大连市中学生遭受校园欺凌现状及影响因素分析

王润南; 李瑞; 王智勇; 宋桂荣; 张红亚; 章吉威; 雷芳; 燕春婷; 刘启贵

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.10.016

大连市中学生遭受校园欺凌现状及影响因素分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.10.016

1.
大连医科大学公共卫生学院卫生统计学教研室, 辽宁 116044
2.
大连市疾病预防控制中心食品学校卫生所

基金项目:

2018年大连市科技创新基金项目 2018J13SN108

详细信息

作者简介:
王润南(1995-), 男, 河南驻马店人, 在读硕士, 主要研究方向为青少年健康管理

通讯作者:
刘启贵, E-mail: liuqiguidl@163.com

中图分类号: G478 G444
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- 文章访问数: 703
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-01-12
- 修回日期: 2021-02-16
- 网络出版日期: 2021-10-25
- 刊出日期: 2021-10-25

Campus bullying victimization and its influencing factors among middle school students in Dalian

1.
Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian(116044), Liaoning Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的描述大连市中学生校园欺凌行为现状及影响因素, 为提出减少和防止校园欺凌行为发生的方法提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样法抽取大连市城乡中学生, 共对2 540名中学生进行校园欺凌及相关因素问卷调查。结果大连中学生遭受校园欺凌报告率为25.11%;男生遭受躯体欺凌(5.99%)、言语欺凌(24.93%)报告率均高于女生(3.66%, 15.87%)(χ²值分别为6.56, 27.94, P值均 < 0.05);初中学生遭受言语欺凌(22.84%)、情感忽视(16.84%)报告率均高于高中学生(16.25%, 13.18%)(χ²值分别为14.21, 5.44, P值均 < 0.05);农村学生遭受躯体欺凌(6.07%)、言语欺凌(24.58%)、情感忽视(18.88%)报告率均高于城镇学生(3.55%, 16.05%, 12.06%)(χ²值分别为7.72, 24.81, 19.64, P值均 < 0.05)。男生、初中生、农村学生较女生、高中生、城市学生遭受校园欺凌程度更严重(Z值分别为3.46, 3.75, 5.89, P值均 < 0.01)。结构方程模型显示, 学习成绩(路径系数为-0.003)及父亲文化程度(路径系数为-0.004)对校园欺凌行为有直接作用, 母亲文化程度(间接作用系数-0.000 8)、身高(间接作用系数-0.000 3)、父亲文化程度(间接作用系数-0.000 3)、体重(间接作用系数0.000 2)均通过学习成绩对校园欺凌行为产生间接作用。结论大连市中学生校园欺凌行为发生率较高, 农村学生、初中学生、男生较易发生校园欺凌行为, 是重点的防控人群。提高学生学习成绩是降低校园欺凌行为的有利手段。
- 暴力 /
- 行为 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 模型, 结构 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To describe bullying victimization of middle school students in Dalian and associated factors, so as to provide scientific basis for campus bullying prevention. Methods The stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 2 540 middle school students from urban and rural areas in Dalian, who were investigated with campus bullying victimization and related factors. Results The reported rate of campus bullying victimization among middle school students in Dalian was 25.11%. The rates of physical violence (5.99%, 3.66%) and verbal violence(24.93%, 15.87%) of male students were higher than that of female students(χ²=6.56, 27.94, P < 0.05). The rates of verbal violence (22.84%, 16.25%) and emotional neglect(16.84%, 13.18%) of junior high school students were higher than those of high school students(χ²=14.21, 5.44, P < 0.05). The rates of physical violence(6.07%, 3.55%), verbal violence(24.58%, 16.05%) and emotional neglect(18.88%, 12.06%) of rural students were higher than those of urban students(χ²=7.72, 24.81, 19.64, P < 0.05). Male students, junior high school students and rural students suffered more severe campus bullying than female students, high school students and urban students(Z=3.46, 3.75, 5.89, P < 0.01). The structural equation model showed that academic performance (path coefficient -0.003) and father's education (path coefficient -0.004) have a direct negative effect on campus bullying behavior, while mother's education (indirect action coefficient -0.000 8), height(indirect action coefficient -0.000 3), father's education (indirect action coefficient -0.000 3) and weight (indirect action coefficient 0.000 2) indirect effects on campus bullying through academic performance. Conclusion The prevalence of campus bullying victimization among middle school students in Dalian is relatively high, which worths further attention to. Rural students, junior high school students and boys are more likely to suffer campus bullying. Improving academic performance might be beneficial for campus bullying prevention.
- Violence /
- Behavior /
- Mental health /
- Models, structural /
- Students

