河南省四到六年级小学生配镜及屈光检查情况

王丽茹; 许凤鸣; 李凤娟; 王旭; 王延鑫; 张书芳

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.10.020

河南省四到六年级小学生配镜及屈光检查情况

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.10.020

河南省疾病预防控制中心公共卫生研究所学校与儿少卫生研究室，郑州 450016

详细信息

作者简介:
王丽茹(1974-)，女，黑龙江黑河人，硕士，主管医师，主要从事学校卫生工作

中图分类号: R778.1 G478 R179
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-03-12
- 修回日期: 2021-05-11
- 网络出版日期: 2021-10-25
- 刊出日期: 2021-10-25

Eyeglass prescription and refractive examination of grade 4-6 primary school students in Henan

School and Children's Health Section, Institute of Public Health, Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou(450016), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解河南省四至六年级小学生视力不良、配镜和屈光检查情况，为对学生视力采取精准干预措施和准确评估提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法，抽取河南省17个省辖市29 187名四至六年级学生进行远视力检查和问卷调查。结果四至六年级学生总视力不良检出率为63.6%，女生(69.0%)高于男生(59.0%)，城区学生(65.3%)高于郊县学生(62.5%)(χ²值分别为312.6，23.6，P值均 < 0.01)；重度视力不良检出率为28.5%；随着年级的升高，视力不良和重度视力不良检出率呈上升趋势(χ_趋势²值分别为278.7，775.4，P值均 < 0.01)。13.2%的学生过去1年内没有做过视力检查；视力不良学生戴镜率为27.0%，单眼视力不良学生戴镜率为3.2%；46.8%的戴镜学生配镜前接受了散瞳验光。结论河南省四到六年级学生视力不良问题突出，需要加强视力监测和眼健康教育工作。
- 视力，低 /
- 屈光，眼 /
- 患病率 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To analyze the prevalence of poor vision and eyeglass prescription, refractive examination among primary school students of grade 4-6 in Henan, so as to provide scientific basis for precise interventions for student vision health. Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to investigate a total of 29 187 students of grade 4-6 from 17 cities in Henan Province. Distant vision examination and questionnaire survey were conducted. Results The overall prevalence of poor vision for grade 4-6 students in Henan was 63.6%, with girls (69.0%) higher than boys (59.0%), urban students (65.3%) higher than suburban students (62.5%)(χ²=312.6, 23.6, P < 0.01). The prevalence of severe poor vision was 28.5%.With the increase of grade, the detection rate of poor vision and severe poor vision increased(χ_trend²=278.7, 775.4, P < 0.01). Totally 13.2% of pupil did not have a visual examination in the past year. The rate of wearing glasses was 27.0% for students with poor eyesight and 3.2% for students with poor monocular eyesight. Totally 46.8% of the students wearing glasses received mydriatic optometry before wearing glasses. Conclusion The problem of poor vision among students of grade 4-6 in Henan is prominent, so it is necessary to strengthen eyesight monitoring and eye health education.
- Vision, low /
- Refraction, ocular /
- Prevalence /
- Students

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表 1 不同人口统计学特征小学生视力不良检出情况

Table 1. Detection of poor vision in primary school students with different demographic characteristics

人口统计学指标	选项	人数	统计值	视力不良	重度视力不良
性别	男	15 610		9 208(59.0)	3 954(25.3)
	女	13 577		9 364(69.0)	4 373(32.2)
			χ²值	312.6	168.5
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01
城乡	城区	11 554		7 547(65.3)	3 452(29.9)
	郊县	17 633		11 025(62.5)	4 875(27.6)
			χ²值	23.6	17.0
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01
父母近视情况	均不近视	18 877		10 991(58.2)	4 309(22.8)
	一方近视	7 950		5 733(72.1)	2 913(36.6)
	均近视	2 229		1 753(78.6)	1 067(47.9)
			χ²值	679.1	963.3
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01
年级	四	9 663		5 581(57.8)	1 875(19.4)
	五	9 752		6 221(63.8)	2 793(28.6)
	六	9 772		6 770(69.3)	3 659(37.4)
			χ²值	278.7	775.4
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01
注： ()内数字为检出率/%；部分数据存在缺失值。

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表 2 城乡不同年级小学生1年内视力检查次数分布

Table 2. Distribution of vision examination times of primary school students of different grades in urban and rural areas in one year

城乡	年级	人数	0次	1次	2次	3次	≥4次
城区	四	2 329	249(10.7)	645(27.7)	717(30.8)	344(14.8)	374(16.1)
	五	2 547	263(10.3)	654(25.7)	793(31.1)	362(14.2)	475(18.6)
	六	2 640	263(10.0)	642(24.3)	990(37.5)	354(13.4)	391(14.8)
	小计	7 516	775(10.3)	1 941(25.8)	2 500(33.3)	1 060(14.1)	1 240(16.5)
郊县	四	3 218	531(16.5)	963(29.9)	928(28.8)	413(12.8)	383(11.9)
	五	3 656	545(14.9)	1 026(28.1)	1 125(30.8)	497(13.6)	463(12.7)
	六	4 079	584(14.3)	1 156(28.3)	1 345(33.0)	479(11.7)	515(12.6)
	小计	10 953	1 660(15.2)	3 145(28.7)	3 398(31.0)	1 389(12.7)	1 361(12.4)
合计	四	5 547	780(14.1)	1 608(29.0)	1 645(29.7)	757(13.6)	757(13.6)
	五	6 203	808(13.0)	1 680(27.1)	1 918(30.9)	859(13.8)	938(15.1)
	六	6 719	847(12.6)	1 798(26.8)	2 335(34.8)	833(12.4)	906(13.5)
	总计	18 469	2 435(13.2)	5 086(27.5)	5 898(31.9)	2 449(13.3)	2 601(14.1)
注： ()内数字为构成比/%。

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