父母家庭教养方式与学龄前儿童睡眠问题的关联

张叶蕾; 叶和义; 邓虹; 张一; 伍晓艳; 刘寰忠

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.12.021

父母家庭教养方式与学龄前儿童睡眠问题的关联

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.12.021

张叶蕾¹,
叶和义²,
邓虹³,
张一⁴,
伍晓艳⁴,
刘寰忠^1, ,

1.
安徽医科大学精神卫生与心理科学学院, 合肥 233000
2.
安庆市疾病预防控制中心免疫规划科
3.
安庆市妇幼保健计划生育服务中心儿童保健部
4.
安徽医科大学公共卫生学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健学系/出生人口健康教育部重点实验室/人口健康与优生安徽省重点实验室

基金项目:

2019年度国家临床重点专科能力建设项目 81801341

详细信息

作者简介:
张叶蕾(1995-), 女, 安徽安庆人, 在读硕士, 主要研究方向为儿童青少年精神病学

通讯作者:
刘寰忠, E-mail: huanzhongliu@ahmu.edu.cn

中图分类号: R179 G78 B844.1
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-04-20
- 修回日期: 2021-05-26
- 网络出版日期: 2021-12-23
- 刊出日期: 2021-12-25

Effects of parental rearing style on sleep problems in preschool children/

1.
School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei (233000), China

摘要

摘要: 目的研究父母教养方式及其教养方式一致性对学龄前儿童睡眠问题的影响, 为制定早期家庭干预措施提供理论依据。方法采用随机抽样的方法在安庆市共抽取19所幼儿园的2 744名儿童及其家长进行问卷调查, 采用父母行为量表(PBI)调查家长的教养方式, 使用儿童睡眠习惯问卷中文版(CSHQ)评估学龄前儿童睡眠情况。结果学龄前儿童总体睡眠障碍检出率为15.5%, 并同时伴有睡眠持续时间障碍(70.0%)、睡眠阻抗(64.2%)、入睡延迟(38.7%)、睡眠焦虑(15.5%)、白天嗜睡(10.1%)等多个维度的睡眠问题。多因素Logistic回归分析显示, 父亲支持参与的教养方式与学龄前儿童睡眠阻抗、入睡延迟、睡眠持续时间短等睡眠问题, 母亲支持参与的教养方式与学龄前儿童睡眠阻抗、入睡延迟、夜醒等睡眠问题呈负向关联(P值均＜0.05);父亲敌意强制的教养方式与学龄前儿童睡眠阻抗、睡眠持续时间短、睡眠呼吸障碍、白天嗜睡以及总的睡眠问题, 母亲敌意强制的教养方式与学龄前儿童睡眠持续时间短、睡眠焦虑、夜醒、白天嗜睡以及总的睡眠问题呈正向关联(P值均＜0.05)。父母均较高的敌意强制教养方式与学龄前儿童睡眠持续时间短呈正相关(OR=2.19, 95%CI=1.12~4.28, P=0.02)。结论学龄前儿童睡眠问题检出率高, 父母支持性参与教养方式对学龄前儿童睡眠有正面影响, 而父母敌意强制教养方式对学龄前儿童睡眠有负面影响。
- 家庭 /
- 教育 /
- 睡眠 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 儿童, 学龄前
Abstract: Objective To examine the effects of parental rearing style and its consistency on sleep problems of preschool children and to provide theoretical basis for making early family intervention measures. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 2 744 children and their parents in 19 kindergartens in Anqing city. Parental Behavior Inventory (PBI) was used to investigate the rearing style of parents, and Chinese version of Children's Sleep Habit Questionnaire (CSHQ) was used to evaluate the incidence of sleep among preschoolers. Results Preschool children's overall rate of sleep disorder was 15.5%, and accompanied by sleep duration disorder (70.0%), sleep resistance (64.2%), sleep latency (38.7%), anxiety (15.5%), daytime sleepiness (10.1%). Living in urban areas, parents' smoking and drinking behaviors, and parents' parenting style all affected preschoolers' sleep (P < 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that fathers' active rearing style was negatively correlated with preschool children's sleep problems such as delayed sleep impedance and short sleep duration, while mothers' active rearing style was negatively correlated with preschool children's sleep problems such as sleep resistance and night wake-up (P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between father's severe rearing style and preschoolers' sleep resistance, sleep duration, short sleep disordered breathing, daytime sleepiness and total sleep problems, and mother's severe rearing style and preschoolers' sleep duration, short sleep anxiety, night wakefulness, daytime sleepiness and total sleep problems (P < 0.05). Consistent rate of negative rearing patterns was a risk factor for short sleep duration in preschoolers (OR=2.19, 95%CI=1.12-4.28, P=0.02). Conclusion The detection rate of sleep problems in preschoolers is high. Parental supportive involvement has a positive effect on preschoolers' sleep, while parental coercion hostile parenting has a negative effect on preschoolers' sleep. The consistent rate of rearing styles affects the sleep duration of preschoolers.
- Family /
- Education /
- Sleep /
- Mental health /
- Child, preschool

