某高校大学生自杀意念4年追踪研究

张金健; 陈红

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.10.019

某高校大学生自杀意念4年追踪研究

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.10.019

张金健¹,
陈红^2, ,

1.
中国矿业大学大学生心理健康教育中心, 江苏徐州 221116
2.
江南大学商学院

基金项目:

国家社会科学基金重大项目 16ZDA056

详细信息

作者简介:
张金健(1979-)，女，辽宁铁岭人，在读博士，副教授，主要研究方向为高校心理健康教育

通讯作者:
陈红, E-mail：hongchenxz@163.com

中图分类号: G647.8G444B844.2
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-06-13
- 修回日期: 2021-07-26
- 刊出日期: 2021-10-25

A 4-year follow-up study on suicidal ideation of college students in one university

ZHANG Jinjian¹,
CHEN Hong^{2
, ,}

1.
Mental Health Education Center for College Students, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou(221116), Jiangsu Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探究大学生自杀意念的动态发展变化，为自杀意念的早期预防和干预提供依据。方法整群抽取江苏某高校5 372名大学生为研究对象，使用《中国大学生心理健康筛查量表》中的自杀意图指标进行4年(2016—2019年)追踪调查。结果第1至第4次(T1~T4)调查大学生自杀意念的检出率分别为4.36%，8.99%，7.32%和5.90%，呈现“先升后降”的趋势，T2阶段是拐点，且变化的趋势差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01)。T1阶段女生自杀意念的检出率高于男生(χ²=10.55，P＜0.01)。T1~T2阶段，男生自杀意念检出率的上升速度高于女生，T4阶段男生的检出率超过女生。大城市学生T1~T4阶段自杀意念检出率均高于中小城市、城镇和农村学生，T4阶段差异有统计学意义(χ²=32.11，P＜0.01)。列联表分析发现，前后两个阶段同时有自杀意念的比例在18.63%~35.04%(P值均 < 0.01)；前一个阶段没有自杀意念，后一个阶段有自杀意念的比例在4.48%~7.80%(P值均 < 0.01)。T1~T4阶段都有自杀意念的11人，占总人数的0.20%，占有自杀意念人数的4.70%。结论高校要对自杀意念的重要时段、重点群体做好预防和干预工作，通过多种途径掌握学生的动态信息。
- 自杀 /
- 意识 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To explore the dynamic changes of suicidal ideation in college students, and to provide evidence for the early prevention and intervention of suicidal ideation. Methods A cluster sampling of 5 372 college students from one university in Jiangsu was selected and followed up for four years (2016—2019) using the College Students Mental Health Screening Scale. Results The detection rates of suicidal ideation among college students in the first to four (T1-T4) stages were 4.36%, 8.99%, 7.32%, and 5.90%, respectively, showing decreasing after increasing trend. Stage T2 was the turning point, and the trend of change was significantly different (P < 0.01). The detection rate of suicidal ideation of girls in T1 stage was significantly higher than that of boys (χ²=10.55, P < 0.01). In the T1-T2 stages, the rate of suicidal idea detection among boys increased faster than that of girls, and the rate of boys in T4 stage surpassed that of girls. The detection rate of suicidal ideation in T1-T4 stage of students in big cities was higher than that of students in small and medium-sized cities, towns and rural areas, and the difference in stage T4 was very significant (χ²=32.11, P < 0.01). The contingency table analysis found that the proportion of suicidal ideation at the same time in the two stages before and after was between 18.63%-35.04% (P < 0.01). There was no suicidal ideation in the previous stage, and the proportion of suicidal ideation in the latter stage was between 4.48%-7.80% (P < 0.01). There were 11 participants who had suicidal ideation in the T1-T4 stages, accounting for 0.20% of the total number, and 4.70% of the suicidal ideation number. Conclusion Colleges and universities should pay more attention to suicidal ideation prevention for vulnerable groups in important periods, and grasp the dynamic information of students through a variety of ways.
- Suicide /
- Consciousness /
- Mental health /
- Students

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表 1 不同性别区域大学生4次调查时间自杀意念检出率比较

Table 1. Comparison detection rate of suicidal ideation among college students in different groups of 4 survey time

组别	选项	人数	统计值	T1	T2	T3	T4
性别	男	3 728		140(3.76)	332(8.91)	271(7.27)	222(5.95)
	女	1 644		94(5.72)	151(9.18)	122(7.42)	95(5.78)
			χ²值	10.55	0.11	0.04	0.06
			P值	0.00	0.74	0.84	0.81
区域	大城市	470		28(5.96)	49(10.43)	37(7.87)	55(11.70)
	中小城市	1 530		62(4.05)	128(8.37)	110(7.19)	83(5.42)
	城镇	1 208		55(4.55)	110(9.11)	94(7.78)	58(4.80)
	农村	2 164		89(4.11)	196(9.06)	152(7.02)	121(5.59)
			χ²值	3.65	1.94	0.90	32.11
			P值	0.30	0.58	0.83	0.00
注：()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 2 不同阶段大学生自杀意念检出情况的列联表分析

Table 2. Contingency table analysis of detection rate of suicidal ideation of college students at different stages

时间	是否自杀意念	人数	T2		T3		T4
时间	是否自杀意念	人数	是	否	是	否	是	否
T1	是	234	82	152	47	187	47	187
	否	5 138	401	4 737	346	4 792	270	4 868
T2	是	483			90	393	98	385
	否	4 889			303	4 586	219	4 670
T3	是	393					76	317
	否	4 979					241	4 738

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