哈尔滨市儿童六龄齿现状及家长知晓情况

赵宇; 王海越; 郝春秀; 张晓丹; 袁杰

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.09.029

哈尔滨市儿童六龄齿现状及家长知晓情况

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.09.029

哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院口腔医学院预防保健科, 黑龙江 150001

基金项目:

中央财政重大公共卫生项目 2016/005000001

详细信息

作者简介:
赵宇(1993-)，女，内蒙古人，硕士，医师，主要从事口腔预防保健工作

通讯作者:
袁杰，E-mail：dryuanjie@163.com

中图分类号: R193 R788
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-11-06
- 修回日期: 2021-01-07
- 网络出版日期: 2021-09-24
- 刊出日期: 2021-09-24

Current status and parental awareness regarding children's first permanent molar in Harbin

Department of Oral Preventive Health Care, Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Harbin Medical University, Harbin(150001), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解哈尔滨市儿童六龄齿现状及家长对六龄齿和窝沟封闭的了解程度及影响因素, 为预防六龄齿患龋及提高窝沟封闭普及力度提供新的思路。方法 2019年10月依托中国儿童口腔疾病综合干预项目, 对哈尔滨市11 540名儿童进行口腔检查并对家长发放问卷。结果哈尔滨市6~11岁儿童六龄齿平均患龋率为37.72%, 萌出率为86.98%, 窝沟封闭率为36.93%。16.8%的家长知道六龄齿萌出时间, 35.33%的家长不认识六龄齿。19.39%的家长知道儿童做窝沟封闭的时间, 没听说过窝沟封闭的家长占32.77%。家长不认识六龄齿及窝沟封闭的儿童患龋率较高(35.33%, 32.77%)。高收入、高文化水平和城市家长窝沟封闭知识知晓率较高(χ²值分别为98.35, 192.16, 172.31, P值均 < 0.05)。结论哈尔滨学龄儿童六龄齿患龋率较高, 家长六龄齿和窝沟封闭知晓率较低; 应针对家长群体加大口腔健康知识的宣教工作力度。
- 口腔卫生 /
- 龋齿 /
- 患病率 /
- 磨牙 /
- 法定监护人 /
- 儿童
Abstract: Objective To understand current status of children's first permanent molar in Harbin, to investigate parental awareness regarding children's first permanent molar as well as Pit-and-Fissure sealant, and to provide new ideas for caries prevention in the first permanent molar and Pit-and-Fissure sealant. Methods In October 2019, 11 540 children in the region were examined and their parents were given questionnaires. Results The prevalence of dental caries was 37.72%. The DMFT was 1.11, the germination rate was 86.98%, and Pit-and-Fissure sealants rate was 36.93%. About 16.8% of the parents were aware of the eruption time of first permanent molar, and 35.33% didn't know first permanent molar, 19.39% of the parents had a clear understanding of Pit-and-Fissure sealants time and 32.77% of the parents were not aware of Pit-and-Fissure sealants. The prevalence of caries was higher in children (35.55%, 32.77%) whose parents did not know the first permanent molar and the pit and fissure sealants.High income level, high education level and urban parents had a higher degree of knowledge about fossa closure(χ²=98.35, 192.16, 172.31, P < 0.05). Conclusion Prevalence of dental caries is higher in children in Harbin, and the awareness of Pit-and-Fissure sealants is lower in parents. Relevant organizations should strengthen the publicity and education of oral health knowledge for parents.
- Oral hygiene /
- Dental caries /
- Prevalence /
- Molar /
- Legal guardians /
- Child

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表 1 不同年龄及性别儿童六龄齿萌出、窝沟封闭及患龋率比较

Table 1. The eruption and pit and fissure sealing and caries rate of the first permanent molar in different age and sex

年龄/岁	性别	人数	萌出				窝沟封闭			患龋
年龄/岁	性别	人数	初萌人数	全萌人数	χ²值	P值	窝沟封闭人数	χ²值	P值	患龋人数	χ²值	P值
6	男	728	213(29.26)	52(7.14)	15.61	0.00	39(5.36)	8.49	< 0.01	58(7.97)	9.93	< 0.01
	女	716	215(30.03)	119(16.62)			67(9.36)			109(15.22)
	合计	1 444	428(29.64)	171(11.84)			106(7.34)			167(11.57)
7	男	1 292	312(24.15)	668(51.70)	12.30	< 0.01	251(19.43)	24.11	< 0.01	295(22.83)	1.36	0.24
	女	1 207	241(19.97)	744(61.64)			335(27.75)			367(30.41)
	合计	2 499	553(22.13)	1 412(56.50)			586(23.45)			662(26.49)
8	男	1 164	119(10.22)	991(85.14)	0.97	0.32	452(38.83)	0.37	0.54	478(41.07)	1.61	0.20
	女	1 054	82(7.78)	932(88.43)			396(37.57)			482(45.73)
	合计	2 218	201(9.06)	1 923(86.70)			848(38.23)			960(43.28)
9	男	1 166	31(2.66)	1 128(96.74)	3.98	0.05	575(49.31)	0.55	0.46	484(41.51)	2.26	0.13
	女	1 037	23(2.22)	999(96.34)			495(47.73)			544(52.46)
	合计	2 203	54(2.45)	2 127(96.55)			1 070(48.57)			1 028(46.66)
10	男	1 223	9(0.74)	1 213(99.18)	1.23	0.27	670(54.78)	1.16	0.28	519(42.44)	14.51	< 0.01
	女	1 098	6 (0.55)	1 089(99.18)			577(52.55)			578(52.64)
	合计	2 321	15(0.65)	2 302(99.18)			1 247(53.73)			1 097(47.26)
11	男	481	1(0.21)	477(99.17)	2.34	0.13	238(49.48)	1.97	0.16	227(47.19)	0.27	0.60
	女	374	0	374(100.00)			167(44.65)			212(56.68)
	合计	855	1(0.12)	851(99.53)			405(47.37)			439(51.35)
注：初萌表示六龄齿已破龈而未达到咬合平面，全萌表示六龄齿高度已达到咬合平面；( )内数字为百分率或患龋率/%。

