开封市中学生抑郁状况及影响因素分析

陈咏梅; 范明明

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.10.018

开封市中学生抑郁状况及影响因素分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.10.018

河南省开封市疾病预防控制中心学校卫生科, 475000

详细信息

作者简介:
陈咏梅(1975-), 女, 河南开封人, 大学本科, 副主任医师, 主要研究方向为学校卫生

中图分类号: G444 B844.2 G478
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- 文章访问数: 685
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- PDF下载量: 64
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-01-07
- 修回日期: 2021-03-18
- 网络出版日期: 2021-10-25
- 刊出日期: 2021-10-25

Analysis of depressive symptoms and associated factors among middle school students in Kaifeng City

School Health Department, Kaifeng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kaifeng(475000), Henan Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析开封市中学生抑郁现况及其影响因素，为中学生的抑郁防控提供依据。方法 2019年9—10月，采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法，在开封市随机抽取4 058名初、高中学生，使用抑郁量表(CES-D)对其进行问卷调查。结果开封市中学生抑郁症状检出率为14.51%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果，高年级学生患抑郁风险高于低年级学生(OR=1.47)，因病请假、因病休学、受到严重伤害、受到校园欺凌、有打架行为、遭受家庭暴力、吸烟和网络成瘾均与抑郁症状呈相正关(OR值分别是1.37，1.67，1.91，2.69，1.65，2.29，1.47，2.58，P值均 < 0.05)。此外，打架行为和吸烟的交互作用对中学生抑郁症检出存在影响。结论中学生抑郁与年级、家庭和校园环境均密切相关。应建立良好的家庭氛围，改善不良的校园环境，减少生活中的不良事件，从而减少中学生抑郁症状的发生。
- 抑郁 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To understand the prevalence and influencing factors of depressive of middle school students in Kaifeng City, and to provide evidence for the prevention and control of depressive symptoms among middle school students. Methods A multistage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 4 058 middle school students in Kaifeng City from September to November 2019. A questionnaire survey was conducted using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Results The prevalence of depressive symptoms among middle school students in Kaifeng City was 14.51%. The results of multivariable Logistic analysis showed that the risk of depressive symptoms in high school students was significantly higher than that of middle school students(OR=1.47). Call in sick, leaving school due to illness, serious injury, school bullying, fighting, domestic violence, smoking and internet addiction were positively associated with depressive symptoms(OR=1.37, 1.67, 1.91, 2.69, 1.65, 2.29, 1.47, 2.58, P < 0.05). In addition, the interaction of fighting and smoking was associated with more depressive symptoms in middle school students. Conclusion The depression of middle school students is closely related to grade, family and campus environment. Developing a positive family and school environment, preventing adverse events in daily life are necessary measures to reduce the risk of depression symptoms for students.
- Depression /
- Mental health /
- Regression analysis /
- Students

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表 1 不同人口统计学特征中学生抑郁症状检出率比较

Table 1. Comparison of detection rate of depressive symptoms among middle school students with different characteristics

人口统计学指标	选项	人数	抑郁症状人数	χ²值	P值
性别	男	2 000	280(14.00)	0.84	0.36
	女	2 058	309(15.01)
年级	初中	1 987	256(12.88)	8.35	< 0.01
	高中	2 071	333(16.08)
是否因病请假	否	3 764	526(13.97)	12.21	< 0.01
	是	294	63(21.43)
是否因病休学	否	3 908	550(14.07)	17.32	< 0.01
	是	148	39(26.35)
是否超重/肥胖	否	2 925	418(14.29)	0.42	0.52
	是	1 133	171(15.09)
是否受到严重伤害	否	3 780	515(13.62)	35.64	< 0.01
	是	277	74(26.71)
是否受到校园欺凌	否	3 986	558(14.00)	48.12	< 0.01
	是	72	31(43.06)
是否有打架行为	否	3 616	478(13.21)	45.57	< 0.01
	是	440	111(25.23)
是否遭受家庭暴力	否	3 678	478(13.00)	74.50	< 0.01
	是	377	111(29.44)
吸烟	否	3 473	455(13.10)	37.75	< 0.01
	是	584	133(22.77)
饮酒	否	2 775	345(12.43)	31.37	< 0.01
	是	1 277	244(19.11)
网络成瘾	否	3 971	558(14.05)	31.95	< 0.01
	是	87	31(35.63)
注：()内数字为检出率/%；部分数据存在缺失值。

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表 2 中学生抑郁症状检出率影响因素的Logistic回归分析(n=4 058)

Table 2. Logistic regression analysis of influencing factors on detection rate of depressive symptoms in middle school students (n=4 058)

自变量	选项	β值	OR值(OR值95%CI)	Wald χ²值	P值
年级	初中		1.00	15.99	< 0.01
	高中	0.39	1.47 (1.22~1.78)
是否因病请假	否		1.00	4.03	0.04
	是	0.32	1.37 (1.01~1.87)
是否因病休学	否		1.00	6.26	0.01
	是	0.51	1.67 (1.12~2.50)
是否受到严重伤害	否		1.00	18.64	< 0.01
	是	0.65	1.91 (1.43~2.57)
是否受到校园欺凌	否		1.00	14.46	< 0.01
	是	0.99	2.69 (1.62~4.49)
是否有打架行为	否		1.00	13.77	< 0.01
	是	0.50	1.65 (1.27~2.14)
是否遭受家庭暴力	否		1.00	38.11	< 0.01
	是	0.83	2.29 (1.76~2.97)
吸烟	否		1.00	10.64	< 0.01
	是	0.38	1.47 (1.17~1.85)
网络成瘾	否		1.00	15.12	< 0.01
	是	0.95	2.58 (1.60~4.15)

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