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表 1 不同人口统计学特征学龄前儿童睡眠问题检出率比较

Table 1. Distribution of the detection rate of sleep problems in preschoolers with different demographic characteristics

人口统计学指标		人数	统计值	睡眠阻抗	入睡延迟	睡眠持续时间短	睡眠焦虑	夜醒	异态睡眠	睡眠呼吸障碍	白天嗜睡	CSHQ总分
性别	男	1 434		917(63.9)	559(39.0)	1 008(70.3)	225(15.7)	82(5.7)	54(3.8)	73(5.1)	144(10.0)	238(16.6)
	女	1 310		844(64.4)	503(38.4)	914(69.8)	199(15.2)	63(4.8)	45(3.4)	54(4.1)	134(10.2)	189(14.4)
			χ²值	0.07	0.09	0.09	0.13	1.13	0.22	1.46	0.03	2.45
			P值	0.79	0.75	0.77	0.72	0.29	0.64	0.23	0.87	0.12
年龄/岁	3	705		449(63.7)	229(32.5)	491(69.6)	101(14.3)	50(7.1)	27(3.8)	32(4.5)	68(9.6)	110(15.6)
	4	926		601(64.9)	372(40.2)	648(70.0)	144(15.6)	48(5.2)	28(3.0)	42(4.5)	111(12.0)	155(16.7)
	5	1 005		647(64.4)	423(42.1)	714(71.0)	167(16.6)	44(4.4)	41(4.1)	47(4.7)	86(8.6)	146(14.5)
	6	108		64(59.3)	38(35.2)	69(63.9)	12(11.1)	3(2.8)	3(2.8)	6(5.6)	13(12.0)	16(14.8)
			χ²值	1.44	17.77	2.49	3.29	7.63	1.87	0.25	6.85	1.84
			P值	0.70	＜0.01	0.48	0.35	0.05	0.60	0.97	0.08	0.61
家庭所在地	市区	1 787		1 179(66.0)	702(39.3)	1 308(73.2)	278(15.6)	99(5.5)	73(4.1)	85(4.8)	166(9.3)	275(15.4)
	非市区	957		582(60.8)	360(37.6)	614(64.2)	146(15.3)	46(4.8)	26(2.7)	42(4.4)	112(11.7)	152(15.9)
			χ²值	7.22	0.73	24.26	0.04	0.67	3.36	0.19	3.99	0.12
			P值	＜0.01	0.39	＜0.01	0.84	0.41	0.07	0.66	＜0.05	0.73
父亲饮酒	是	2 044		1 295(63.4)	789(38.6)	1 427(69.8)	310(15.2)	103(5.0)	69(3.4)	89(4.4)	211(10.3)	312(15.3)
	否	700		466(66.6)	273(39.0)	495(70.7)	114(16.3)	42(6.0)	30(4.3)	38(5.4)	67(9.6)	115(16.4)
			χ²值	2.35	0.04	0.20	0.50	0.96	1.24	1.36	0.32	0.54
			P值	0.13	0.85	0.65	0.48	0.33	0.27	0.24	0.57	0.46
母亲饮酒	是	547		339(62.0)	195(35.6)	384(70.2)	91(16.6)	20(3.7)	16(2.9)	30(5.5)	69(12.6)	88(16.1)
	否	2 197		1 422(64.7)	867(39.5)	1 538(70.0)	333(15.2)	125(5.7)	83(3.8)	97(4.4)	209(9.5)	339(15.4)
			χ²值	1.44	2.69	0.01	0.73	3.62	0.92	1.14	4.63	0.14
			P值	0.23	0.10	0.93	0.39	0.06	0.34	0.29	＜0.05	0.70
父亲吸烟	是	1 492		959(64.3)	575(38.5)	1 049(70.3)	234(15.7)	72(4.8)	51(3.4)	72(4.8)	156(10.5)	250(16.8)
	否	1 252		802(64.1)	487(38.9)	873(69.7)	190(15.2)	73(5.8)	48(3.8)	55(4.4)	122(9.7)	177(14.1)
			χ²值	0.01	0.04	0.11	0.13	1.37	0.34	0.29	0.38	3.55
			P值	0.91	0.85	0.74	0.71	0.24	0.56	0.59	0.54	0.06
母亲吸烟	是	43		25(58.1)	11(25.6)	22(51.2)	9(20.9)	2(4.7)	4(9.3)	4(9.3)	4(9.3)	7(16.3)
	否	2 701		1 736(64.3)	1 051(38.9)	1 900(70.3)	415(15.4)	143(5.3)	95(3.5)	123(4.6)	274(10.1)	420(15.5)
			χ²值	0.69	3.17	7.42	1.00	0.04	4.07	2.16	0.03	0.02
			P值	0.41	0.08	＜0.01	0.32	0.85	＜0.05	0.14	0.86	0.90
注： ()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 2 父母教养方式不同的学龄前儿童睡眠问题检出率比较

