运动康复训练对普通高校残疾大学生心理健康及运动意识和行为的影响

秦剑博; 郭仁红

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.12.015

运动康复训练对普通高校残疾大学生心理健康及运动意识和行为的影响

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.12.015

秦剑博¹,
郭仁红²

1.
天津市职业大学基础课部，天津 300410
2.
常州工学院体育教学部

基金项目:

天津市教育科学“十三五”规划课题项目 HE3102

详细信息

作者简介:
秦剑博(1983-)，男，内蒙古鄂尔多斯人，硕士，讲师，主要研究方向为体能训练研究、体育教学课程设计

中图分类号: G647.8 G444 G808
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-03-10
- 修回日期: 2021-07-29
- 网络出版日期: 2021-12-23
- 刊出日期: 2021-12-25

Influence of sports rehabilitation training on mental health, sports consciousness and sports behavior of disabled college students

QIN Jianbo¹,
GUO Renhong²

1.
Foundation Department, Tianjin Vocational Institute, Tianjin(300410), China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨运动康复训练对普通高校残疾大学生心理健康及运动意识、运动行为的影响。方法 2019年2—7月，选取天津市6所普通高校的108名轻中度肢体残疾大学生作为研究对象，使用随机数字表法分为干预组与对照组(各54名)，对照组不接受任何干预，干预组通过体育处方进行运动康复训练。对比两组学生干预前后的心理健康状态、运动意识及运动行为变化。结果与干预前相比，干预组干预后的焦虑(25.93%)、抑郁(12.96%)、人际关系敏感(22.22%)阳性检出率均降低(χ²值分别为6.64，4.48，16.80，P值均 < 0.05)。与干预前相比，干预组干预后以辅助治疗疾病、满足兴趣、促进健康为运动目的大学生占比明显提高(29.63%，24.07%，35.19%)，以应对体育考试为运动目标的(14.81%)大学生检出率降低(χ²值分别为4.48，5.65，5.98，32.04，P值均 < 0.05)。与干预前相比，干预组干预后的每周运动频率、每次运动时间明显增加，主要运动形式中结伴运动者、高强度及中等强度运动者、规律运动者、运动后感受很好者占比均增加，且各项的组间差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为17.84，14.72，16.34，15.15，16.12，9.44，P值均 < 0.05)。结论对普通高校残疾大学生实施运动康复训练，有助于强化其运动意识，改善其运动行为，从而有效促进体质健康水平的提高，同时减轻焦虑、自责、过敏、抑郁等负性情绪，促进心理健康。
- 运动活动 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 意识 /
- 行为 /
- 健康促进 /
- 残疾人 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To explore the influence of sports rehabilitation training on mental health, sports consciousness and sports behavior of disabled college students. Methods A total of 108 students with mild to moderate physical disability from 6 universities in Tianjin City were selected as the research objects. They were divided into two groups (n=54) by random number table method. One group was used as a blank control without any intervention (control group). The other group was used for sports rehabilitation training through sports prescription (experimental group). The changes of physical condition, mental health, exercise consciousness and exercise behavior of the two groups before and after intervention were compared. Results The positive rates of anxiety, depression, interpersonal sensitivity (25.93%, 12.96%, 22.22%) in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group(χ²=6.64, 4.48, 16.80, P < 0.05). Compared with that before intervention, the proportion of college students in the experimental group whose goal was to exercise willpower, assist in treating diseases, satisfy interests and promote health (29.63%, 24.07%, 35.19%) after intervention was significantly increased, and the proportion of college students whose goal was to deal with physical examination (14.81%) was significantly reduced (χ²=4.48, 5.65, 5.98, 32.04, P < 0.05). Compared with that before intervention, the frequency and time of exercise per week in the experimental group increased significantly after intervention, and the proportion of the main forms of exercise in the experimental group increased, the proportion of low-intensity exercise decreased, the proportion of high-intensity and medium-intensity exercise increased, the proportion of irregular exercise decreased, the proportion of regular exercise increased, the proportion of those who felt good after exercise increased. The differences of each group were statistically significant (χ²=17.84, 14.72, 16.34, 15.15, 16.12, 9.44, P < 0.05). Conclusion The exercise rehabilitation training for the disabled college students is helpful to strengthen their sports consciousness and improve their sports behavior, so as to effectively improve their physical health, reduce their negative emotions such as anxiety, self-blame, allergy and depression, and promote their mental health.
- Motor activity /
- Mental health /
- Consciousness /
- Behavior /
- Health promotion /
- Disabled presons /
- Students

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表 1 两组残疾大学生干预前后SCL

Table 1. Comparison of the number of SCL-90 positive symptom items before and after intervention in the two groups of disabled college students

