School physician in primary and secondary schools in Yichang of Hubei Province during 2019-2020
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摘要:
目的 分析2019—2020年湖北省宜昌市中小学校校医的配备状况, 为加强中小学校医队伍建设提供参考依据。 方法 于2019年11月及2020年11月, 两年分别从湖北省宜昌市6个市辖区中随机抽取149和102所中小学校调查学校的校医配备情况。 结果 校医配备率由2019年的39.6%上升到2020年的65.7%。两年中, 中心城区及边缘城区的校医配备率均有所增长, 边缘城区的增长幅度较高, 由29.9%增长到75.0%。中心城区及边缘城区的校医配备人数均有所增长, 中心城区的人数增长更为明显, 由38人增长到96人。分别于2019和2020年抽查了93, 141名校医, 调查显示中小学校医接受知识的培训率多在90%以上, 2020年有74.5%的校医文化程度为本科及以上, 但在职称、医学背景等方面有待提高。 结论 宜昌市中小学校医的配备状况总体发展良好, 校医配备比例明显提高。但是校医配备的数量与质量还有进步的空间, 专业素养有待提高。未来的重心应向边缘城区偏移, 使数量与质量达到平衡。 Abstract:Objective To understand school physician in primary and secondary schools in Yichang City, Hubei Province from 2019 to 2020, and to provide a reference for strengthening the school physician team in primary and secondary schools. Methods 149 and 102 primary and secondary schools from 6 municipal districts in Yichang City, Hubei Province, were randomly selected in November 2019 and November 2020, respectively, and were administered by questionnaire survey. Results The proportion of school physicians increased from 39.6% in 2019 to 65.7% in 2020. In the past two years, the equipment rate of school physician in both central and fringe urban areas increased, especially the fringe urban areas, number of school physician increased from 38 to 96. A total of 93 and 141 school physicians were selected to pariticipate in questionaire survey in 2019 and 2020 respectively. The survey showed that more than 90% of school physicians in primary and secondary schools in Yichang received training, and 74.5% had college education level. However, most of them lack professional qualification and medical background. Conclusion School physician of primary and secondary of Yichang is well-development over the past two years, and the proportion substantially increased. However, there is still room for improvement in the quantity and quality of school physicians, and professional qualification needs to be improved. More attention should be paid to the marginal urban areas to achieve a balance between quantity and quality. 1) 王雯靖和刘继恒为共同第一作者。 -
表 1 宜昌市不同学生人数中小学校2019—2020年校医配备情况
Table 1. The distribution of school physicians in primary and secondary schools with different numbers of students in Yichang City from 2019 to 2020
学段 学生人数 2019 2020 学校数 配备校医数 学校数 配备校医数 小学 <600 33 7(21.2) 18 10(55.6) 600~1 000 27 7(25.9) 18 8(44.5) 1 001~3 000 31 12(38.7) 23 17(73.9) > 3 000 0 0 0 0 中学 < 600 24 9(37.5) 13 8(61.5) 600~1 000 21 14(66.7) 15 11(73.3) 1 001~3 000 13 12(92.3) 13 11(84.6) > 3 000 0 0 2 2(100.0) 合计 < 600 57 16(28.1) 31 18(58.1) 600~1 000 48 21(43.8) 33 19(57.6) 1 001~3 000 44 24(54.5) 36 28(77.8) > 3 000 0 0 2 2(100.0) 注： ( )内数字为配备率/%。 
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表 2 宜昌市2019—2020年中小学校医的基本情况
Table 2. The basic situation of primary and secondary school physicians in Yichang City from 2019 to 2020
年份 选项 校医人数 本科以上学历 医学院校毕业 具备医师资格 中级及以上卫生职称 学校卫生相关培训 食物中毒培训 传染病培训 安全事故培训 学生常见病培训 健康教育相关培训 2019 小学 33 15(45.5) 24(72.7) 7(21.2) 9(40.9) 33(100.0) 28(84.9) 33(100.0) 28(84.9) 33(100.0) 33(100.0) 中学 60 19(31.7) 48(80.0) 23(38.3) 26(43.3) 59(98.3) 54(90.0) 59(98.3) 54(90.0) 59(98.3) 58(96.7) 合计 93 34(36.6) 72(77.4) 30(32.3) 35(37.6) 92(98.9) 82(88.2) 92(98.9) 82(88.2) 92(98.9) 91(97.8) 2020 小学 80 66(82.5) 51(63.8) 24(30.0) 26(32.5) 80(100.0) 73(91.3) 80(100.0) 73(91.3) 80(100.0) 80(100.0) 中学 61 39(63.9) 47(77.0) 28(45.9) 23(33.7) 61(100.0) 57(93.4) 61(100.0) 57(93.4) 61(100.0) 61(100.0) 合计 141 105(74.5) 98(69.5) 52(36.9) 49(39.8) 141(100.0) 130(92.2) 141(100.0) 130(92.2) 141(100.0) 141(100.0) 注： ( )内数字为报告率/%。
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