Meta-analysis of effectiveness of high intensity interval training on cognitive executive function of adolescents
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摘要:
目的 通过Meta分析探讨高强度间歇训练对青少年认知执行功能的影响，为医疗康复治疗和体育教育实践活动提供参考依据。 方法 以“高强度间歇训练”“认知功能”“执行功能”“High-Intensity Interval Training”“Cognition”“Cognition Function”“Executive Function”“Exercutive Controls”等关键词检索Pubmed、Cochrane library、Web of science、Embase、知网、万方和维普数据库，收集建库至2020年9月20日公开发表的关于高强度间歇训练对青少年认知执行功能影响相关的文献，运用Stata 14软件和Revman 5.3软件对纳入的10篇文献进行Meta分析，并采用固定效应模型或者随机效应模型进行效应量合并。 结果 急性高强度间歇运动后即刻Stroop测试反应时显著缩短(SMD=0.70，95%CI=0.28~1.11，z=3.29，P < 0.01)；运动后30 min Stroop测试反应时变化无统计学意义(SMD=0.23，95%CI=-0.14~0.60，z=1.23，P>0.05)；运动后即刻Stroop测试正确率显著提高(SMD=0.26，95%CI=0.03~0.50，z=2.21，P < 0.05)；运动后30 min Stroop测试正确率变化无统计学意义(SMD=-1.38，95%CI=-4.28~1.52，z=0.93，P>0.05)；长期高强度间歇训练干预后Stroop测试和连线测试反应时显著缩短(SMD=0.38，95%CI=0.07~0.70，z=2.41，P < 0.05)。 结论 急性与长期高强度间歇训练均可有效改善青少年的认知执行功能，但急性训练的后效应作用不明显。 Abstract:Objective To summarize the effective of high intensity interval training on cognitive executive function among adolescents through Meta-analysis, and to provide reference for medical rehabilitation and physical education practice. Methods Literature search was conducted for Chinese and English keywords "High-Intensity Interval Training", "Cognition", "Cognition Function", "Executive Function" and "Executive Controls" regarding the effect of high intensity interval training on cognitive executive function among adolescents published prior to September 20, 2020 in PubMed, Cochrane library, Web of science, Embase, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), the Wanfang database and the VIP database. Stata 14 software and Revman 5.3 software were used for Meta-analysis, fixed-effect or random-effect model was used to combine the Results based on the heterogeneity. Results The response time of Stroop test immediately after acute high intensity interval training significantly decreased (SMD=0.70, 95%CI=0.28-1.11, z=3.29, P < 0.01); there was no significant change in response time of Stroop test 30 min after training (SMD=0.23, 95%CI=-0.14-0.60, z=1.23, P>0.05); the correct rate of Stroop test immediately after acute high intensity interval training increased significantly (SMD=0.26, 95%CI=0.03-0.50, z=2.21, P < 0.05); there was no significant change in correct rate of Stroop test 30 min after training (SMD=-1.38, 95%CI=-4.28-1.52, z=0.93, P>0.05). After long-term high intensity interval training, the response time of Stroop and TMT test were significantly shortened (SMD=0.38, 95%CI=0.07-0.70, z=2.41, P < 0.05). Conclusion Acute and long-term high intensity interval training can effectively improve cognitive executive function among adolescents, but the long term effect of acute training is unclear. -
Key words:
- Physical education and training /
- Cognition /
