云南省2017—2020年农村学校饮用水毒理学指标监测结果分析

李晓琍; 李建云; 张旭辉; 栗旸; 狄娟

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.10.032

云南省2017—2020年农村学校饮用水毒理学指标监测结果分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.10.032

云南省疾病预防控制中心环境卫生所, 昆明 650022

详细信息

作者简介:
李晓琍(1967-), 女, 重庆市人, 大学本科, 主任技师, 主要研究方向为饮用水和环境卫生监测

通讯作者:
狄娟, E-mail: 452748398@qq.com

中图分类号: R123G478
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- 文章访问数: 509
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-04-14
- 修回日期: 2021-06-20
- 网络出版日期: 2021-10-25
- 刊出日期: 2021-10-25

Analysis on monitoring results of toxicological indexes of drinking water in rural schools of Yunnan Province from 2017 to 2020

Institute of Environmental Health, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming(650022), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解云南省2017—2020年农村学校饮用水毒理学指标达标情况和影响因素, 为保障农村学校饮用水卫生安全和采取针对性的干预措施提供科学依据。方法 2017—2020年在云南省129个县采用方便抽样法选取456, 399, 391和387所农村中小学校作为监测点, 采用学校饮水供水工程的末梢水, 对水样的11项毒理学指标进行检测和分析评价。结果云南省农村中小学校供水工程毒理学指标总达标率为99.33%, 达标率最低的是硝酸盐氮、三氯甲烷、镉, 超标率分别为0.31%, 0.15%和0.09%;不同年份达标率差异有统计学意义(χ²=11.04, P < 0.05);枯、丰水期达标率差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.05, P>0.05);地表水达标率高于地下水(χ²=9.62, P < 0.05);工程经过处理与未处理达标率差异无统计学意义(χ²=1.55, P>0.05);日供水规模≤500 m³达标率低于日供水规模>500 m³(χ²=4.27, P < 0.05)。结论云南农村中小学饮用水毒理学指标超标率均较低, 硝酸盐氮、三氯甲烷、镉应被作为云南农村学校饮水优先治理的污染物。
- 饮水 /
- 毒理学 /
- 合格鉴定 /
- 农村卫生
Abstract: Objective To understand the toxicological indexes and indexes factors of drinking water in rural schools in Yunnan Province during 2017-2020, so as to provide scientific basis for ensuring drinking water safety, and targeted intervention in rural schools. Methods The end water of 456, 399, 391, 387 rural primary and secondary school drinking water supply projects in 129 counties in Yunnan Province was collected from 2017 to 2020, 11 toxicological indexes were analyzed and evaluated. Results The overall compliance rate of drinking water toxicological indexes in rural primary and secondary schools in Yunnan Province was 99.32%; The top three indexes exceeding the standard were nitrate nitrogen(0.31%), chloroform (0.15%) and cadmium(0.09%). The difference of compliance rate by year was statistically significant(χ²=11.04, P < 0.05); No difference in compliance rate was found between dry and wet seasons(χ²=0.05, P>0.05); The rate of the surface water meeting the standard was higher than that of the groundwater(χ²=9.62, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the compliance rate between the treated and untreated projects(χ²=1.55, P>0.05); The daily water supply scale was less than 500 m³, and the rate of reaching the standard was lower than that of daily water supply is greater than 500 m³(χ²=4.27, P < 0.05). Conclusion The overall percentage of the toxicological indexes in drinking water exceeding the standard in rural primary and secondary schools in Yunnan Province is low. Nitrate nitrogen, chloroform and cadmium should be considered as the prioritirized pollutants of drinking water in rural schools of Yunnan Province.
- Drinking /
- Toxicology /
- Eligibility determination /
- Rural health

HTML全文

表 1 云南省2017—2020年农村学校饮用水毒理学指标监测结果(n=3 267)

Table 1. Detection results of toxicological indexes of drinking water in rural schools of Yunnan Province from 2017 to 2020(n=3 267)

毒理学指标	标准限值/(mg·L^-1)	浓度范围/(mg·L^-1)	超标份数	超标率/%
硝酸盐氮	20.000	ND~89.950	10	0.31
三氯甲烷	0.060	ND~0.377	5	0.15
镉	0.005	ND~0.020	3	0.09
砷	0.050	ND~0.065	2	0.06
铅	0.010	ND~0.033	1	0.03
四氯化碳	0.002	ND~0.003	1	0.03
铬(六价)	0.050	ND~0.049	0	0
汞	0.001	ND~0.001	0	0
硒	0.010	ND~0.010	0	0
氰化物	0.050	ND~0.034	0	0
氟化物	1.200	ND~1.006	0	0
注：ND代表未检出。

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表 2 云南省2017—2020年农村学校饮用水不同影响因素毒理学指标达标率比较

Table 2. Comparison of toxicological indexes of drinking water of rural schools in Yunnan Province from 2017 to 2020

影响因素	选项	监测份数	达标份数	χ²值	P值
水期类型	丰水期	1 629	1 618(99.32)	0.05	0.82
	枯水期	1 638	1 627(99.33)
水源类型	地表水	2 076	2 069(99.66)	9.62	< 0.01
	地下水	1 191	1 176(98.74)
是否处理	经处理	1 797	1 782(99.16)	1.55	0.21
	未处理	1 470	1 463(99.52)
供水规模/m³	≤500	2 319	2 299(99.14)	4.27	0.04
	>500	948	946(99.79)
注：()内数字为达标率/%。

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