Table 2. Comparasion of the rate of sleep problems in preschoolers with different parenting styles

父母教养方式	得分	人数	统计值	睡眠阻抗	入睡延迟	睡眠持续时间短	睡眠焦虑	夜醒	异态睡眠	睡眠呼吸障碍	白天嗜睡	CSHQ总分
父亲支持参与	高	627		443(70.7)	280(44.7)	489(78.0)	105(16.7)	23(3.7)	16(2.6)	14(2.2)	60(9.6)	97(15.5)
	中	1 460		932(63.8)	580(39.7)	1 039(71.2)	213(14.6)	77(5.3)	50(3.4)	65(4.5)	149(10.2)	217(14.9)
	低	657		386(58.8)	202(30.7)	394(60.0)	106(16.1)	45(6.8)	33(5.0)	48(7.3)	69(10.5)	113(17.2)
			χ²值	19.93	27.55	51.52	1.87	6.49	5.93	18.93	0.33	1.89
			P值	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	0.39	＜0.05	0.05	＜0.01	0.85	0.39
母亲支持参与	高	620		430(69.4)	275(44.4)	475(76.6)	94(15.2)	16(2.6)	12(1.9)	21(3.4)	56(9.0)	96(15.5)
	中	1 484		983(66.2)	598(40.3)	1 078(72.6)	236(15.9)	73(4.9)	46(3.1)	55(3.7)	158(10.6)	223(15.0)
	低	640		348(54.4)	189(29.5)	369(57.7)	94(14.7)	56(8.8)	41(6.4)	51(8.0)	64(10.0)	108(16.9)
			χ²值	36.72	32.63	64.33	0.56	24.81	20.49	21.20	1.27	1.17
			P值	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	0.76	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	0.53	0.56
父亲敌意强制	低	597		349(58.5)	225(37.7)	391(65.5)	78(13.1)	22(3.7)	14(2.3)	20(3.4)	36(6.0)	61(10.2)
	中	1 492		956(64.1)	578(38.7)	1 060(71.0)	231(15.5)	78(5.2)	52(3.5)	65(4.4)	146(9.8)	218(14.6)
	高	655		456(69.6)	259(39.5)	471(71.9)	115(17.6)	45(6.9)	33(5.0)	42(6.4)	96(14.7)	148(22.6)
			χ²值	16.93	0.45	7.69	4.83	6.35	6.66	7.18	25.96	38.66
			P值	＜0.01	0.80	＜0.05	0.09	＜0.05	＜0.05	＜0.05	＜0.01	＜0.01
母亲敌意强制	低	561		342(61.0)	202(36.0)	365(65.1)	72(12.8)	17(3.0)	17(3.0)	18(3.2)	36(6.4)	52(9.3)
	中	1 566		992(63.3)	641(40.9)	1 120(71.5)	228(14.6)	80(5.1)	46(2.9)	76(4.9)	144(9.2)	228(14.6)
	高	617		427(69.2)	219(35.5)	437(70.8)	124(20.1)	48(7.8)	36(5.8)	33(5.3)	98(15.9)	147(23.8)
			χ²值	9.78	7.68	8.44	14.09	13.47	11.36	3.47	32.43	50.17
			P值	＜0.01	＜0.05	＜0.05	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	0.18	＜0.01	＜0.01
父母支持参与	均低	350		188(53.7)	95(27.1)	186(53.1)	51(14.6)	31(8.9)	27(7.7)	37(10.6)	34(9.7)	60(17.1)
	其他	2 050		1 331(64.9)	812(39.6)	1 465(71.5)	319(15.6)	105(5.1)	66(3.2)	82(4.0)	217(10.6)	317(15.5)
	均高	344		242(70.3)	155(45.1)	271(78.8)	54(15.7)	9(2.6)	6(1.7)	8(2.3)	27(7.8)	50(14.5)
			χ²值	22.87	26.28	62.13	0.24	13.93	21.30	33.97	2.50	0.96
			P值	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	0.89	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	0.29	0.62
父母敌意强制	均高	346		236(68.2)	121(35.0)	236(68.2)	64(18.5)	30(8.7)	21(6.1)	20(5.8)	57(16.5)	92(26.6)
	其他	2 064		1 332(64.5)	823(39.9)	1 473(71.4)	322(15.6)	104(5.0)	69(3.3)	96(4.7)	204(9.9)	310(15.0)
	均低	334		193(57.8)	118(35.3)	213(63.8)	38(11.4)	11(3.3)	9(2.7)	11(3.3)	17(5.1)	25(7.5)
			χ²值	8.50	4.83	8.54	6.74	10.82	7.25	2.39	24.75	49.07
			P值	＜0.05	0.09	＜0.05	＜0.05	＜0.01	＜0.05	0.30	＜0.01	＜0.01
注： ()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 3 学龄前儿童睡眠问题影响因素的多因素Logistic回归分析[OR值(OR值95%CI)，n = 2 744]

Table 3. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of the parental rearing style, smoking behavior, drinking behavior and preschoolers' sleep problems [OR(OR 95%CI), n = 2 744]

