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表 2 不同性别不同BMI小学生体育课身体活动时间和占步数比较(x±s)
Table 2. Physical activity for different sex and BMI during PE times and number of steps(x±s)
性别与BMI 选项 人数 统计值 MVPA/min LPA/min SB/min 步数 性别 男 31 8.4±3.2 18.9±6.0 11.4±5.8 1 423.7±381.1 女 29 9.1±3.0 18.1±3.7 12.7±3.5 1 306.8±289.4 t值 -0.84 0.59 -0.99 1.33 P值 0.41 0.56 0.33 0.19 BMI 正常 21 10.2±2.6 17.8±4.7 12.1±5.5 1 247.0±326.3 偏轻 36 7.9±3.1 18.5±5.3 12.4±4.3 1 425.6±280.4 超重 3 7.3±1.4 21.1±2.6 11.6±2.3 1 082.3±267.5 F值 4.17 0.59 0.05 3.60 P值 0.02 0.56 0.95 0.03
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表 3 不同性别各年级学生身体活动时间与步数比较(x±s)
Table 3. Physical activity for girls and boys in different grade during PE times(x±s)
性别 年级 人数 统计值 MVPA/min LPA/min SB/min 步数 男 一 12 5.4±2.1 20.3±6.5 11.0±3.8 1 395.5±337.8 二 10 10.8±2.5* 16.5±5.2 12.6±6.9 1 641.9±393.9 四 9 9.8±1.9* 19.5±6.0 10.7±7.0 1 219.0±324.8*# F值 18.79 1.16 0.31 3.46 P值 < 0.01 0.33 0.74 0.05 女 一 8 6.9±2.7 21.9±3.4 11.2±3.8 1 450.6±211.9 二 10 10.6±2.2* 15.1±2.6* 14.0±2.9 1 511.5±144.7 四 11 9.4±3.2 18.0±2.1# 12.6±3.5 1 015.9±180.9*# F值 3.91 14.16 1.46 23.38 P值 0.03 < 0.01 0.25 < 0.01 注：与一年级比较，*P < 0.05；与二年级比较，#P < 0.05。
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表 4 不同性别各年级小学生身体活动强度比例(x±s，%)
Table 4. Comparison of physical activity intensity perception between different gender and grades of primary school students(x±s, %)
性别 人数 年级 MVPA LPA SB 男 12 一 13.6±5.3 50.7±16.2 27.4±9.5 10 二 27.0±6.2 41.4±12.9 31.6±17.2 9 四 24.4±4.8 48.8±15.0 26.8±17.5 女 8 一 17.3±6.8 54.6±8.6 28.0±9.6 10 二 26.4±5.6 37.7±6.5 34.9±7.3 11 四 23.4±7.9 45.2±5.2 31.4±8.7
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