A baseline survey on the establishment of myopia follow-up cohort among students in Peixian, Xuzhou City
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摘要:
目的 了解徐州市沛县一至三年级学生的近视率及相关眼部生物学参数, 建立队列观察人群, 为降低近视率提供基线参考依据。 方法 2020年6月, 采用分层整群抽样方法, 抽取沛县的2所九年制学校, 共1 952名学生。由统一培训的监测人员使用统一配备的仪器开展监测, 监测项目包括裸眼视力, 散瞳前后屈光度, 眼压值, 眼轴长度等指标, 开展近视研究队列的基线调查。 结果 徐州市沛县2学校一至三年级学生的总体近视率为21.77%, 女生(23.81%)高于男生(20.16%), 随着年龄和年级增长, 近视率不断升高, 差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为134.10, 144.30, P值均 < 0.05), 6岁组已出现近视, 为8.87%。近视组学生左右眼的眼轴长度均高于非近视组学生, 差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为411.95, 366.85, P值均 < 0.01);近视组学生左眼的眼压值和平均角膜曲率均高于非近视组, 差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为5.91, 10.22, P值均 < 0.05)。 结论 徐州市沛县一至三年级近视率较低, 但6岁组已出现近视, 随着年龄和年级增长, 近视率不断攀升。探寻有效可行的近视防控措施刻不容缓。 Abstract:Objective This study aimed to find out the myopia rate and related ocular biological parameters of grade 1-3 students in Peixian, Xuzhou City, and to establish a cohort observation population, so as to provide baseline reference for control strategies for myopia and reduce the myopia rate. Methods A total of 1 952 students from two nine-year schools in Peixian were selected by stratified cluster sampling in June 2020. Visual examination was administered by trained personnel using uniformly equipped instruments, including uncorrected visual acuity, diopter, intraocular pressure, axial length. Results The overall myopia rate of students from grade one to grade three in two schools in Peixian was 21.77%, and the myopia rate of girls (23.81%) was significantly higher than that of boys (20.16%). With the growth of age and grade, the myopia rate increased continuously, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=134.10, 144.30, P < 0.05). The myopia rate of 6-year-old group was 8.87%. The axial length of the left and right eyes of the myopic group was significantly higher than that of the non-myopic group (t= 411.95, 366.85, P < 0.01), the intraocular pressure and mean corneal curvature of the left eye of the myopic group were higher than those of the non-myopic group (t=5.91, 10.22, P < 0.05). Conclusion The baseline survey results show that the myopia rate of grade 1-3 in Peixian of Xuzhou City is low, but myopia has occurred in the 6-year-old group. With the growth of age and grade, the myopia rate continues to rise. So it is urgent to explore effective and feasible myopia prevention and control measures. Myopia; Cohort studies; Prevalence; Students -
表 1 不同年龄男女生近视检出率的性别间比较
Table 1. Comparison of the prevalence of myopia among boys and girls of different ages and genders
年龄/岁 男生 女生 χ2值 P值 受检人数 近视人数 受检人数 近视人数 6 64 3(4.69) 60 8(13.33) 2.86 >0.05 7 338 42(12.43) 288 34(11.81) 0.05 >0.05 8 356 60(16.85) 276 64(23.19) 3.96 < 0.05 9 319 107(33.54) 228 97(42.54) 4.61 < 0.05 10 14 8(57.14) 9 2(22.22) 2.72 >0.05 合计 1 091 220(20.16) 861 205(23.81) 3.75 < 0.05 注：()内数字为检出率/%。 