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图 1 中学生校园欺凌影响因素的结构方程模型(n=2 198)

Figure 1. Structural equation modeling of school bullying in middle school students(n=2 198)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 不同人口学特征中学生遭受校园欺凌报告率比较

Table 1. Comparison of middle school bullying with different demographic characteristics

人口学指标		人数	统计值	遭受欺凌	躯体欺凌	言语欺凌	情感忽视
性别	男	1 051		300(28.54)	63(5.99)	262(24.93)	156(14.84)
	女	1 147		252(21.97)	42(3.66)	182(15.87)	182(15.87)
			χ²值	12.60	6.56	27.94	0.44
			P值	< 0.01	0.01	< 0.01	0.51
学段	初中	1 318		367(27.85)	72(5.46)	301(22.84)	222(16.84)
	高中	880		185(21.02)	33(3.75)	143(16.25)	116(13.18)
			χ²值	13.06	3.40	14.21	5.44
			P值	< 0.01	0.07	< 0.01	0.02
城乡	城市	1 128		223(19.77)	40(3.55)	181(16.05)	136(12.06)
	农村	1 070		329(30.75)	65(6.07)	263(24.58)	202(18.88)
			χ²值	35.19	7.72	24.81	19.64
			P值	< 0.01	0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
合计		2 198		552(25.11)	105(4.78)	444(20.20)	338(15.38)
注：()内数字为报告率/%。

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 不同人口统计学特征中学生遭受校园欺凌严重程度比较

Table 2. The severity of middle school bullying with different demographic characteristics

人口统计学指标		人数	0种	1种	2种	3种	4种	5种	6种	Z值	P值
性别	男	1 051	751(71.46)	143(13.61)	84(7.99)	40(3.81)	11(1.05)	9(0.86)	13(1.24)	3.46	< 0.01
	女	1 147	895(78.03)	113(9.85)	80(6.97)	34(2.96)	15(1.31)	2(0.17)	8(0.70)
学段	初中	1 318	951(72.15)	165(12.52)	109(8.27)	51(3.87)	18(1.37)	9(0.68)	15(1.14)	3.75	< 0.01
	高中	880	695(78.98)	91(10.34)	55(6.25)	23(2.61)	8(0.91)	2(0.23)	6(0.68)
城乡	城市	1 128	905(80.23)	104(9.22)	68(6.03)	27(2.39)	10(0.89)	7(0.62)	7(0.62)	5.89	< 0.01
	农村	1 070	741(69.25)	152(14.21)	96(8.97)	47(4.39)	16(1.50)	4(0.37)	14(1.31)
注：()内数字为构成比/%。

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 中学生校园欺凌结构方程模型中的路径系数

Table 3. Path coefficients in the structural equation modeling of middle school school bullying

路径	估计值	标准误	CR值	P值
身高评价得分→学习成绩评价得分	0.10	0.03	3.96	< 0.01
体重评价得分→学习成绩评价得分	-0.06	0.03	-2.19	0.03
母亲文化程度→学习成绩评价得分	0.26	0.03	9.97	< 0.01
父亲文化程度→学习成绩评价得分	0.11	0.04	2.88	0.00
身高评价得分→校园欺凌得分对数值	-0.00	0.00	-1.64	0.10
父亲文化程度→校园欺凌得分对数值	-0.00	0.00	-1.95	0.05
学习成绩评价得分→校园欺凌得分对数值	-0.00	0.00	-2.11	0.04

下载: 导出CSV

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