江西省儿童青少年超重肥胖流行现状及影响因素分析

陈婷; 范奕; 宋孝光; 方晓艳; 朱慧; 程慧健

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.11.028

江西省儿童青少年超重肥胖流行现状及影响因素分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.11.028

陈婷¹,
范奕^1, ,,
宋孝光²,
方晓艳¹,
朱慧¹,
程慧健³

1.
江西省疾病预防控制中心公共卫生研究所，南昌 330029
2.
江西省疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所
3.
江西省疾病预防控制中心办公室

详细信息

作者简介:
陈婷(1983-)，女，江西高安人，硕士，主管医师，主要从事学校卫生工作

通讯作者:
范奕，E-mail：691779611@qq.com

中图分类号: R723.14 R179 G478
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-03-12
- 修回日期: 2021-07-23
- 网络出版日期: 2021-12-01
- 刊出日期: 2021-11-25

Analysis of prevalence and risk factors of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents in Jiangxi Province

1.
Institute of Public Health, Jiangxi Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang(330029), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解江西省儿童青少年超重肥胖现状及其影响因素，为制定超重肥胖防治策略提供依据。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法，于2019年3—11月对江西省11个设区市77 780名中小学生进行体格检查和问卷调查。结果江西省儿童青少年超重检出率为20.5%，肥胖检出率为8.4%。超重和肥胖检出率均随着学段的上升呈下降趋势(χ²值分别为178.65，389.86)，男生均高于女生(χ²值分别为1 061.06，504.21)，城区均高于郊县(χ²值分别为56.17，34.14)(P值均＜0.01)。不同经济片区中，中片区(23.3%，9.7%)的超重和肥胖检出率最高，其次为好片区(21.1%，8.7%)、差片区(18.2%，7.2%)，且差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为266.29，143.90，P值均＜0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，社会人口学方面，江西省儿童青少年超重和肥胖的影响因素均为经济片区、居住地、学段和性别；饮食行为方面，超重的影响因素为含糖饮料、甜食、新鲜水果和蔬菜食用频率，肥胖的影响因素为甜食、新鲜水果食用频率(P值均＜0.05)。结论江西省儿童青少年超重肥胖形势严峻，应在社会、学校、家庭的共同努力下进行综合防控。
- 儿童 /
- 青少年 /
- 超重 /
- 肥胖症 /
- 流行病学因素
Abstract: Objective To investigate prevalence and influencing factors of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents in Jiangxi Province, and to provide the basis for strategies for prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity. Methods Using stratified random cluster sampling, a total of 77 780 primary and middle school students in 11 districts of Jiangxi Province were investigated with physical examination and questionnaire during March to November in 2019. Results The detection rates of overweight and obesity of children and adolescents in Jiangxi province were 20.5% and 8.4%, respectively. Which decreased with the increase of the learning stage(χ²=178.65, 389.86), with significantly higher in boys and urban areas (χ²=1 061.06, 504.21;56.17, 34.14)(P < 0.01).In different economic areas, the detection rates of overweight and obesity in moderate economic area(23.3%, 9.7%) were the highest, followed by high economic area (21.1%, 8.7%) and low economic area(18.2%, 7.2%), and the differences were statistically significant(χ²=266.29, 143.90, P < 0.01).The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that in terms of social demography, overweight and obesity of children and adolescents in Jiangxi Province were associated with economic area, residence, learning stage and gender; in terms of dietary behavior, overweight of children and adolescents in Jiangxi Province was associated with consumption frequency of sugary drinks, sweets, fresh fruits and vegetables, and the influencing factors of obesity were consumption frequency of sweets and fresh fruits(P < 0.05). Conclusion The situation of overweight and obesity of children and adolescents in Jiangxi Province is sorrisome, and comprehensive prevention and control should be carried out with the joint efforts of society, school and family. Child; Adolescent; Overweight; Obesity; Epidemiologic factors
- Child /
- Adolescent /
- Overweight /
- Obesity /
- Epidemiologic factors

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表 1 中小学生超重肥胖影响因素的单因素分析

Table 1. Single factor analysis of the influencing factors of overweight and obesity in primary and middle school students