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表 2 不同年龄学生左右眼近视及假性近视检出率比较
Table 2. Comparison of the prevalence of left and right eye myopia and pseudomyopia among students of different ages
年龄/岁 人数 左眼 右眼 近视人数 假性近视 近视人数 假性近视 6 124 4(3.23) 20(16.13) 8(6.45) 15(12.10) 7 626 52(8.31) 97(15.50) 61(9.74) 85(13.58) 8 632 86(13.61) 138(21.84) 102(16.14) 131(20.73) 9 547 164(29.98) 109(19.93) 175(31.99) 101(18.46) 10 23 8(34.78) 5(21.74) 8(34.78) 3(13.04) 注：()内数字为检出率/%。
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表 3 不同年龄学生散瞳后等效球镜值比较(x ±s，D)
Table 3. Comparison of equivalent spherical lens value after mydriasis among students of different ages(x ±s, D)
年龄/岁 男生 女生 小计 F/t值 P值 人数 x ±s 人数 x ±s 人数 x ±s 6 64 0.76±0.75 60 0.43±1.84 124 0.60±1.40 16.18 < 0.01 7 338 0.49±1.29 288 0.48±1.98 626 0.49±1.64 8 356 0.25±1.10 276 0.12±1.37 632 0.19±1.23 9 319 -0.17±1.40 228 -0.40±1.44 547 -0.27±1.42 10 14 -0.82±1.29 9 -0.50±0.76 23 -0.53±1.20 合计 1 091 0.22±1.28 861 0.12±1.68 1 952 0.17±1.47 9.16 < 0.01
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表 4 不同年龄学生眼轴长度、眼压值、平均角膜曲率比较(x ±s)
Table 4. Comparison of axial length, intraocular pressure and mean corneal curvature among students of different ages(x ±s)
年龄/岁 右眼眼轴长度/mm 左眼眼轴长度/mm 右眼眼压/mm Hg 左眼眼压/mm Hg 右眼平均角膜曲率/D 左眼平均角膜曲率/D 男生 女生 男生 女生 男生 女生 男生 女生 男生 女生 男生 女生 6 22.98±0.88 22.50±0.66 23.03±0.74 22.50±0.67 15.75±3.37 14.98±3.36 16.54±3.57 15.84±4.14 43.71±26.56 42.57±5.76 42.66±1.68 43.34±1.28 7 23.19±0.79 22.63±0.71 23.17±0.79 22.64±0.71 16.23±6.07 16.03±3.44 16.44±3.49 16.61±3.58 41.87±5.91 42.26±7.32 42.64±2.14 43.51±1.39 8 23.42±0.78 22.96±0.90 23.43±0.98 22.96±0.91 15.96±3.60 16.25±3.56 16.09±3.71 16.41±3.56 41.70±6.93 42.81±5.48 42.78±1.44 43.47±1.64 9 23.69±0.84 23.36±1.09 23.64±0.85 23.30±0.91 16.10±3.47 16.51±3.23 16.42±3.58 16.54±3.19 42.33±4.39 43.49±1.44 42.79±1.79 43.49±1.41 10 23.68±0.81 23.07±0.38 23.69±0.79 23.16±0.36 17.64±3.15 17.14±2.54 16.29±3.87 15.43±2.51 42.64±1.86 43.45±1.46 43.03±1.82 43.45±1.29 合计 23.41±0.83 22.93±0.93 23.39±0.89 22.91±0.87 16.09±4.47 16.16±3.43 16.32±3.60 16.47±3.51 42.07±8.50 42.79±5.52 42.74±1.80 43.48±1.47 注：1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa。
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表 5 近视与非近视否学生的眼部生物学参数比较(x ±s)
Table 5. Comparison of ocular biological parameters between myopic and non myopic students(x ±s)
组别 眼轴长度/mm 眼压值/mmHg 平均角膜曲率/D 右眼 左眼 右眼 左眼 右眼 左眼 非近视 22.99±0.78 22.98±0.78 16.06±4.20 16.29±3.63 42.34±7.74 42.99±1.77 近视 23.92±0.96 23.87±1.03 16.36±3.39 16.76±3.29 42.54±5.70 43.29±1.42 t值 -411.95 -366.85 -1.89 -5.91 -0.26 -10.22 P值 0.00 0.00 0.17 0.02 0.61 0.00 注：非近视与近视人数分别为1 527和425名。
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