自变量	得分	睡眠阻抗	入睡延迟	睡眠持续时间短	睡眠焦虑	夜醒
父亲支持参与	中	1.35(1.02~1.80)^*	1.20(0.92~1.57)	1.29(0.95~1.75)	1.26(0.89~1.78)	0.93(0.51~1.70)
	低	1.45(1.01~2.07)^*	1.67(1.19~2.35)^**	1.69(1.16~2.46)^**	1.03(0.67~1.58)	0.82(0.38~1.79)
母亲支持参与	中	1.10(0.83~1.45)	1.22(0.94~1.60)	1.11(0.82~1.50)	0.88(0.61~1.27)	0.48(0.21~1.05)
	低	1.78(1.25~2.53)^**	1.80(1.27~2.56)^**	1.74(1.20~2.52)	0.91(0.56~1.47)	0.24(0.10~0.58)
父亲敌意强制	中	0.83(0.63~1.09)	1.17(0.89~1.54)	0.88(0.65~1.17)	0.94(0.65~1.37)	0.65(0.34~1.27)
	高	0.55(0.38~0.78)^**	0.92(0.66~1.30)	0.66(0.45~0.97)^*	0.78(0.49~1.24)	0.69(0.30~1.57)
母亲敌意强制	中	1.16(0.86~1.57)	0.91(0.68~1.23)	0.84(0.62~1.14)	1.05(0.70~1.56)	0.44(0.19~1.03)
	高	0.76(0.52~1.13)	1.08(0.74~1.57)	0.67(0.45~0.99)^*	0.61(0.38~0.98)^*	0.31(0.12~0.80)^*
父母支持参与	其他	0.85(0.54~1.33)	0.85(0.56~1.28)	0.98(0.60~1.59)	0.98(0.56~1.72)	1.11(0.35~3.56)
	均高	0.75(0.40~1.39)	0.80(0.43~1.47)	1.05(0.55~2.03)	1.11(0.50~2.49)	0.98(0.23~4.23)
父母敌意强制	其他	0.91(0.58~1.42)	0.86(0.55~1.35)	1.09(0.68~1.74)	0.79(0.42~1.46)	1.66(0.50~5.57)
	均高	1.63(0.86~3.09)	1.19(0.63~2.22)	2.19(1.12~4.28)^*	1.17(0.51~2.67)	1.24(0.27~5.57)
吸烟	否	1.04(0.89~1.22)	0.97(0.83~1.14)	1.01(0.85~1.20)	1.07(0.87~1.33)	0.89(0.63~1.25)
饮酒	否	0.75(0.62~0.92)^**	0.91(0.75~1.09)	0.89(0.73~1.09)	0.87(0.67~1.11)	0.85(0.57~1.26)

