深圳市初中生网络成瘾3年追踪研究

公娜; 黄巧敏; 张孟思; 刘楚芬; 迟新丽

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.12.018

深圳市初中生网络成瘾3年追踪研究

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.12.018

1.
深圳大学师范学院(教育学部心理学院)，广东 518060
2.
广东职业技术学院
3.
深圳市福田区外国语学校

基金项目:

国家社科基金青年项目 16CSH049

详细信息

作者简介:
公娜(1996-)，女，山东临沂人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为青少年心理健康发展

通讯作者:
迟新丽，E-mail：xinlichi@126.com

中图分类号: R179 G444 B844.2
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- 文章访问数: 1056
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-04-10
- 修回日期: 2021-08-09
- 网络出版日期: 2021-12-23
- 刊出日期: 2021-12-25

A three-year longitudinal study on Internet addiction among junior students in Shenzhen City

1.
Department of Psychology Faculty of Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen (518060), Guangdong Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的调查深圳初中生网络成瘾现状及其预测因素，为准确判定青少年网络成瘾群体和开展干预提供参考。方法采用整群随机抽样方法，抽取深圳5所中学初一学生，采用青少年网络成瘾量表(IAT)、青少年积极发展量表(PYD)、家庭功能量表(CFAI)、青少年学业适应不良量表以及人口学变量调查问卷，进行为期3年、每年1测的追踪研究，最终有效被试共1 301人。结果深圳市初中生3年网络成瘾发生率分别为14.4%，15.5%，14.7%，且在初中3年时间内稳定存在(F=2.53，P=0.08)；多元线性回归分析显示，青少年积极发展、家庭功能和学业适应不良均可以预测青少年初中3年的网络成瘾(P值均 < 0.05)。结论深圳初中生网络成瘾现象普遍，且表现为相对稳定性。拥有良好功能的家庭、自身积极发展且学业适应良好的青少年产生的网瘾问题更少。
- 因特网 /
- 行为, 成瘾 /
- 回归分析 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 青少年
Abstract: Objective The present study investigated the prevalence of Internet addiction in Shenzhen adolescents and its predicative factors, so as to provide a reference for precisely identifying the adolescents of internet addiction and conducting intervention. Methods Cluster random sampling method was applied to select the middle school students of grade 1 in 5 middles schools in Shenzhen. Three waves of data were collected over 3 years from students in 5 secondary schools in Shenzhen. Young's 10-item Internet Addiction Test, Chinese Positive Youth Development Scale, Chinese Family Assessment Instrument, Academic Maladaptation Scale and Demographic Variables Questionnaire were used, and finally the data of 1 301 students was proved to be valid. Results The adolescents met the criterion of Internet addiction were 14.4%, 15.5% and 14.7% over past three years. The incidence of Internet addiction was stable among teenagers during the three years(F=2.53, P=0.08); The multivariate linear regression analysis showed that positive youth development, good family functioning indicators and academic maladaptation could predict the higher probability of having Internet addiction(P < 0.05). Conclusion The phenomenon of Internet addiction among teenagers in Shenzhen junior middle school is common and relatively stable. The teenagers from the family of positive function, with positive development and with less academic maladaptation are less likely to suffer from internet addiction.
- Internet /
- Behavior, addictive /
- Regression analysis /
- Mental health /
- Adolescent

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表 1 不同调查时间初中生各问卷得分(x±s，n=1 301)

Table 1. Descriptive characteristics of study variables (x±s, n=1 301)

调查时间	积极青少年发展	家庭功能	学业适应不良	网络成瘾
第1次	4.72±0.68	4.07±0.77	17.51±5.62	1.55±1.99
第2次	4.83±0.72	4.04±0.79	17.48±5.75	1.62±1.99
第3次	5.06±0.77	4.17±0.77	16.12±5.86	1.47±2.13

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表 2 深圳市初中生网络成瘾问题及检出率3年追踪结果(n=1 301)

Table 2. A 3-year follow-up study Internet addiction among junior middle school students in Shenzhen(n=1 301)

问题	第1次	第2次	第3次
是否无时无刻都想着有关上网的事情	162(12.5)	191(14.7)	276(21.2)
是否觉得需要有越来越多的上网时间来获得满足感	189(14.5)	198(15.2)	128(9.8)
是否曾多次尝试控制，减少或停止上网但不成功	293(22.5)	269(20.7)	164(12.6)
当尝试减少或停止上网时，是否坐立不安、情绪波动、抑郁或脾气暴躁	144(11.1)	142(10.9)	97(7.5)
上网的时间是否超出了你的预期	422(32.4)	427(32.8)	479(36.8)
是否因为上网而出现人际关系、工作、学业或前途等问题	186(14.3)	216(16.6)	189(14.5)
是否曾经对家人、老师、社工或其他人隐瞒自己上网的情况	245(18.8)	266(20.4)	231(17.8)
是否以上网作为逃避问题或发泄情绪(如无助感、罪疚感、焦虑、抑郁)的途径	209(16.1)	216(16.6)	200(15.4)
当没有上网时，是否会感觉到抑郁、坐立不安、情绪波动或焦虑	97(7.5)	86(6.6)	83(6.4)
是否虽然已经花了很高的上网费，但仍继续上网	75(5.8)	84(6.5)	61(4.7)
注： ()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 3 青少年网络成瘾预测因素随时间变化的多元线性回归分析(n=1 301)

Table 3. Multiple linear regression analysis of Predictors of Internet addiction among adolescents overtime: regression analysis(n=1 301)

自变量	选项	第1次			第2次			第3次
自变量	选项	B值	β值	t值	B值	β值	t值	B值	β值	t值
个人因素	性别	-0.02	-0.03	-2.11^**	-0.13	-0.03	-1.03	0.20	0.05	1.49
	年龄	-0.01	-0.01	0.06	-0.10	-0.03	-0.97	-0.08	-0.02	-0.76
	青少年积极发展	-0.11	-0.21	-7.77^**	-0.41	-0.14	-4.50^**	-0.39	-0.12	-4.06^**
	ΔR²值		0.06			0.02			0.02
家庭系统	家庭收入	0.04	0.04	1.16	0.03	0.03	1.00	0.01	0.01	0.33
	家庭结构	0.04	0.01	0.26	0.16	0.03	0.99	0.07	0.01	0.43
	家庭功能	-0.43	-0.17	-4.94^**	-0.24	-0.09	-2.59^*	-0.43	-0.16	-4.44^**
	ΔR²值		0.08			0.02			0.03
学校系统	学业成绩	-0.01	0.00	-0.12	0.09	0.04	1.36	0.05	0.02	0.66
	学业适应不良	0.15	0.42	13.62^**	0.05	0.14	3.99^**	0.09	0.23	6.92^**
	ΔR²值		0.22			0.04			0.07
注： P＜0.05，*P＜0.01。

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