中国九省儿童青少年2000—2018年营养状况

李丽; 王惠君; 欧阳一非; 李园; 张普洪; 郭春雷; 王柳森; 张兵

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.12.008

中国九省儿童青少年2000—2018年营养状况

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.12.008

李丽¹,
王惠君¹,
欧阳一非¹,
李园²,
张普洪²,
郭春雷^{2, 3},
王柳森¹,
张兵^1, ,

1.
中国疾病预防控制中心营养与健康所，北京 100050
2.
乔治全球健康研究院(澳大利亚)北京代表处
3.
北京市营养源研究所

基金项目:

中国疾病预防控制中心和美国北卡罗莱纳大学人口中心合作项目 NIH R01HD30880

中国疾病预防控制中心和美国北卡罗莱纳大学人口中心合作项目 R01AG065357

中国疾病预防控制中心和美国北卡罗莱纳大学人口中心合作项目 R01DK104 371

中国疾病预防控制中心和美国北卡罗莱纳大学人口中心合作项目 R01HL108427

中国营养学会-振东国人体质与健康研究基金资助项目 CNS-ZD2019032

详细信息

作者简介:
李丽(1974-)，女，云南省人，硕士，副主任医师，主要研究方向为公共营养

通讯作者:
张兵，E-mail：zhangbing@chinacdc.cn

中图分类号: R151 R153.2 R179
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-03-08
- 修回日期: 2021-09-10
- 网络出版日期: 2021-12-23
- 刊出日期: 2021-12-25

Nutritional status of children and adolescents in 9 provinces of China from 2000 to 2018

1.
National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing (100050), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解中国9个省儿童青少年营养状况及变化趋势，为改善儿童青少年营养状况提供依据。方法采用2000，2006，2011，2015和2018年“中国健康与营养调查”7~17岁5 746名有完整数据的儿童青少年为调查对象。应用方差分析和χ²检验对不同特征儿童青少年的体质量指数(BMI)和营养不良进行分析。应用线性回归模型分析儿童青少年BMI、消瘦和生长迟缓率、超重和肥胖率的时间变化趋势。结果 2000—2018年中国9个省7~17岁儿童青少年BMI从17.66 kg/m²增加到19.08 kg/m²(F=22.88，P < 0.05)，男、女生超重肥胖率均呈上升趋势(t值分别为16.65，11.01，P值均 < 0.05)。2000、2006、2011、2015、2018年9个省7~17岁儿童青少年的消瘦和生长迟缓率及超重肥胖率比较，差异均有统计学意义(χ_{消瘦和生长迟缓}²值分别为85.46，29.55，41.09，29.86，45.29;χ_超重肥胖²值分别为109.12，52.21，98.23，68.27，52.49，P值均 < 0.05)。结论中国9个省7~17岁儿童青少年消瘦和生长迟缓明显改善，超重肥胖呈上升趋势。消瘦和生长迟缓、超重肥胖存在地区性差异。应采取积极的干预策略和措施，在改善消瘦和生长迟缓问题同时，着重预防中国儿童青少年的肥胖问题。
- 营养不良 /
- 人体质量指数 /
- 回归分析 /
- 儿童 /
- 青少年
Abstract: Objective To understand the malnutrition status and trends among children and adolescents, and to provide evidence for improving the nutritional status of children and adolescents in 9 provinces of China. Methods A total of 5 746 children and adolescents aged 7-17 years old from the "China Health and Nutrition Survey" in 2000, 2006, 2011, 2015 and 2018 were selected as the subjects. Variance analysis and Chi square test were used to analyze the BMI of children and adolescents with different characteristics and different types of malnutrition. Linear regression model was used to analyze the trends of BMI, stunting and wasting, and overweight and obesity in children and adolescents with different characteristics. Results From 2000 to 2018, the BMI of children and adolescents aged 7-17 increased from 17.66 kg/m² to 19.08 kg/m² (F=22.88, P < 0.05). The prevalence of overweight and obesity increased in both males and females(t=16.65, 11.01, P < 0.05). Comparison of the rates of wasting and Growth Retardation and overweight and obesity among children and adolescents aged 7-17 years in nine provinces in 2000, 2006, 2 011, 2015 and 2018, the difference was statistically significant (χ_{wasting and grouth retardation}²=85.46, 29.55, 41.09, 29.86, 45.29; χ_{overweight and obesity}²=109.12, 52.21, 98.23, 68.27, 52.49, P < 0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of stunting and wasting of children and adolescents aged 7-17 in 9 provinces of China decreased. The prevalence of overweight and obesity showed an upward trend in 9 provinces of China. There were regional differences among the prevalence of stunting and wasting, as well as overweight and obesity. Active intervention strategies and measures should be taken to improve malnutrition and focus on the prevention of obesity in children and adolescents in China.
- Malnutrition /
- Body mass index /
- Regression analysisl /
- Child /
- Adolescent

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表 1 2000—2018年不同组别儿童青少年BMI比较/(x±s，kg·m^-2)

Table 1. BMI of children and adolescents aged 7-17 from 2000 to 2018/(x±s, kg·m^-2)

年份	性别		家庭收入		城乡		合计
年份	男	女	低	高	农村	城市	合计
2000	17.73±2.82	17.57±2.87	17.43±2.68	17.89±2.98	17.49±2.80	18.17±2.90	17.66±2.84
2006	17.83±3.06	17.63±3.09	17.16±2.90	18.30±3.14	17.47±3.07	18.47±2.96	17.73±3.07
2011	18.17±3.81	17.70±3.51	17.42±3.38	18.46±3.88	17.66±3.61	18.78±3.73	17.94±3.67
2015	18.49±4.43	17.80±4.56	17.68±4.52	18.63±4.45	17.93±4.58	18.91±4.18	18.16±4.50
2018	19.12±5.20	19.04±5.51	18.56±4.92	19.60±5.65	19.05±5.33	19.20±5.42	19.08±5.35
F值	12.76	11.34	10.28	14.83	21.84	3.53	22.88
P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.05	< 0.01

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表 2 2000—2018年不同性别儿童青少年营养状况变化趋势

Table 2. Trend analysis of nutritional status among children and adolescents aged 7-17 from 2000 to 2018

年份	男生			女生
年份	人数	消瘦和生长迟缓	超重肥胖	人数	消瘦和生长迟缓	超重肥胖
2000	1 178	108(9.2)	65(5.5)	1 024	56(5.5)	35(3.4)
2006	590	52(8.8)	46(7.8)	525	36(6.9)	28(5.3)
2011	481	47(9.8)	55(11.4)	451	29(6.4)	33(7.3)
2015	384	27(7.0)	53(13.8)	364	24(6.6)	34(9.3)
2018	391	26(6.6)	59(15.1)	358	15(4.2)	42(11.7)
t值^*		-1.78	16.65		-0.67	11.01
P值		0.17	< 0.01		0.55	< 0.01
注： ()内数字为检出率/%; *为线性回归统计值。

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