留守中学生抑郁焦虑症状与留守特征的相关性

王翠梅; 喻志文; 黄翔; 钟厚永; 龚玲; 王世昌; 卢金逵; 伍晓艳

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.12.016

留守中学生抑郁焦虑症状与留守特征的相关性

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.12.016

1.
赣南师范大学体育学院，江西赣州 341000
2.
赣南师范大学附属中学
3.
上饶师范学院体育学院/幼儿体育与留守儿童健康研究中心
4.
安徽医科大学儿少卫生与妇幼保健学系/人口健康与优生安徽省重点实验室

基金项目:

江西省社会科学十三五(2019)规划项目 19ZK33

详细信息

作者简介:
王翠梅(1979-)，女，江西临川人，硕士，讲师，主要研究方向为运动与心理健康

通讯作者:
龚玲，E-mail：54755374@qq.com

中图分类号: G444 B844.1 G478
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- 文章访问数: 782
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-05-07
- 修回日期: 2021-10-20
- 网络出版日期: 2021-12-23
- 刊出日期: 2021-12-25

Correlation between left-behind expericences with depressive and anxiety symptoms of left-behind middle school stutents

1.
College of Physical Education, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou(341000), Jiangxi Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探究现留守中学生抑郁症状、焦虑症状发生与留守特征(父母外出情况)的关联，为制定留守中学生抑郁与焦虑症状干预政策提供理论依据。方法采用分层随机整群抽样法，于2019年4—6月对江西上饶市鄱阳、广丰等6个县2 160名儿童进行调查，最终筛选出13~18岁留守中学生776名。运用广泛性焦虑障碍量表(GAD-7)和患者健康问卷(PHQ-9)对抑郁、焦虑症状进行评价，同时采用问卷调查掌握留守中学生家庭特征及其行为生活方式。结果在性别方面，无论抑郁症状还是焦虑症状，女生检出率均高于男生；在年龄方面，高中学段(16~18岁)留守儿童抑郁症状(43.2%)和焦虑症状(39.9%)的检出率均高于初中学段(13~15岁)(27.3%，33.0%)。在抑郁症状检出率方面，留守儿童不同性别、学段组间差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为10.48，21.08，P值均 < 0.05)；在焦虑症状检出率方面，不同性别、母亲职业类型、父亲学历组间差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为8.66，5.30，8.35，P值均 < 0.05)。结论亲子分离时期会影响留守儿童抑郁症状的发生。关注中学生心理健康问题对预防控制留守儿童抑郁、焦虑症状有重要意义。
- 抑郁 /
- 焦虑 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To explore the relationship between left-behind experiences due to work migration of parents with depressive and anxiety symptoms among left-behind middle school stutents, to provide a theoretical basis for the government to formulate intervention policies for mental health of left behind children. Methods The stratified random cluster sampling method was used to investigate 2 160 children in Poyang and Guangfeng Counties of Shangrao City, Jiangxi Province from April to June, 2019. Finally, 776 left-behind children aged 13 to 18 were selected. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were used to evaluate the depression and anxiety symptoms. Family characteristics and lifestyle behaviors of left-behind children were investigated by questionnaire. Results In terms of gender, the detection rates of both depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms were higher in girls than in boys. In terms of age, the detection rates of depressive symptoms (43.2%) and anxiety symptoms (39.9%) in left-behind children in high school (16-18 years old) were higher than those in middle school (13-15 years old)(27.3% and 33.0%). The detection rate of depressive among left-behind children significantly differet in sexual, gender (χ²=10.48, 21.08); the detection rate of anxiety symptoms among left-behind children significantly different in sexual, maternal occupation, and paternal educational background (χ²=8.66, 5.30, 8.35) (P < 0.05). Conclusion Parent-child separation is associated with depressive symptoms in left-behind middle school stutents. Mental health of children in middle school stutents is of great significance to the prevention of depression and anxiety symptoms in left-behind children.
- Depression /
- Anxiety /
- Mental health /
- Child

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表 1 不同组别留守儿童抑郁焦虑症状检出率比较

Table 1. Demographic characteristics, family status and personal life style of left-behind childrenand the detection rate of depression and anxiety symptoms

