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石家庄儿童脊柱侧弯现状及影响因素分析

陈玉娟 李立 杨惠玲 胡雯雯 贾富池 翟凤鸣

陈玉娟, 李立, 杨惠玲, 胡雯雯, 贾富池, 翟凤鸣. 石家庄儿童脊柱侧弯现状及影响因素分析[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2021, 42(11): 1674-1678. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.11.017
引用本文: 陈玉娟, 李立, 杨惠玲, 胡雯雯, 贾富池, 翟凤鸣. 石家庄儿童脊柱侧弯现状及影响因素分析[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2021, 42(11): 1674-1678. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.11.017
CHEN Yujuan, LI Li, YANG Huiling, HU Wenwen, JIA Fuchi, ZHAI Fengming. Current status and influencing factors of scoliosis of children in Shijiazhuang[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH, 2021, 42(11): 1674-1678. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.11.017
Citation: CHEN Yujuan, LI Li, YANG Huiling, HU Wenwen, JIA Fuchi, ZHAI Fengming. Current status and influencing factors of scoliosis of children in Shijiazhuang[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH, 2021, 42(11): 1674-1678. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.11.017

石家庄儿童脊柱侧弯现状及影响因素分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.11.017
基金项目: 

教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目 21YJA890006

石家庄市社会科学界联合会社科专家培养项目 2019zjpy39

详细信息
    作者简介:

    陈玉娟(1979-  ),女,河北宣化人,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为人体健康促进与管理

  • 中图分类号: R179  R681.5  R627.8

Current status and influencing factors of scoliosis of children in Shijiazhuang

  • 摘要:   目的  了解当前儿童脊柱侧弯现状及其主要影响因素,为脊柱侧弯防治提供参考。  方法  2020年9—12月,采用随机整群法抽取石家庄4所幼儿园和3所小学的学生共1 500名为研究对象,采用人体静态身体姿态状况评估和Adams前屈试验法对研究对象进行脊柱侧弯筛查,并自行设计问卷调查其相关影响因素。  结果  78名学生存在脊柱侧弯,占总人数的5.47%,其中男生17名,占被筛查男生的2.31%;女生61名,占被筛查女生的8.85%,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01)。二元Logistic回归分析显示,儿童成长过程中抱得过多、爬得较少、不良坐姿、不良站姿、缺乏维生素D、缺乏钙、长期从事单侧用力的体育项目、锻炼时间不足、平时用的桌子高度不合适、椅子高度不合适、女生均是儿童脊柱侧弯的危险因素(OR值分别为1.58,0.58,2.22,2.13,3.02,2.18,2.14,2.86,3.04,2.59,1.16,P值均 < 0.05)。  结论  儿童脊柱侧弯检出率较高,教育部门和家长应加以关注和防治,科学的养育方式可以有效降低少儿脊柱侧弯的发生。
  • 表  1  不同学段性别儿童脊柱侧弯检出率比较

    Table  1.   Comparison on the detection rate of scoliosis in different gender

    学段 性别 人数 脊柱侧弯人数 χ2 P
    中班 198 5(2.53) 9.85 < 0.01
    178 18(10.11)
    大班 173 5(2.89) 5.34 0.02
    174 15(8.62)
    一年级 118 3(2.54) 3.69 0.06
    109 9(8.26)
    二年级 120 3(2.50) 3.61 0.06
    112 9(8.04)
    三年级 128 1(0.78) 8.68 < 0.01
    116 10(8.62)
    合计 737 17(2.31) 29.40 <0.01
    689 61(8.85)
    合计 1 426 78(5.47)
    注: ( )内数字为检出率/%。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  不同组别儿童脊柱侧弯检出率比较

    Table  2.   Relationship between the detection rate of scoliosis and related factors in children