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表 2 各年龄不同性别儿童六龄齿各牙位患龋率/%

Table 2. The teeth most prone to decay in the first permanent molar/%

年龄/岁	性别	患龋人数	16	26	36	46
6	男	58	2.75	2.75	4.40	4.53
	女	109	4.05	4.05	11.03	11.17
	合计	167	3.39	3.39	7.69	7.83
7	男	295	8.20	8.20	16.33	14.78
	女	367	12.10	12.10	22.04	22.95
	合计	662	10.08	10.08	19.09	18.73
8	男	478	21.82	21.82	30.93	29.47
	女	482	24.38	24.38	35.20	32.73
	合计	960	23.04	23.04	32.96	31.02
9	男	484	23.07	23.07	29.33	28.56
	女	544	29.89	29.89	37.03	39.63
	合计	1 028	26.28	26.28	32.96	33.77
10	男	519	21.75	21.75	28.95	29.27
	女	578	31.69	31.69	37.98	35.79
	合计	1 097	26.45	26.45	33.22	32.36
11	男	227	25.57	25.57	35.14	34.30
	女	212	36.63	36.63	41.98	40.64
	合计	439	30.41	30.41	38.13	37.08
注：16表示右上第一恒磨牙；26表示左上第一恒磨牙；36表示左下第一恒磨牙；46表示右下第一恒磨牙。

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表 3 不同年龄儿童六龄齿各牙面患龋率/%

Table 3. Caries rates of first permanent molar in different surfaces of different ages children/%

年龄/岁	上颌(牙面)						下颌(牙面)
年龄/岁	颊面	牙合面	远中面	腭面	近中面	合计	颊面	牙合面	远中面	舌面	近中面	合计
6	0	4.99	0	0.07	0	4.99	0.35	9.35	0	0.07	0	9.49
7	0.20	13.33	0.12	1.72	0.12	13.81	1.72	22.93	0	0	0.04	23.17
8	0.14	27.91	0.14	4.87	0.36	28.81	4.87	37.11	0.32	0.18	0.32	37.60
9	0.82	30.78	1.00	9.44	0.86	32.36	8.99	38.40	1.54	1.32	1.23	39.58
10	0.73	30.93	1.08	9.22	1.12	32.79	9.65	38.22	1.72	1.68	2.02	39.08
11	1.64	35.09	1.87	10.06	2.57	36.02	10.99	43.51	3.63	3.27	3.04	44.09
合计	0.49	23.57	0.60	5.72	0.68	24.59	5.82	31.51	0.97	0.88	0.94	32.11

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表 4 不同组别家长对六龄齿和窝沟封闭知晓状况分布

Table 4. The understanding degree of the first permanent molar and pit and fissure sealants of parents at different income level and educational level

组别	人数	六龄齿					窝沟封闭
组别	人数	了解	不太了解	不知道	χ²值	P值	了解	不太了解	不知道	χ²值	P值
父母月人均收入/元
> 10 000	692	298(43.12)	284(41.26)	111(15.62)	65.54	< 0.01	332(47.77)	312(44.63)	48(7.60)	98.35	0.04
5 000~10 000	4 039	727(18.25)	2 221(55.33)	1 091(26.42)			1 091(26.83)	1 898(47.02)	1 050(26.15)
< 5 000	6 809	817(11.67)	3 200(46.73)	2 792(41.60)			749(11.44)	3 336(48.51)	2 723(40.05)
母亲学历
本科及以上	4 270	1 623(38.45)	2 391(55.82)	256(5.73)	296.46	< 0.01	1 751(41.23)	1 964(46.27)	555(12.50)	192.16	0.03
中专或大专	5 770	635(11.23)	2 308(39.74)	2 827(49.03)			635(11.48)	2 827(48.73)	2 308(39.79)
高中及以下	1 500	90(5.98)	570(37.87)	840(56.15)			105(6.89)	690(45.71)	705(47.40)
城乡
农村	5 453	492(8.77)	2 295(42.36)	2 677(48.87)	359.51	< 0.01	601(11.01)	2 622(48.03)	2 240(40.96)	172.31	0.01
城市	6 077	2 674(44.01)	2 066(34.48)	1 337(21.51)			2 735(45.32)	2 188(36.44)	1 155(18.24)
注：( )内数字为构成比/%。

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