组别	人数	抑郁症状			焦虑症状			组别	人数	抑郁症状			焦虑症状
组别	人数	检出人数	χ²值	P值	检出人数	χ²值	P值	组别	人数	检出人数	χ²值	P值	检出人数	χ²值	P值
性别								初中	348	121(34.8)			121(34.8)
男	405	124(30.6)	10.48	0.00	129(31.9)	8.66	＜0.01	高中/中专	58	18(31.0)			24(41.4)
女	371	155(41.8)			156(42.0)			大学或以上	12	2(16.7)			6(50.0)
学段								家庭月收入/元
初中	352	96(27.3)	21.08	0.00	116(33.0)	3.95	0.05	≤2 000	48	16(33.3)	2.40	0.49	15(31.2)	3.48	0.32
高中	424	183(43.2)			169(39.9)			2 001~5 000	316	117(37.0)			107(33.9)
就读类型								5 001~8 000	272	103(37.9)			105(38.6)
寄宿	413	148(35.8)	0.01	0.94	151(36.6)	0.01	0.92	＞8 000	140	43(30.7)			58(41.4)
走读	363	131(36.1)			134(36.9)			每天有无剧烈运动
户口								有	341	125(36.7)	0.13	0.72	128(37.5)	0.17	0.68
城镇	91	27(29.7)	1.77	0.18	35(38.4)	0.13	0.72	无	435	154(35.4)			157(36.1)
农村	685	252(36.8)			250(36.5)			每天有无适度运动
非体力劳动	445	163(36.6)	0.21	0.65	172(38.7)	1.66	0.20	有	292	112(38.4)	1.17	0.28	105(36.0)	0.12	0.73
体力劳动	331	116(35.0)			113(34.1)			无	484	167(34.5)			180(37.2)
母亲职业类型								电视时间/(h·d^-1)
非体力劳动	361	136(37.7)	0.87	0.35	148(41.0)	5.30	0.02	不看	421	158(37.5)	3.42	0.33	160(38.0)	1.73	0.63
体力劳动	415	143(34.5)			137(33.0)			≤1	223	70(31.4)			83(37.2)
父亲学历								＞1~3	99	40(40.4)			31(31.3)
小学及以下	189	76(40.2)	3.82	0.28	78(41.3)	8.35	0.04	＞3	33	11(33.3)			11(33.3)
初中	456	161(35.3)			153(33.6)			电脑使用时间/(h·d^-1)
高中/中专	113	34(30.0)			43(38.1)			不用	430	153(35.6)	1.09	0.78	157(36.5)	3.41	0.33
大学或以上	18	8(44.4)			11(61.1)			≤1	155	56(36.1)			61(39.4)
母亲学历								＞1~3	126	43(34.1)			39(30.9)
小学及以下	358	138(38.5)	3.81	0.28	134(37.4)	2.10	0.55	＞3	65	27(41.5)			28(43.0)
注： ()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 2 不同留守特征留守儿童抑郁焦虑症状检出率比较

Table 2. Comparison of the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms among left-behind children with defferent left-behind characteristics

留守特征	人数	抑郁症状			焦虑症状			留守特征	人数	抑郁症状			焦虑症状
留守特征	人数	检出人数	χ²值	P值	检出人数	χ²值	P值	留守特征	人数	检出人数	χ²值	P值	检出人数	χ²值	P值
父亲外出开始时儿童年龄/岁								母亲外出开始时儿童年龄/岁
≤3	284	173(60.9)	13.69	0.02	182(64.1)	2.73	0.74	≤3	188	120(63.8)	5.18	0.39	115(61.2)	1.45	0.92
＞3~6	148	93(62.8)			90(60.8)			＞3~6	127	77(60.6)			81(63.8)
＞6~9	151	113(74.8)			103(68.2)			＞6~9	112	76(67.9)			74(66.1)
＞9~12	95	64(67.4)			59(62.1)			＞9~12	98	67(68.4)			64(65.3)
＞12~15	71	40(56.3)			44(62.0)			＞12~15	97	59(60.8)			59(60.8)
＞15~18	8	3(37.5)			4(50.0)			＞15~18	39	20(51.3)			23(59.0)
父亲外出结束时儿童年龄/岁								母亲外出结束时儿童年龄/岁
≤6	53	33(62.3)	17.02	＜0.01	34(64.2)	4.65	0.33	≤6	52	35(67.3)	14.28	0.01	37(71.2)	7.41	0.12
＞6~9	65	45(69.2)			44(67.7)			＞6~9	70	47(67.1)			49(70.0)
＞9~12	98	67(68.4)			59(60.2)			＞9~12	97	65(67.0)			60(61.9)
＞12~15	267	190(71.2)			181(67.8)			＞12~15	223	155(69.5)			146(65.5)
＞15~18	274	151(55.1)			164(59.9)			＞15~18	219	117(53.4)			124(56.6)
父亲外出年限/年								母亲外出年限/年
≤1	78	55(70.5)	6.19	0.29	53(67.9)	4.78	0.44	≤1	67	50(74.6)	7.72	0.17	43(64.2)	1.66	0.89
＞1~3	140	95(67.9)			94(67.1)			＞1~3	134	89(66.4)			88(65.7)
＞3~5	109	66(60.6)			61(56.0)			＞3~5	99	58(58.6)			62(62.6)
＞5~10	190	125(65.8)			121(63.7)			＞5~10	174	109(62.6)			112(64.4)
＞10~15	194	121(62.4)			126(64.9)			＞10~15	155	97(62.6)			92(59.4)
＞15	46	24(52.2)			27(58.7)			＞15	32	16(50.0)			19(59.4)
注： ()内数字为检出率/%。

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