学龄前角色转换期大孩与独生子女情绪行为问题比较

吴文懿; 刘琴; 李月月; 方波; 盛露露; 周源柯; 席璇; 张琴

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.10.006

学龄前角色转换期大孩与独生子女情绪行为问题比较

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.10.006

重庆医科大学公共卫生与管理学院医学与社会发展研究中心/健康领域社会风险预测治理协同创新中心，重庆 400016

基金项目:

重庆市教委科学技术研究项目 KJQN201800425

详细信息

作者简介:
吴文懿(1997-)，男，四川成都人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为流行病与卫生统计学

通讯作者:
刘琴，E-mail：liuqin81622@163.com

中图分类号: R179 G617.9
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-03-25
- 修回日期: 2021-04-26
- 网络出版日期: 2021-10-25
- 刊出日期: 2021-10-25

Comparison of emotional and behavioral problems between preschool firstborn children across the transition to siblinghood and the only children

School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development Chongqing, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing (400016), China

摘要

摘要: 目的比较重庆市某城区学龄前角色转换期大孩与独生子女的情绪行为特征。方法数据来源于一项有关角色转换期大孩的队列研究，分别从重庆市主城某区的两家医院和19所幼儿园招募882名大孩[(3.58±1.25)岁]和329名独生子女[(3.98±1.02)岁]作为研究对象，并由其母亲填写1.5~5岁儿童行为量表父母版(CBCL)和自编问卷。结果大孩和独生子女的整体情绪行为问题得分分别为(25.17±18.82)和(31.75±18.64)分。秩和检验结果显示，大孩在各维度、内外化行为问题和整体情绪行为问题的得分均低于独生子女(P值均＜0.05)。χ²检验结果显示，在内、外化行为问题和整体情绪行为问题的检出率方面，独生子女(12.77%，13.07%，14.59%)均高于大孩(8.28%，8.28%，8.16%)(χ²值分别为5.62，6.36，11.09，P值均＜0.05)。多重线性回归结果显示，在调整了儿童年龄、性别、家庭经济压力、气质类型、家庭氛围以及家庭类型等变量后，独生子女在内化问题、外化问题和整体问题的得分均仍然高于大孩(B值分别为1.54，2.32，6.81，P值均＜0.05)。结论学龄前角色转换期大孩整体情绪行为问题较独生子女少，且大孩各类情绪行为问题得分和检出率均低于独生子女。
- 情绪 /
- 行为 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 独生子女 /
- 回归分析 /
- 儿童, 学龄前
Abstract: Objective To compare the emotional and behavioral characteristics of preschool firstborn children across the transition to siblinghood with the only children in a district of Chongqing. Methods Data were derived from a cohort study on firstborn children transition to siblinghood. Totally 882 firstborn children (3.58±1.25) years old and 329 only children (3.98±1.02) years old were recruited from two hospitals and 19 kindergartens in a district of Chongqing, respectively. Their mothers filled out the parental version of Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and self-designed questionnaire. Results The overall scores of emotional and behavioral problems of firstborn children and only children were (25.17±18.82) and (31.75±18.64). The results of rank sum test showed that the scores of the firstborn children in all dimensions, internalizing and externalizing behavior problems and overall emotional and behavioral problems were lower than those of the only children (P < 0.05). Chi-square test results showed that the detection rates of internalizing, externalizing and overall emotional behavior problems in only children(12.77%, 13.07%, 14.59%) were higher than those in firstborn children(8.28%, 8.28%, 8.16%) (χ²=5.62, 6.36, 11.09, P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression showed that after adjusting for age, gender, family economic pressure, temperament type of children, family atmosphere and family type, the scores of internalizing problems, externalizing problems and overall problems of the only children were still higher than those of the firstborn children (B=1.54, 2.32, 6.81, P < 0.05). Conclusion The firstborn children across the transition to siblinghood show less emotional and behavioral problems than the only children, and the scores and detection rates of all types of emotional and behavioral problems of the firstborn children are lower than those of the only children.
- Emotions /
- Behavior /
- Mental health /
- Only child /
- Regression anaylsis /
- Child, preschool