自变量	得分	异态睡眠	睡眠呼吸障碍	白天嗜睡		CSHQ总分
父亲支持参与	中	1.01(0.50~2.05)	0.49(0.21~1.16)	1.18(0.78~1.78)		1.20(0.84~1.71)
	低	1.54(0.54~4.37)	0.58(0.21~1.63)	1.03(0.61~1.74)		0.97(0.62~1.52)
母亲支持参与	中	0.65(0.27~1.56)	1.12(0.60~2.10)	0.97(0.63~1.49)		1.08(0.75~1.54)
	低	0.43(0.16~1.15)	0.93(0.42~2.05)	0.98(0.56~1.71)		0.92(0.58~1.45)
父亲敌意强制	中	0.47(0.18~1.20)	0.65(0.44~4.90)	0.67(0.40~1.11)		0.84(0.57~1.24)
	高	0.34(0.11~1.01)	0.36(0.45~9.77)^*	0.45(0.25~0.80)^**		0.60(0.37~0.95)^*
母亲敌意强制	中	1.02(0.47~2.23)	0.54(0.24~1.21)	0.90(0.54~1.49)		0.77(0.50~1.19)
	高	0.44(0.18~1.08)	0.47(0.18~1.23)	0.47(0.26~0.85)^*		0.49(0.29~0.81)^**
父母支持参与	其他	0.77(0.20~2.97)	0.97(0.28~3.36)	0.68(0.34~1.36)		0.79(0.45~1.39)
	均高	0.24(0.04~1.40)	0.29(0.06~1.42)	0.66(0.25~1.76)		0.73(0.33~1.63)
父母敌意强制	其他	1.40(0.36~5.43)	1.46(0.44~4.90)	0.91(0.39~2.13)		0.71(0.36~1.42)
	均高	1.90(0.34~10.50)	2.10(0.45~9.77)	1.26(0.44~3.59)		0.70(0.29~1.67)
吸烟	否	0.98(0.65~1.47)	1.22(0.84~1.77)	1.06(0.82~1.37)		1.24(0.99~1.54)
饮酒	否	0.85(0.53~1.37)	0.75(0.49~1.14)	1.16(0.84~1.59)		0.83(0.65~1.07)
注： P＜0.05，*P＜0.01。父亲支持参与、母亲支持参与赋值为高=1，中=2，低=3；父亲敌意强制、母亲敌意强制赋值为低=1，中=2，高=3；父母支持参与、父母敌意强制赋值为均低=1，其他=2，均高=3。

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