郑州市2014—2018年中小学教学环境分析

高利华; 陈彦哲; 阙菡雅; 邢艺苑; 朱慧丽; 王丽茹

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.11.031

郑州市2014—2018年中小学教学环境分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.11.031

1.
河南省郑州市疾病预防控制中心公共卫生监测与评价所，450007
2.
河南省疾病预防控制中心公共卫生研究所学校与儿少卫生研究室

详细信息

作者简介:
高利华(1983-)，男，河南焦作人，硕士，副主任医师，主要从事公共卫生工作

通讯作者:
陈彦哲，E-mail：zzgongweisuo@163.com

中图分类号: G478 R179
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-05-31
- 修回日期: 2021-07-29
- 网络出版日期: 2021-12-01
- 刊出日期: 2021-11-25

Analysis of teaching environment of primary and middle schools in Zhengzhou City from 2014 to 2018

1.
Institute of Public Health Monitoring and Evaluation, Zhengzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou(450007), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解郑州市辖区中小学校教学环境变化趋势，为进一步提高中小学校教学环境提供资料。方法 2014—2018年，采用分层随机抽样方法对郑州市534所中小学校进行教学设施和教学辅助设施调查。结果教学设施：教学楼外廊栏杆高度合格率为88.8%(474所)，教室照明合格率为79.6%(425所)，灯桌距合格率为82.8%(442所)，黑板灯管合格率为86.1%(460所)，各年份间合格率差异有统计学意义(χ²值分别为9.97，23.74，80.10，53.33，P值均＜0.05)；人均教室面积合格率为52.8%(282所)，教学楼外廊宽度合格率为64.0%(342所)，各年份间合格率差异均无统计学意义(χ²值分别为7.38，8.71，P值均＞0.05)。教学辅助设施：集中供水比例65.0%(347所)，厕所有洗手设施81.6%(436所)，校园内有洗手设施70.6%(377所)，各年份间差异有统计学意义(χ²值分别为88.62，42.71，123.53，P值均 < 0.05)。结论郑州市中小学校教学环境总体情况较好，2014—2018年教学设施和教学辅助设施多数指标合格率呈上升趋势，但仍有一些指标需要提高。
- 教学 /
- 环境和公共卫生 /
- 合格鉴定 /
- 设备和供应
Abstract: Objective To understand the changing trend of the teaching environment of the elementary and secondary schools in Zhengzhou, and to provide data for further improving the teaching environment of the elementary and secondary schools. Methods A survey of teaching facilities and teaching aids in 534 secondary and primary schools in Zhengzhou was conducted from 2014 to 2018 by using a stratified random sampling method. Results Teaching facilities: the qualified rate of the railings in the outer corridor of the teaching building was 88.8% (474), the qualified rate of classroom lighting was 79.6% (425), the qualified rate of the light desk distance was 82.8% (442), and the qualified rate of black plate lights 86.1% (460), the qualified rate of each year was statistically significant (χ²=9.97, 23.74, 80.10, 53.33, P < 0.05); the qualified rate of classroom area per capita was 52.8% (282), the qualified rate of the outer corridor width of the teaching building was 64.0% (342), the qualified rate of each year showed no statistical difference(χ²=7.38, 8.71, P > 0.05). Teaching ancillary facilities: the proportion of centralized water supply was 65.0% (347), toilet with hand washing facilities was 81.6% (436), these two indicators showed an increasing trend, hand washing facilities in campus was 70.6% (377), showed a decreasing trend, the rate of each year differed significantly(χ²=88.62, 42.71, 123.53, P < 0.05). Conclusion The overall situation of teaching environment in Zhengzhou primary and secondary schools is relatively good, the qualified rate of most indicators of teaching facilities increased from 2014 to 2018. However, there are still some indicators to be strengthened.
- Teaching /
- Environment and public health /
- Eligibility determination /
- Equipment and supplies