组别	选项	统计值	焦虑	抑郁	恐怖	偏执	人际关系敏感	强迫症状	敌对	躯体化	精神病性
干预组	干预前		27(50.00)	16(29.63)	6(11.11)	8(14.81)	33(61.11)	12(22.22)	7(12.96)	5(9.26)	10(18.52)
(n=54)	干预后		14(25.93)	7(12.96)	5(9.26)	7(12.96)	12(22.22)	7(12.96)	5(9.26)	4(7.41)	9(16.67)
		χ²值	6.64	4.48	0.10	0.08	16.80	1.60	0.38	0.12	0.06
		P值	0.01	0.03	0.75	0.78	＜0.01	0.21	0.54	0.73	0.80
对照组	干预前		30(55.56)	18(33.33)	5(9.26)	9(16.67)	30(55.56)	13(24.07)	8(14.81)	6(11.11)	12(22.22)
(n=54)	干预后		32(59.26)	19(35.19)	6(11.11)	10(18.52)	28(51.85)	15(27.78)	7(12.96)	5(9.26)	14(25.93)
		χ²值	0.15	0.04	0.10	0.06	0.15	0.19	0.08	0.10	0.20
		P值	0.70	0.84	0.75	0.80	0.70	0.66	0.78	0.75	0.65
注： ()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 2 干预前后两组残疾大学生运动意识检出率比较

Table 2. Comparison of exercise consciousness between two groups of disabled college students before and after intervention

组别	选项	统计值	锻炼意志力	辅助治疗疾病	交友	满足兴趣	促进健康	提高技能	优化体形	提高社会适应能力	应对体育考试
干预组	干预前		5(9.26)	7(12.96)	11(20.37)	4(7.41)	8(14.81)	6(11.11)	8(14.81)	5(9.26)	37(68.52)
(n=54)	干预后		12(22.22)	20(37.04)^*	13(24.07)	17(41.48)^*	19(35.19)^*	8(14.81)	10(18.52)	7(12.96)	8(14.81)^*
		χ²值	3.42	8.35	0.21	9.99	5.98	0.33	0.27	0.38	32.04
		P值	0.06	0.03	0.64	＜0.01	＜0.01	0.57	0.61	0.54	＜0.01
对照组	干预前		8(14.81)	9(16.67)	10(18.52)	6(11.11)	7(12.96)	8(14.81)	10(18.52)	6(11.11)	40(74.07)
(n=54)	干预后		9(16.67)	10(18.52)	9(16.67)	8(14.81)	6(11.11)	9(16.67)	11(20.37)	7(12.96)	42(77.78)
		χ²值	0.07	0.06	0.06	0.33	0.09	0.07	0.06	0.09	0.20
		P值	0.79	0.80	0.80	0.57	0.77	0.79	0.81	0.77	0.65
注： ()内数字为检出率/%；*与对照组干预后比较P＜0.05。

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表 3 不同运动行为两组残疾大学生干预前后分布比较

Table 3. Comparison of the distribution of different sports behaviors between two groups of disabled college students before and after intervention

运动行为	选项	干预组(n=54)				对照组(n=54)
运动行为	选项	干预前	干预后	χ²值	P值	干预前	干预后	χ²值	P值
每周运动频率/次	0	21(38.89)	3(5.56)	17.84	＜0.01	18(33.33)	17(31.48)	0.17	0.98
	1~2	16(29.63)	21(38.89)			18(33.33)	17(31.48)
	3~5	12(22.22)	20(37.04)			12(22.22)	13(24.07)
	＞5	5(9.26)	10(18.52)			6(11.11)	7(12.96)
每次运动时间/min	＜30	20(37.04)	8(14.81)	14.72	＜0.01	22(40.74)	23(42.59)	0.19	0.98
	30~45	21(38.89)	14(25.93)			18(33.33)	16(29.63)
	46~60	9(16.67)	20(37.04)			10(18.52)	11(20.37)
	＞60	4(7.41)	12(22.22)			4(7.41)	4(7.41)
主要运动形式	单独	37(68.52)	16(29.63)	16.34	＜0.01	40(74.07)	39(72.22)	0.05	0.83
	结伴	17(31.48)	38(70.37)			14(25.93)	15(27.78)
运动强度	高	5(9.26)	14(25.93)	15.15	0.01	4(7.41)	3(5.56)	0.23	0.89
	中等	19(35.19)	29(53.70)			21(38.89)	20(37.04)
	低	30(55.56)	11(20.37)			29(53.70)	31(57.41)
运动规律性	很规律	5(9.26)	17(31.48)	16.12	＜0.01	7(12.96)	6(11.11)	0.09	0.96
	一般	13(24.07)	21(38.89)			15(27.78)	15(27.78)
	不规律	36(66.67)	16(29.63)			32(59.26)	33(61.11)
运动后的感受	很好	9(16.67)	22(40.74)	9.44	0.01	13(24.07)	15(27.78)	0.41	0.82
	一般	24(44.44)	22(40.74)			21(38.89)	22(40.74)
注： ()内数字为构成比/%。

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