组别	选项	人数	统计值	超重人数	肥胖人数
过去1周喝含糖	＜1	50 480		10 120(20.0)	3 852(7.6)
饮料/(次·d^-1)	≥1	4 856		1 035(21.3)	386(7.9)
			χ²值	4.41	0.63
			P值	0.04	0.43
过去1周吃	＜1	49 060		10 011(20.4)	3 815(7.8)
甜食/(次·d^-1)	≥1	6 272		1 144(18.2)	423(6.7)
			χ²值	16.21	8.37
			P值	＜0.01	＜0.01
过去1周吃油炸	＜1	52 245		10 512(20.1)	3 982(7.6)
食物/(次·d^-1)	≥1	3 089		643(20.8)	256(8.3)
			χ²值	0.88	1.83
			P值	0.35	0.18
过去1周吃新鲜	＜1	24 751		4 616(18.6)	1 671(6.8)
水果/(次·d^-1)	≥1	30 587		6 539(21.4)	2 567(8.4)
			χ²值	63.29	52.11
			P值	＜0.01	＜0.01
过去1周吃	＜1	9 862		1 830(18.6)	713(7.2)
蔬菜/(次·d^-1)	≥1	45 469		9 323(20.5)	3 524(7.8)
			χ²值	19.11	3.11
			P值	＜0.01	0.08
过去1周吃早餐	每天吃	43 731		8 970(20.5)	3 399(7.8)
	未每天吃	11 605		2 185(18.8)	839(7.2)
			χ²值	16.15	3.82
			P值	＜0.01	0.05
过去1周每天中高	是	6 621		1 432(21.6)	562(8.5)
强度运动≥60 min	否	48 680		9 718(20.0)	3 674(7.5)
			χ²值	10.04	7.30
			P值	＜0.01	0.01
过去1周上体育课/节	＜3	47 239		9 309(19.7)	3 476(7.4)
	≥3	8 077		1 840(22.8)	758(9.4)
			χ²值	40.52	40.07
			P值	＜0.01	＜0.01
注：()内数字为检出率/%；表中各项均存在缺失项。

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表 2 中小学生超重肥胖影响因素Logistic回归分析

Table 2. Logistic regression analysis on influencing factors of overweight in primary and middle school students

自变量		超重(n=55 273)					肥胖(n=55 264)
自变量		β值	标准误	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值(OR值95%CI)	β值	标准误	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值(OR值95%CI)
过去1周喝含糖饮料		0.09	0.04	4.94	0.03	1.09(1.01~1.18)
过去1周吃甜食		-0.14	0.04	14.77	＜0.01	0.87(0.81~0.93)	-0.14	0.05	7.02	0.01	0.87(0.78~0.96)
过去1周吃新鲜水果		0.14	0.02	36.47	＜0.01	1.15(1.10~1.20)	0.17	0.03	23.97	＜0.01	1.18(1.11~1.26)
过去1周吃蔬菜		0.12	0.03	15.69	＜0.01	1.12(1.06~1.19)
过去1周吃早餐		-0.02	0.03	0.78	0.38	0.98(0.93~1.03)
过去1周每天中高强度运动≥60min		0.06	0.03	3.13	0.08	1.06(0.99~1.13)	0.03	0.05	0.43	0.51	1.03(0.94~1.13)
过去1周上体育课		0.03	0.03	1.09	0.30	1.03(0.97~1.10)	0.03	0.04	0.58	0.45	1.03(0.95~1.13)
片区	好片区			229.19	＜0.01				141.98	＜0.01
	中片区	0.16	0.03	25.31	＜0.01	1.17(1.10~1.25)	0.17	0.05	12.68	＜0.01	1.18(1.08~1.29)
	差片区	-0.20	0.03	40.13	＜0.01	0.82(0.77~0.87)	-0.26	0.05	30.22	＜0.01	0.77(0.70~0.85)
监测点		-0.11	0.02	23.14	＜0.01	0.90(0.86~0.94)	-0.12	0.03	12.27	＜0.01	0.89(0.83~0.95)
学段	小学			77.60	＜0.01				154.42	＜0.01
	初中	-0.15	0.03	29.20	＜0.01	0.86(0.82~0.91)	-0.29	0.04	53.24	＜0.01	0.75(0.70~0.81)
	高中	-0.24	0.03	76.49	＜0.01	0.78(0.74~0.83)	-0.51	0.04	150.64	＜0.01	0.60(0.55~0.65)
性别		-0.64	0.02	800.10	＜0.01	0.53(0.51~0.55)	-0.60	0.03	307.85	＜0.01	0.55(0.51~0.59)

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