安庆市2015—2018年0~14岁门诊儿童血铅水平及影响因素

叶玲飞; 王宁玲; 王士杰

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.10.025

安庆市2015—2018年0~14岁门诊儿童血铅水平及影响因素

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.10.025

叶玲飞^{1, 2},
王宁玲^1, ,,
王士杰²

1.
安徽医科大学第二附属医院儿科，合肥 230601
2.
安徽医科大学附属安庆医院儿科

基金项目:

安庆市科技局科技计划项目 2018Z2008

详细信息

作者简介:
叶玲飞(1986-)，女，安徽岳西人，大学本科，主治医师，主要研究方向为儿童呼吸系统疾病

通讯作者:
王宁玲，E-mail：zwnltt@126.com

中图分类号: R446 R126
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-02-22
- 修回日期: 2021-05-18
- 网络出版日期: 2021-10-25
- 刊出日期: 2021-10-25

Blood lead level of outpatient children in Anqing from 2015 to 2018

YE Lingfei^{1, 2},
WANG Ningling^{1
, ,},
WANG Shijie²

1.
Department of Paediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei (230601), China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析安庆市2015—2018年0~14岁门诊儿童血铅水平的特点及影响因素，为防控儿童血铅水平升高提供依据。方法采用问卷调查、身体测量、实验室检测等方法，收集安徽医科大学附属安庆医院2015—2018年门诊儿童血铅水平、年龄、身高、体重、个人习惯、环境因素等相关信息，分析儿童血铅水平升高的影响因素。结果 2015—2018年安徽医科大学附属安庆医院儿科门诊检测血铅水平的儿童人数分别为4 406，4 177，3 833，3 381人，儿童血铅水平升高(elevated blood lead levels, EBLLs)检出者662，326，225，56例，检出率为15.02%，7.80%，5.87%，1.66%，其中男童EBLLs检出率为16.54%，7.31%，6.18%，1.88%，女童检出率为16.04%，8.51%，5.42%，1.33%，性别差异均无统计学意义(χ²值分别为2.47，2.00，0.99，1.53，P值均>0.05)。0~14岁儿童均可能有EBLLs，2015与2017年EBLLs检出率最高的年龄均为14岁。个人行为中，较少进食肉类及奶制品，经常接触土壤或灰尘的儿童更可能患EBLLs；餐前洗手、清洗玩具≥1次/周的儿童患EBLLs的可能性更低，差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为13.58，8.91，7.63，9.22，P值均 < 0.05)。环境因素中，住房距离主干道 < 50 m、家庭成员吸烟、父母从事铅相关职业的儿童更可能出现EBLLs，差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为4.92，10.63，22.95，P值均 < 0.05)。结论安庆市儿童2015—2018年EBLLs检出率逐年降低；餐前洗手、经常清洗玩具可降低EBLLs的风险。
- 铅 /
- 身体测量 /
- 儿童 /
- 患病率
Abstract: Objective To analyze blood lead levels of children aged 0-14 in Anqing City during 2015 to 2018, to provide basic data for child poisoning prevention and control. Methods Using questionnaire surveys, physical examination, and laboratory tests to assess blood lead, age, height, weight, personal habits, environmental factors and other relevant information, to analyze associated factors of elevated blood lead levels. Results From 2015 to 2018, among the 4 406, 4 177, 3 833 and 3 381 children aged 0-14 in the pediatric outpatient, 662, 326, 225, and 56 cases were found with elevated blood lead levels (EBLLs), with the detection rate of 15.02%, 7.80%, 5.87%, and 1.66%, respectively. Detection rate in boys (16.54%, 7.31%, 6.18% and 1.88%) was similar with that of girls (16.04%, 8.51%, 5.42% and 1.33%) (χ²=2.47, 2.00, 0.99, 1.53, P>0.05). Children in any age groups of 0-14 years might have EBLLs, highest in 14-year-old group in the year of 2015 and 2017. Personal behaviors associated with EBLLs included less meat and dairy products consumption, high frequent exposure to soil dust. In contrast, children who wash their hands before meals and wash toys ≥1 time/week were less likely to suffer from EBLLs (χ²=13.58, 8.91, 7.63, 9.22, P < 0.05). Environmental factors associated with EBLLs included were less than 50 m between the main road with residency, family members smoke, and parents engaged in construction, welding, automobile maintenance and other industries are more likely to have EBLLs, and the difference is statistically significant (χ²=4.92, 10.63, 22.95, P < 0.05). Conclusion The detection rate of EBLLs in Anqing City from 2015 to 2018 depressed by year. Washing hands before meals and cleaning toys frequently could reduce the risk of EBLLs.
- Lead /
- Body size /
- Child /
- Prevalence

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图 1 各年龄儿童EBLLs检出率

Figure 1. EBLLs rates of child in different ages

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 安庆市0~14岁儿童2015—2018年EBLLs的单因素分析

Table 1. Single factor analysis of EBLLs of aged 0-14 children in Anqing from 2015 to 2018

因素	选项	人数	EBLLs人数	χ²值	P值
居住地	城市	349	31(8.88)	0.63	0.43
	农村	162	18(11.11)
年龄段	学龄前	379	36(9.50)	0.17	0.96
	小学	103	10(9.71)
	中学	29	3(10.34)
消瘦	无	458	42(9.17)	0.89	0.35
	有	53	7(13.21)
体重不足	无	452	43(9.51)	0.03	0.87
	有	59	6(10.17)
功能性便秘	无	454	43(9.47)	0.07	0.80
	有	57	6(10.53)
过敏性疾病	无	446	41(9.19)	0.64	0.43
	有	65	8(12.31)
较少进食肉类及奶制品	无	374	25(6.68)	13.58	＜0.01
	有	137	24(17.52)
餐前洗手	无	280	36(12.86)	7.63	0.01
	有	231	13(5.63)
每周清洗玩具	无	292	38(13.01)	9.22	< 0.01
≥1次	有	219	11(5.02)
经常接触土壤或灰尘	无	382	28(7.33)	8.91	< 0.01
	有	129	21(16.28)
住房距离主干道 < 50 m	无	466	40(8.58)	4.92	0.03
	有	45	9(20.00)
家庭成员吸烟	无	456	37(8.11)	10.63	< 0.01
	有	55	12(21.82)
住在老旧或新	无	487	46(9.45)	0.25	0.62
装修住房	有	24	3(12.50)
父母从事铅相关职业	无	485	39(8.04)	22.95	＜0.01
	有	26	10(38.46)
注： ()内数字为检出率/%。

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