石家庄儿童脊柱侧弯现状及影响因素分析

陈玉娟; 李立; 杨惠玲; 胡雯雯; 贾富池; 翟凤鸣

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.11.017

石家庄儿童脊柱侧弯现状及影响因素分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.11.017

1.
石家庄学院体育学院，河北 050035
2.
石家庄学院研究生工作办公室

基金项目:

教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目 21YJA890006

石家庄市社会科学界联合会社科专家培养项目 2019zjpy39

详细信息

作者简介:
陈玉娟(1979- )，女，河北宣化人，博士，副教授，主要研究方向为人体健康促进与管理

中图分类号: R179 R681.5 R627.8
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-04-07
- 修回日期: 2021-07-04
- 网络出版日期: 2021-12-01
- 刊出日期: 2021-11-25

Current status and influencing factors of scoliosis of children in Shijiazhuang

1.
Department of Physical Education, Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang (050035), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解当前儿童脊柱侧弯现状及其主要影响因素，为脊柱侧弯防治提供参考。方法 2020年9—12月，采用随机整群法抽取石家庄4所幼儿园和3所小学的学生共1 500名为研究对象，采用人体静态身体姿态状况评估和Adams前屈试验法对研究对象进行脊柱侧弯筛查，并自行设计问卷调查其相关影响因素。结果 78名学生存在脊柱侧弯，占总人数的5.47%，其中男生17名，占被筛查男生的2.31%；女生61名，占被筛查女生的8.85%，差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01)。二元Logistic回归分析显示，儿童成长过程中抱得过多、爬得较少、不良坐姿、不良站姿、缺乏维生素D、缺乏钙、长期从事单侧用力的体育项目、锻炼时间不足、平时用的桌子高度不合适、椅子高度不合适、女生均是儿童脊柱侧弯的危险因素(OR值分别为1.58，0.58，2.22，2.13，3.02，2.18，2.14，2.86，3.04，2.59，1.16，P值均 < 0.05)。结论儿童脊柱侧弯检出率较高，教育部门和家长应加以关注和防治，科学的养育方式可以有效降低少儿脊柱侧弯的发生。
- 脊柱侧凸 /
- 患病率 /
- 回归分析 /
- 儿童
Abstract: Objective To learn the current status of scoliosis of children and its influencing factors, so as to provide reference for the prevention and treatment. Methods A total of 1 500 students selected from 4 kindergartens and 3 primary schools in Shijiazhuang were tested by static posture assessment and Adams flexion test to get the values, and self-designed questionnaire was designed to investigate the related factors. Results Totally 78 students were found with scoliosis, accounting for 5.47%. Among them, 17 boys (2.31% in boys) and 61 girls (8.85% in girls) were found with scoliosis, and the differences were of statistical significance (P < 0.01). And the main risk factors of scoliosis in children included holding too much, less crawling, poor sitting and standing posture, lack of vitamin D and calcium, long-term unilateral exertion sports, insufficient exercise time, improper height of table and chair, as well as being girl(OR=1.58, 0.58, 2.22, 2.13, 3.02, 2.18, 2.14, 2.86, 3.04, 2.59, 1.16, P < 0.05). Conclusion The detection rate of scoliosis in children is very high, the education department and parents should pay more attention for prevention, scientific rearing Methods can effectively reduce the incidence of scoliosis in children.
- Scoliosis /
- Prevalence /
- Regression analysis /
- Child

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表 1 不同学段性别儿童脊柱侧弯检出率比较

Table 1. Comparison on the detection rate of scoliosis in different gender

学段	性别	人数	脊柱侧弯人数	χ²值	P值
中班	男	198	5(2.53)	9.85	< 0.01
	女	178	18(10.11)
大班	男	173	5(2.89)	5.34	0.02
	女	174	15(8.62)
一年级	男	118	3(2.54)	3.69	0.06
	女	109	9(8.26)
二年级	男	120	3(2.50)	3.61	0.06
	女	112	9(8.04)
三年级	男	128	1(0.78)	8.68	< 0.01
	女	116	10(8.62)
合计	男	737	17(2.31)	29.40	<0.01
	女	689	61(8.85)
合计		1 426	78(5.47)
注： ( )内数字为检出率/%。

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表 2 不同组别儿童脊柱侧弯检出率比较

Table 2. Relationship between the detection rate of scoliosis and related factors in children

