某高校大学生自杀意念4年追踪研究

张金健; 陈红

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.10.019

某高校大学生自杀意念4年追踪研究

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.10.019

张金健¹,
陈红^2, ,

1.
中国矿业大学大学生心理健康教育中心, 江苏徐州 221116
2.
江南大学商学院

基金项目:

国家社会科学基金重大项目 16ZDA056

详细信息

作者简介:
张金健(1979-)，女，辽宁铁岭人，在读博士，副教授，主要研究方向为高校心理健康教育

通讯作者:
陈红, E-mail：hongchenxz@163.com

中图分类号: G647.8G444B844.2
计量
- 文章访问数: 573
- HTML全文浏览量: 221
- PDF下载量: 37
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-06-13
- 修回日期: 2021-07-26
- 刊出日期: 2021-10-25

A 4-year follow-up study on suicidal ideation of college students in one university

ZHANG Jinjian¹,
CHEN Hong^{2
, ,}

1.
Mental Health Education Center for College Students, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou(221116), Jiangsu Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探究大学生自杀意念的动态发展变化，为自杀意念的早期预防和干预提供依据。方法整群抽取江苏某高校5 372名大学生为研究对象，使用《中国大学生心理健康筛查量表》中的自杀意图指标进行4年(2016—2019年)追踪调查。结果第1至第4次(T1~T4)调查大学生自杀意念的检出率分别为4.36%，8.99%，7.32%和5.90%，呈现“先升后降”的趋势，T2阶段是拐点，且变化的趋势差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01)。T1阶段女生自杀意念的检出率高于男生(χ²=10.55，P＜0.01)。T1~T2阶段，男生自杀意念检出率的上升速度高于女生，T4阶段男生的检出率超过女生。大城市学生T1~T4阶段自杀意念检出率均高于中小城市、城镇和农村学生，T4阶段差异有统计学意义(χ²=32.11，P＜0.01)。列联表分析发现，前后两个阶段同时有自杀意念的比例在18.63%~35.04%(P值均 < 0.01)；前一个阶段没有自杀意念，后一个阶段有自杀意念的比例在4.48%~7.80%(P值均 < 0.01)。T1~T4阶段都有自杀意念的11人，占总人数的0.20%，占有自杀意念人数的4.70%。结论高校要对自杀意念的重要时段、重点群体做好预防和干预工作，通过多种途径掌握学生的动态信息。
- 自杀 /
- 意识 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To explore the dynamic changes of suicidal ideation in college students, and to provide evidence for the early prevention and intervention of suicidal ideation. Methods A cluster sampling of 5 372 college students from one university in Jiangsu was selected and followed up for four years (2016—2019) using the College Students Mental Health Screening Scale. Results The detection rates of suicidal ideation among college students in the first to four (T1-T4) stages were 4.36%, 8.99%, 7.32%, and 5.90%, respectively, showing decreasing after increasing trend. Stage T2 was the turning point, and the trend of change was significantly different (P < 0.01). The detection rate of suicidal ideation of girls in T1 stage was significantly higher than that of boys (χ²=10.55, P < 0.01). In the T1-T2 stages, the rate of suicidal idea detection among boys increased faster than that of girls, and the rate of boys in T4 stage surpassed that of girls. The detection rate of suicidal ideation in T1-T4 stage of students in big cities was higher than that of students in small and medium-sized cities, towns and rural areas, and the difference in stage T4 was very significant (χ²=32.11, P < 0.01). The contingency table analysis found that the proportion of suicidal ideation at the same time in the two stages before and after was between 18.63%-35.04% (P < 0.01). There was no suicidal ideation in the previous stage, and the proportion of suicidal ideation in the latter stage was between 4.48%-7.80% (P < 0.01). There were 11 participants who had suicidal ideation in the T1-T4 stages, accounting for 0.20% of the total number, and 4.70% of the suicidal ideation number. Conclusion Colleges and universities should pay more attention to suicidal ideation prevention for vulnerable groups in important periods, and grasp the dynamic information of students through a variety of ways.
- Suicide /
- Consciousness /
- Mental health /
- Students

HTML全文

表 1 不同性别区域大学生4次调查时间自杀意念检出率比较

Table 1. Comparison detection rate of suicidal ideation among college students in different groups of 4 survey time

组别	选项	人数	统计值	T1	T2	T3	T4
性别	男	3 728		140(3.76)	332(8.91)	271(7.27)	222(5.95)
	女	1 644		94(5.72)	151(9.18)	122(7.42)	95(5.78)
			χ²值	10.55	0.11	0.04	0.06
			P值	0.00	0.74	0.84	0.81
区域	大城市	470		28(5.96)	49(10.43)	37(7.87)	55(11.70)
	中小城市	1 530		62(4.05)	128(8.37)	110(7.19)	83(5.42)
	城镇	1 208		55(4.55)	110(9.11)	94(7.78)	58(4.80)
	农村	2 164		89(4.11)	196(9.06)	152(7.02)	121(5.59)
			χ²值	3.65	1.94	0.90	32.11
			P值	0.30	0.58	0.83	0.00
注：()内数字为检出率/%。