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表 1 基本人口学特征分布在大孩与独生子女间比较

Table 1. Comparison of basic demographic characteristics between the firstborn children and the only child

人口统计学指标	类别	大孩(n=882)	独生子女(n=329)	χ²值	P值
性别	男	397(45.11)	182(55.32)	9.99	＜0.01
	女	483(54.89)	147(44.68)
家庭类型	核心家庭	137(15.64)	114(34.65)	52.42	＜0.01
	大家庭	739(84.36)	215(65.35)
气质类型	容易抚养型	820(93.61)	291(88.45)	9.29	0.01
	抚养困难型	33(3.77)	20(6.08)
	发展缓慢型	23(2.63)	18(5.47)
家庭年收入/元	＜12 000	274(32.39)	60(18.24)
	12 001~24 000	333(39.36)	116(35.26)	43.83	＜0.01
	24 001~36 000	138(16.31)	77(23.40)
	＞36 000	101(11.94)	76(23.10)
家庭氛围	很和谐	284(32.27)	75(22.80)
	比较和谐	527(59.89)	217(65.96)	11.84	＜0.01
	一般	69(7.84)	37(11.25)
家庭经济压力	没有	23(2.61)	22(6.69)	49.56	＜0.01
	较小	128(14.55)	88(26.75)
	中等	456(51.82)	145(44.07)
	较大	251(28.52)	57(17.33)
	很大	22(2.50)	17(5.17)
父母关系	很好	500(56.69)	185(56.23)	4.25	0.12
	比较好	319(36.17)	109(33.13)
	一般	63(7.14)	35(10.64)
注： ()内数字为构成比/%；有2名研究对象的性别、家庭氛围及家庭经济压力信息缺失，6名研究对象家庭类型及气质类型信息缺失，36名家庭年收入信息缺失；核心家庭为仅夫妻两人和未婚孩子，大家庭为祖孙三代或与其他亲戚同住。

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表 2 大孩与独生子女情绪行为异常检出率比较

Table 2. Comparison of the detection rate of abnormal emotional behavior for the firstborn children and the only children

组别	人数	情绪反应	睡眠问题	躯体主诉	焦虑抑郁	注意力问题	退缩	攻击性行为	内化问题	外化问题	整体问题
大孩	882	21(2.38)	21(2.38)	21(2.38)	18(2.04)	8(0.91)	19(2.15)	23(2.61)	73(8.28)	73(8.28)	72(8.16)
独生子女	329	9(2.74)	10(3.04)	14(4.26)	11(3.34)	5(1.52)	10(3.04)	13(3.95)	42(12.77)	43(13.07)	48(14.59)
合计	1 211	30(2.48)	31(2.56)	35(2.89)	29(2.39)	13(1.07)	29(2.39)	36(2.97)	115(9.50)	116(9.58)	120(9.91)
χ²值		0.13	0.42	3.00	1.74	0.85	0.80	1.50	5.62	6.36	11.09
P值		0.72	0.52	0.08	0.19	0.36	0.37	0.22	0.02	0.01	0.00
注： ()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 3 大孩与独生子女CBCL量表得分比较(x ±s)

Table 3. Comparision of the results of CBCL scores between the firstborn children and the only children(x ±s)

组别	人数	情绪反应	睡眠问题	躯体主诉	焦虑抑郁	注意力问题	退缩	攻击性行为	内化问题	外化问题	整体问题
大孩	882	1.48±1.85	2.35±2.10	1.73±1.84	2.36±2.01	2.08±1.75	1.65±1.82	6.58±5.35	7.22±6.24	8.66±6.61	25.17±18.82
独生子女	329	1.67±1.85	3.11±2.13	2.04±1.99	3.00±2.02	2.72±1.79	2.16±1.90	8.10±5.27	8.87±6.32	10.82±6.52	31.75±18.64
合计	1 211	1.53±1.85	2.55±2.13	1.81±1.89	2.54±2.03	2.25±1.78	1.79±1.85	6.99±5.37	7.67±6.30	9.24±6.65	26.95±18.99
Z值		-2.00	-6.05	-2.75	-5.36	-5.71	-4.99	-4.73	-4.80	-5.34	-5.80
P值		＜0.05	＜0.01	＜0.05	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01

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