河南和四川省2016—2018年农村学校环境卫生与学生个人卫生变化

查玉娥; 陈国良; 姚伟

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.10.034

河南和四川省2016—2018年农村学校环境卫生与学生个人卫生变化

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.10.034

查玉娥^{1, 2},
陈国良¹,
姚伟^1, ,

1.
中国疾病预防控制中心农村改水技术指导中心, 北京 102200
2.
中国疾病预防控制中心环境与人群健康重点实验室/环境与健康相关产品安全所

基金项目: 联合国儿童基金会整乡环境卫生全覆盖项目

详细信息

作者简介:
查玉娥(1986-), 女, 宁夏人, 硕士, 助理研究员, 主要研究方向为环境卫生学、环境暴露组学

通讯作者:
姚伟, E-mail: yaowei@ncrwstg.chinacdc.cn

中图分类号: G478R16R127
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- 文章访问数: 496
- HTML全文浏览量: 213
- PDF下载量: 38
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-05-04
- 修回日期: 2021-06-20
- 网络出版日期: 2021-10-25
- 刊出日期: 2021-10-25

Changes of environmental and personal hygiene in rural schools of Henan and Sichuan from 2016 to 2018

CHA Yu'e^{1, 2},
CHEN Guoliang¹,
YAO Wei^{1
, ,}

1.
National Center for Rural Water Supply Technical Guidance, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing(102200), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解2016—2018年河南和四川农村学校环境卫生、学生卫生知识和行为以及腹泻发生的变化情况, 为改善农村学校环境卫生、提高农村学生健康素养以及降低学生腹泻及其他传染性疾病发生率提供数据支持。方法以"整乡环境卫生全覆盖项目"为基础, 分别于2016和2018年, 选择项目所有农村小学共13所, 其中河南8所, 四川5所, 每校抽取四年级1个班的学生, 2016和2018年分别调查450名学生, 通过访谈、观察、询问以及调查问卷等方法调查学校饮用水、环境卫生、学生个人卫生及行为、近3个月腹泻发生情况。结果 2016—2018年, 为学生提供安全饮水的学校由6所增加到8所, 洗手设施能正常使用的学校由9所增加到12所, 洗手设施配备肥皂或洗手液的学校由2所增加到9所, 厕所类型为卫生厕所的学校由9所增加到12所。学生总卫生知识知晓率由58.74%(793/1 350)上升至64.96%(877/1 350), 总卫生行为形成率由67.78%(1 220/1 800)上升至75.28%(1 355/1 800), 近3个月发生过腹泻的比例由36.89%(166/450)下降到21.11%(95/450), 差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为11.08, 24.86, 27.20, P值均 < 0.05)。结论河南和四川农村学校基础环境卫生设施明显改善, 学生卫生知识知晓率和卫生行为形成率均有提高, 学生腹泻发生率下降。
- 环境卫生 /
- 卫生 /
- 组织和管理 /
- 农村卫生
Abstract: Objective To investigate the changes of environmental sanitation, health knowledge and behavior of students and diarrhea in rural schools in Henan and Sichuan Provinces from 2016 to 2018, and to provide data for improving environmental sanitation, health literacy, as well as reducing diarrhea and other infectious diseases among rural students. Methods Based on the "Community Approach to Total Sanitation (CATS)", a total of 13 rural primary schools were selected in 2016 and 2018 respectively, including 8 in Henan and 5 in Sichuan. One class of fourth-grade students was selected from each school. Totally 450 students were surveyed in 2016 and 2018, respectively. The drinking water, environmental hygiene, students' personal hygiene and behavior, and the incidence of diarrhea in recent 3 months were investigated by interview, observation, inquiry and questionnaire. Results Between 2016 and 2018, the number of schools providing safe drinking water for students increased from 6 to 8, the number of schools with proper hand washing facilities increased from 9 to 12, the number of schools with hand washing facilities equipped with soap or hand sanitizer increased from 2 to 9, and the number of schools with sanitary toilet type increased from 9 to 12. The awareness rate of students' total health knowledge increased from 58.74% (793/1 350) to 64.96% (877/1 350), the formation rate of students' total health behavior increased from 67.78% (1 220/1 800) to 75.28% (1 355/1 800), the proportion of diarrhea in recent 3 months decreased from 36.89% (166/450) to 21.11% (95/450), the differences were statistically significant(χ²=11.08, 24.86, 27.20, P < 0.05). Conclusion The basic environmental sanitation facilities of rural schools in Henan and Sichuan has improved substantially, together with increased students' health knowledge and hygiene behavior, and decreased incidence of students' diarrhea.
- Environmental health /
- Health /
- Organization and administration /
- Rural health

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表 1 不同组别学生2016和2018年卫生知识知晓率比较

Table 1. Students' awareness of health knowledge in 2016 and 2018

组别	选项	统计值	2016年		2018年		χ²值	P值
组别	选项	统计值	人次数	知晓人次数	人次数	知晓人次数	χ²值	P值
性别	男		735	424(57.69)	738	473(64.09)	6.34	0.01
	女		615	369(60.00)	612	404(66.01)	4.76	0.03
		χ²值		0.74		0.54
		P值		0.39		0.46
地区	河南		603	391(64.84)	567	392(69.14)	2.43	0.12
	四川		747	402(53.82)	783	485(61.94)	10.36	0.00
		χ²值		16.74		7.48
		P值		0.00		0.01
合计			1 350	793(58.74)	1 350	877(64.96)	11.08	0.00
注：()内数字为知晓率/%。

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表 2 不同组别学生2016和2018年卫生行为形成率比较

Table 2. The formation of students' health behaviors in 2016 and 2018

组别	选项	统计值	2016年		2018年		χ²值	P值
组别	选项	统计值	人次数	形成人次数	人次数	形成人次数	χ²值	P值
性别	男		980	590(60.20)	984	719(73.07)	36.56	0.00
	女		820	630(76.83)	816	636(77.94)	0.29	0.59
		χ²值		55.50		5.69
		P值		0.00		0.02
地区	河南		804	611(76.00)	756	590(78.04)	0.92	0.34
	四川		996	609(61.14)	1 044	765(73.28)	34.12	0.00
		χ²值		44.92		5.35
		P值		0.00		0.02
合计			1 800	1 220(67.78)	1 800	1 355(75.28)	24.86	0.00
注：()内数字为形成率/%。

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表 3 不同组别学生2016和2018年近3个月腹泻发生率比较

Table 3. Occurrence of diarrhea among students in recent three months in 2016 and 2018

组别	选项	统计值	2016年		2018年		χ²值	P值
组别	选项	统计值	人数	腹泻人数	人数	腹泻人数	χ²值	P值
性别	男		245	92(37.55)	246	52(21.14)	15.95	0.00
	女		205	74(36.10)	204	43(21.08)	11.29	0.00
		χ²值		0.10		0.00
		P值		0.75		0.99
地区	河南		201	87(43.28)	189	60(31.75)	5.52	0.02
	四川		249	79(31.73)	261	35(13.41)	24.63	0.00
		χ²值		6.38		22.13
		P值		0.01		0.00
合计			450	166(36.89)	450	95(21.11)	27.20	0.00
注：()内数字为发生率/%。

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