    组别 人数 脊柱侧弯人数 χ2 P 组别 人数 脊柱侧弯人数 χ2 P
    分娩方式 体育锻炼项目
        自然 850 44(5.2) 2.46 0.29     乒乓/羽毛球/击剑 569 24(2.8) 26.24 < 0.01
        剖宫产 391 27(6.9)     其他运动 857 54(9.5)
        无痛 185 7(3.8) 每次体育锻炼时间/min
    是否早产     10~30 522 40(7.7) 6.85 0.03
        足月 1 367 73(5.3) 0.88 0.38      > 30~60 705 30(4.3)
        早产 59 5(8.5)      > 60 199 8(4.0)
    婴儿期是否抱得过多 每周体育锻炼频度/次
        是 748 53(7.1) 7.14 0.01     1 22 2(9.1) 17.84 < 0.01
        否 678 25(3.7)     2~3 762 61(8.0)
    婴儿期是否爬得较少     4~5 346 11(3.2)
        是 1 051 73(6.9) 15.47 < 0.01      > 5 296 6(2.0)
        否 375 5(1.3) 日常坐姿
    年龄/岁     标准 386 11(2.8) 10.06 0.01
        4 393 23(5.9) 0.32 0.99     较好 358 16(4.5)
        5 365 20(5.5)     不良 682 51(7.5)
        6 216 12(5.5) 钙是否缺乏
        7 220 12(5.5)     是 414 37(8.9) 12.02 < 0.01
        8 232 11(4.7)     否 1 012 41(4.1)
    性别 日常走姿
        男 737 17(2.3) 29.40 < 0.01     标准 584 6(1.0) 49.65 < 0.01
        女 689 61(8.9)     较好 700 49(7.0)
    身高     不良 142 23(16.2)
        超高 279 15(5.4) 2.38 0.30 日常睡姿
        标准 1 048 54(5.2)     标准 294 7(2.4) 10.75 0.01
        矮小 99 9(9.1)     较好 1 011 58(5.7)
    家族史     不良 121 13(10.7)
        有 37 3(8.1) 0.51 0.48 挑食或偏食
        没有 1 389 75(5.4)     是 500 42(8.4) 11.35 < 0.01
    桌子高度是否合适     否 926 36(3.9)
        是 1 213 51(4.2) 21.47 < 0.01 维生素D是否缺乏
        否 213 27(12.7)     是 549 53(9.7) 26.87 < 0.01
    椅子高度是否合适     否 977 25(2.6)
        是 992 17(1.7) 76.63 < 0.01 日常站姿
        否 434 61(11.8)     标准 335 4(1.2) 15.50 < 0.01
    书包重量是否合适     较好 480 22(4.6)
        是 1 241 61(14.1) 1.58 0.21     不良 611 44(7.2)
        否 185 14(7.6)
    注: ( )内数字为检出率/%。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  儿童脊柱侧弯多因素Logistic回归分析(n=1 426)

    Table  3.   Assignment in multivariate Logistic regression analysis of scoliosis in children(n=1 426)

    自变量 β 标准误 Wald χ2 P OR值(OR值95%CI)
    抱得过多 0.55 0.23 3.92 0.04 1.58(1.01~2.16)
    爬得较少 1.35 0.24 7.43 0.02 0.58(0.38~0.82)
    性别 0.75 0.26 6.13 0.01 1.16(1.09~2.50)
    桌子高度不合适 1.01 0.24 15.01 < 0.01 3.04(1.98~5.91)
    椅子高度不合适 1.39 0.21 11.86 < 0.01 2.59(1.22~4.41)
    体育项目 0.97 0.21 13.41 < 0.01 2.14(1.32~3.59)
    锻炼时间/min
        10~30 0.90 0.26 38.93 0.01 2.46(1.86~3.26)
         > 30~60 0.66 0.19 25.64 0.02 1.92(1.49~2.46)
    每周锻炼频度/次
        1 0.45 0.16 10.81 0.04 1.56(1.21~2.05)
        2~3 0.36 0.17 8.92 0.31 1.45(1.14~1.83)
        4~5 0.35 0.11 8.33 0.24 1.43(1.12~1.81)
    不良坐姿 0.93 0.27 11.91 < 0.01 2.22(1.12~3.42)
    不良站姿 1.02 0.47 6.03 0.03 2.13(1.15~7.01)
    不良走姿 0.72 0.26 8.07 < 0.01 2.18(1.46~3.62)
    不良睡姿 0.48 0.19 2.27 0.09 1.53(1.71~3.81)
    挑食或偏食 0.27 0.20 2.20 0.10 1.06(1.79~3.06)
    缺乏维生素D 1.14 0.53 9.46 < 0.01 3.02(1.52~5.15)
    缺乏钙 0.83 0.28 7.30 < 0.01 2.18(1.24~3.62)
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2021-04-07
  • 修回日期:  2021-07-04
  • 网络出版日期:  2021-12-01
  • 刊出日期:  2021-11-25

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