组别	人数	脊柱侧弯人数	χ²值	P值	组别	人数	脊柱侧弯人数	χ²值	P值
分娩方式					体育锻炼项目
自然	850	44(5.2)	2.46	0.29	乒乓/羽毛球/击剑	569	24(2.8)	26.24	< 0.01
剖宫产	391	27(6.9)			其他运动	857	54(9.5)
无痛	185	7(3.8)			每次体育锻炼时间/min
是否早产					10~30	522	40(7.7)	6.85	0.03
足月	1 367	73(5.3)	0.88	0.38	> 30~60	705	30(4.3)
早产	59	5(8.5)			> 60	199	8(4.0)
婴儿期是否抱得过多					每周体育锻炼频度/次
是	748	53(7.1)	7.14	0.01	1	22	2(9.1)	17.84	< 0.01
否	678	25(3.7)			2~3	762	61(8.0)
婴儿期是否爬得较少					4~5	346	11(3.2)
是	1 051	73(6.9)	15.47	< 0.01	> 5	296	6(2.0)
否	375	5(1.3)			日常坐姿
年龄/岁					标准	386	11(2.8)	10.06	0.01
4	393	23(5.9)	0.32	0.99	较好	358	16(4.5)
5	365	20(5.5)			不良	682	51(7.5)
6	216	12(5.5)			钙是否缺乏
7	220	12(5.5)			是	414	37(8.9)	12.02	< 0.01
8	232	11(4.7)			否	1 012	41(4.1)
性别					日常走姿
男	737	17(2.3)	29.40	< 0.01	标准	584	6(1.0)	49.65	< 0.01
女	689	61(8.9)			较好	700	49(7.0)
身高					不良	142	23(16.2)
超高	279	15(5.4)	2.38	0.30	日常睡姿
标准	1 048	54(5.2)			标准	294	7(2.4)	10.75	0.01
矮小	99	9(9.1)			较好	1 011	58(5.7)
家族史					不良	121	13(10.7)
有	37	3(8.1)	0.51	0.48	挑食或偏食
没有	1 389	75(5.4)			是	500	42(8.4)	11.35	< 0.01
桌子高度是否合适					否	926	36(3.9)
是	1 213	51(4.2)	21.47	< 0.01	维生素D是否缺乏
否	213	27(12.7)			是	549	53(9.7)	26.87	< 0.01
椅子高度是否合适					否	977	25(2.6)
是	992	17(1.7)	76.63	< 0.01	日常站姿
否	434	61(11.8)			标准	335	4(1.2)	15.50	< 0.01
书包重量是否合适					较好	480	22(4.6)
是	1 241	61(14.1)	1.58	0.21	不良	611	44(7.2)
否	185	14(7.6)
注： ( )内数字为检出率/%。

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表 3 儿童脊柱侧弯多因素Logistic回归分析(n=1 426)

Table 3. Assignment in multivariate Logistic regression analysis of scoliosis in children(n=1 426)

自变量	β值	标准误	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值(OR值95%CI)
抱得过多	0.55	0.23	3.92	0.04	1.58(1.01~2.16)
爬得较少	1.35	0.24	7.43	0.02	0.58(0.38~0.82)
性别	0.75	0.26	6.13	0.01	1.16(1.09~2.50)
桌子高度不合适	1.01	0.24	15.01	< 0.01	3.04(1.98~5.91)
椅子高度不合适	1.39	0.21	11.86	< 0.01	2.59(1.22~4.41)
体育项目	0.97	0.21	13.41	< 0.01	2.14(1.32~3.59)
锻炼时间/min
10~30	0.90	0.26	38.93	0.01	2.46(1.86~3.26)
> 30~60	0.66	0.19	25.64	0.02	1.92(1.49~2.46)
每周锻炼频度/次
1	0.45	0.16	10.81	0.04	1.56(1.21~2.05)
2~3	0.36	0.17	8.92	0.31	1.45(1.14~1.83)
4~5	0.35	0.11	8.33	0.24	1.43(1.12~1.81)
不良坐姿	0.93	0.27	11.91	< 0.01	2.22(1.12~3.42)
不良站姿	1.02	0.47	6.03	0.03	2.13(1.15~7.01)
不良走姿	0.72	0.26	8.07	< 0.01	2.18(1.46~3.62)
不良睡姿	0.48	0.19	2.27	0.09	1.53(1.71~3.81)
挑食或偏食	0.27	0.20	2.20	0.10	1.06(1.79~3.06)
缺乏维生素D	1.14	0.53	9.46	< 0.01	3.02(1.52~5.15)
缺乏钙	0.83	0.28	7.30	< 0.01	2.18(1.24~3.62)

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