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表 1 郑州市2014—2018年调查学校基本情况

Table 1. Survey on the basic situation of schools in Zhengzhou from 2014 to 2018

年份	学校数	学校层次				学校类型		办学性质
年份	学校数	城市	县级	乡级	村级	小学	中学	公办	民办
2014	87	26(29.9)	6(6.9)	16(18.4)	39(44.8)	62(71.3)	25(28.7)	85(97.7)	2(2.3)
2015	78	27(34.6)	3(3.8)	10(12.8)	38(48.7)	51(65.4)	27(34.6)	73(93.6)	5(6.4)
2016	98	36(36.7)	19(19.4)	27(27.6)	16(16.3)	55(56.1)	43(3.9)	91(92.9)	7(7.1)
2017	144	53(36.8)	14(9.7)	42(29.2)	35(24.3)	94(65.3)	50(34.7)	140(97.2)	4(2.8)
2018	127	48(37.8)	25(19.7)	29(22.8)	25(19.7)	82(64.6)	45(35.4)	121(95.3)	6(4.7)
合计	534	190(35.6)	67(12.5)	124(23.2)	153(28.7)	344(64.4)	190(35.6)	510(95.5)	24(4.5)
注：()内数字为构成比/%。

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表 2 郑州市2014—2018年中小学校教学环境合格率比较

Table 2. Qualified rate of teaching facilities of Zhengzhou primary and secondary schools from 2014 to 2018

年份	学校数	外廊栏杆高度	外廊宽度	可使用楼梯数	走廊应急灯	楼梯应急灯	教室照明	灯桌距	灯管垂直黑板	黑板灯管	人均教室面积
2014	87	71(81.6)	51(58.6)	55(63.2)	50(57.5)	53(60.9)	68(78.2)	57(65.5)	60(69.0)	73(83.9)	52(59.8)
2015	78	66(84.6)	49(62.8)	60(76.9)	48(61.5)	64(82.1)	48(61.5)	45(57.7)	55(70.5)	60(76.9)	39(50.0)
2016	98	86(87.8)	60(61.2)	85(86.7)	71(72.4)	75(76.5)	76(77.6)	84(85.7)	69(70.4)	75(76.5)	42(42.9)
2017	144	133(92.4)	87(60.4)	100(69.4)	106(73.6)	117(81.3)	127(88.2)	133(92.4)	108(75.0)	136(94.4)	75(52.1)
2018	127	118(92.9)	95(74.8)	107(84.3)	108(85.0)	115(90.6)	106(83.5)	123(96.9)	101(79.5)	116(91.3)	74(58.3)
合计	534	474(88.8)	342(64.0)	407(76.2)	383(71.7)	424(79.4)	425(79.6)	442(82.8)	393(73.6)	460(86.1)	282(52.8)
χ²值		9.97	8.71	22.28	24.09	28.95	23.74	80.10	5.66	53.33	7.38
P值		0.04	0.07	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	0.69	＜0.01	0.12
注：()内数字为合格率/%。

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表 3 郑州市2014—2018年中小学校教学辅助设施配备情况比较

Table 3. Allocation of teaching auxiliary facilities of Zhengzhou primary and secondary schools from 2014 to 2018

年份	学校数	饮用水集中供水	有食堂卫生许可证	水冲式厕所	厕所有洗手设施	校园内有洗手设施
2014	87	59(67.8)	20(23.0)	54(62.1)	51(58.6)	80(92.0)
2015	78	38(48.7)	23(29.5)	57(73.1)	60(76.9)	71(91.0)
2016	98	61(62.2)	47(48.0)	83(84.7)	84(85.7)	93(94.9)
2017	144	87(60.4)	63(43.8)	109(75.7)	129(89.6)	73(50.7)
2018	127	102(80.3)	64(50.4)	115(90.6)	112(88.2)	60(47.2)
合计	534	347(65.0)	217(40.6)	418(78.3)	436(81.6)	377(70.6)
χ²值		88.62	34.14	28.87	42.71	123.53
P值		＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01
注：()内数字为配备率/%。

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