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 不同阶段大学生自杀意念检出情况的列联表分析

Table 2. Contingency table analysis of detection rate of suicidal ideation of college students at different stages

时间	是否自杀意念	人数	T2		T3		T4
时间	是否自杀意念	人数	是	否	是	否	是	否
T1	是	234	82	152	47	187	47	187
	否	5 138	401	4 737	346	4 792	270	4 868
T2	是	483			90	393	98	385
	否	4 889			303	4 586	219	4 670
T3	是	393					76	317
	否	4 979					241	4 738

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(11)

[1]	World Health Organization. Suicide in the world: global health estimates[EB/OL]. [2019-09-09]. https://www.who.int/publications-detail/suicide-in-the-world.
[2]	杜睿, 江光荣. 自杀行为: 影响因素、理论模型及研究展望[J]. 心理科学进展, 2015, 23(8): 1437-1452. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XLXD201508015.htm DU R, JIANG G R. Suicidal behaviors: risk factor, psychological theory and future research[J]. Adv Psychol Sci, 2015, 23(8): 1437-1452. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XLXD201508015.htm
[3]	黎润新, 陈建梅. 初中生应对方式与自杀意念的关系[J]. 中国健康心理学杂志, 2016, 24(9): 1402-1406. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JKXL201609032.htm LI R X, CHEN J M. A study on the relationship between coping style and suicidal ideation in junior high students[J]. Chin J Health Psychol, 2016, 24(9): 1402-1406. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JKXL201609032.htm
[4]	庄文婷, 李彦鑫, 姜涛, 等. 大学生童年期负性生活事件人格特征与自杀意念关系[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2020, 41(2): 254-257. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2020.02.025 ZHUANG W T, LI Y X, JIANG T, et al. Mediating role of personality in the relationship between adverse childhood life events and suicide ideation among college students[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2020, 41(2): 254-257. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2020.02.025
[5]	方晓义, 袁晓娇, 胡伟, 等. 中国大学生心理健康筛查量表的编制[J]. 心理与行为研究, 2018, 16(1): 111-118. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CLXW201801015.htm FANG X Y, YUAN X J, HU W, et al. Development of Mental Health Screening Scale for Chinese college students[J]. Stud Psychol Behav, 2018, 16(1): 111-118. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CLXW201801015.htm
[6]	宫盛花, 苏骁征, 叶宝娟. 贵州省少数民族大学生心理健康素质培养现状的调查研究: 以苗族、侗族为例[J]. 中国特殊教育, 2011(6): 85-90. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZDTJ201106018.htm GONG S H, SU X Z, YE B J. An investigation into the current mental health training of ethnic minority college students in Guizhou Province[J]. Chin J Spec Educ, 2011(6): 85-90. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZDTJ201106018.htm
[7]	吕素香. 大二低潮现象原因与对策[J]. 中国高等教育, 2015(10): 56-58. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGDJ201510021.htm LYU S X. Causes and countermeasures of sophomore low tide phenomenon[J]. Chin Higher Educ, 2015(10): 56-58. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGDJ201510021.htm
[8]	张旭东. 对大学生挫折形成原因及应对策略的研究[J]. 内蒙古师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2004, 33(2): 13-18. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-NMGS200402002.htm ZHANG X D. Researches into the forming reason for college student' setbacks and the strategy to deal with their setbacks[J]. J Inner Mongol Normal Univ (Philos Soc Sci Edit), 2004, 33(2): 13-18. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-NMGS200402002.htm
[9]	NAZEM S, SIOLEROWF A D, DUDA JE, et al. Suicidal and death ideation in parkincon disease[J]. Movement Dis, 2008, 23(1): 1573-1579. http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sarra_Nazem/publication/227798058_Suicidal_and_death_ideation_in_Parkinson's_disease/links/0deec52a8f8cf7efdd000000.pdf
[10]	王求是, 刘建新, 申荷永. 国外自杀心理学研究与理论评介[J]. 心理科学进展, 2006, 14(1): 105-110. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XLXD200601017.htm WANG Q S, LIU J X, SHEN H Y. Latest introduction to psychological theories of suicide[J]. Adv Psychol Sci, 2006, 14(1): 105-110. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XLXD200601017.htm
[11]	臧宏运, 郑德伟, 郎芳, 等. 山东省有自杀意念大学生的自我接纳在自我效能感与心理韧性间的中介作用[J]. 医学与社会, 2019, 32(8): 89-93. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YXSH201908022.htm ZHANG H Y, ZHENG D W, LANG F, et al. Mediating effects of self acceptance in general self-efficacy and psychological resilience in college students with suicidal ideation in Shandong Province[J]. Med Soc, 2019, 32(8): 89-93. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YXSH201908022.htm