- Growth and development /
- Meta-analysis /
- Adolescent
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图 1 急性高强度间歇训练对青少年运动后即刻反应时影响
注：A组指对身体相对比较活跃的青少年进行干预(54个样本)，B组指对身体活动不太活跃的青少年进行干预(36个样本)。
Figure 1. Forest diagram of the impact of acute high-intensity interval training on the immediate reaction time of adolescents after exercise
图 2 急性高强度间歇训练对青少年即刻反应时影响的敏感性分析
注：A组指对身体相对比较活跃的青少年进行干预(54个样本)，B组指对身体活动不太活跃的青少年进行干预(36个样本)。
Figure 2. Sensitivity analysis of the effect of acute high-intensity interval training on the reaction time of adolescents
图 3 急性高强度间歇训练对青少年运动后30 min反应时影响
Figure 3. Forest diagram of the effect of acute high-intensity interval training on the reaction time of adolescents after 30 minutes of exercise
图 4 急性高强度间歇训练对青少年运动后即刻正确率影响
注：A组指对身体相对比较活跃的青少年进行干预(54个样本)，B组指对身体活动不太活跃的青少年进行干预(36个样本)。
Figure 4. Forest diagram of the effect of acute high-intensity interval training on the correct rate of adolescents immediately after exercise
图 5 急性高强度间歇训练对青少年运动后30 min正确率影响
Figure 5. The forest diagram of the effect of acute high-intensity interval training on the correct rate of adolescents 30 minutes after exercise
图 6 长期高强度间歇训练对青少年反应时影响
注：AEP组主要包括高强度的心肺运动，RAP组主要包括高强度的心肺和体重阻力训练。
Figure 6. Forest diagram of the impact of long-term high-intensity interval training on the reaction time of adolescents
表 1 研究纳入文献的基本特征
Table 1. Basic characteristics of the literature included in this study
第一作者及年份 研究类型 样本量 运动方案/强度 持续时间 实验组干预前/后效应值 结局指标 实验组 对照组 即刻反应时 30 min后反应时 即刻正确率/% 30 min后正确率/% Tsukamoto(2016)[13] RCT 12 HIIT(~90%HRmax) 无 即刻测试 12 065±2 588/10 263±2 033 ms 12 065±2 588/10 866±2 442.2 ms 98.6±1.7/97.1±2.1 98.6±1.7/97.6±2.1 Stroop Bahdur(2019)[17] 非RCT(单臂) 44 HIIT 无 即刻测试 56.5±11.7/49.2±8.9 s 无 无 无 Stroop Aguirre-Loaiza(2019)[18] RCT 54/36 HIIT(76%~96%HRmax) 无 即刻测试 A: 73.4±14.3/68.7±11.8 s B: 67.7±16.5/64±8 s 无 A: 98.7±1.9/97.1±8.7 B：98.2±2.5/98.3±1.6 无 Stroop Cooper(2016)[14] RCT 44 HIIT[(181±13)次/min] 无 即刻测试 1 103±34/1 043±37 s 无 95.8±5.2/94.1±10.3 无 Stroop Cooper(2018)[19] RCT 39 HIIT[(197±9)次/min] 无 即刻测试 1 187±237/1 114±181 s 无 96.6±6.2/94.2±7.5 无 Stroop Tsukamoto(2016)[20] 非RCT(单臂) 12 HIIT(90% peak VO2) 无 即刻测试 10 592±2 414/9 336±2 148 s 10 592±2 415/9 902±2 383 ms 96.7±3.8/96.7±3.1 96.7±3.8/97.5±2.7 Stroop 张庆举(2020)[21] RCT 14 HIIT(~90%HRmax) 不干预 3次/8周 无 893.4±174.4/810.6±143.7 ms 无 无 Stroop Costigan(2016)[22] RCT 21/22 HIIT(74.04%，77.58%HRmax) 常规体育课 3次/8周 无 AEP：36.1±17.1/32.8±17.8 s RAP：39.9±17.0/32.8±18.6 s 无 无 TMT 张国晓(2019)[9] 非RCT(双臂) 23 HIIT 有氧持续训练 3次/6周 无 892.72±170.36/819.86±130.99 s 无 无 Stroop 唐浩轩(2019)[8] 非RCT(单臂) 33 HIIT(85%HRR) 无 即刻测试 无 1 176.4±1 144.7/1 028.1±1 209.2 ms 无 92.08±1.49/97.08±0.57 Stroop 注：TMT为连续测试，Stoop为Stoop测试；A组指对身体相对比较活跃的青少年进行干预(54个样本)，B组指对身体活动不太活跃的青少年进行干预(36个样本)；AEP组主要包括高强度的心肺运动，RAP组主要包括高强度的心肺和体重阻力训练。 
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