Comparison of mental health status between freshmen with and without disabilities
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摘要:
目的 探讨残障本科新生和普通本科新生心理健康的差异，为有效做好大学生心理健康教育工作提供参考。 方法 对南京某本科高校2018—2020年残障新生及普通新生共6 114名大学生进行心理健康症状自评量表(SCL-90)测量，并对结果进行分析。 结果 大学生SCL-90阳性检出率为23.3%，残障新生阳性率(36.4%)高于普通新生(22.6%)(χ2=28.35，P < 0.01)；残障新生SCL-90总分及各因子分均高于普通新生(P值均 < 0.05)；纵向比较两类新生3年间SCL-90阳性检出率，残障新生差异无统计学意义(χ2=5.82，P=0.06)，普通新生差异有统计学意义(χ2=29.43，P < 0.01)；阳性人群面谈后残障新生严重心理问题(A类)和一般心理问题(B类)学生的构成比高于普通新生(χ2=7.09，P < 0.05)。 结论 残障新生心理健康水平低于普通新生；普通新生心理健康水平呈下降趋势，残障新生心理健康水平较稳定，但有心理问题学生的比例相对较高，需引起关注。 Abstract:Objective To explore the differences in mental health between freshmen with and without disabilities. Methods A comparative analysis of 6 114 freshmen with and without disabilities from an undergraduate college in Nanjing from 2018 to 2020 was measured by the SCL-90 Mental Health Symptom Self-Rating Scale. Results The positive detection rate of SCL-90 was 23.29%, and the positive rate of disabled students was significantly higher than healthy students(χ2=28.35, P < 0.01); Disabled freshmen were significantly higher than healthy freshmen in the levels of all factors(P < 0.05); A longitudinal comparison of the positive detection rate of SCL-90 between the two groups of freshmen in three years, there was no statistical difference between the disabled freshmen(χ2=5.82, P=0.06), there was a statistical difference in healthy freshmen(χ2=29.43, P < 0.01); After interview with positive factor students, the composition ratio of freshmen with disabled of A and B was higher than that of healthy freshmen(χ2=7.09, P < 0.05). Conclusion Mental health level of freshmen with disabled is lower than that of healthy freshmen. Mental health among freshmen without disabilities is worsening. The mental health of disabled freshmen is relatively stable, however, the proportion of students with psychological problems is relatively high, which requires attention. -
Key words:
- Mental health /
- Health status /
- Disabled persons /
- Students
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表 1 残障新生和普通新生SCL-90各因子症状检出率比较
Table 1. Comparison of the distribution of SCL-90 positive cases between disabled freshmen and normal freshmen
类别 组别 人数 统计值 躯体化 强迫症状 人际关系敏感 抑郁 焦虑 敌对 恐怖 偏执 精神病性 轻度 残障生 280 67(23.93) 107(38.21) 96(34.29) 83(29.64) 84(30.00) 76(27.14) 47(16.79) 78(27.86) 77(27.50) 以上 普通生 5 834 537(9.20) 1 902(32.60) 1 495(25.63) 853(14.62) 937(16.06) 770(13.20) 734(12.58) 947(16.23) 690(11.83) χ2值 65.06 3.82 10.41 46.50 37.32 43.57 4.24 25.87 59.82 P值 < 0.01 0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.04 < 0.01 < 0.01 中重度 残障生 280 11(3.93) 13(4.64) 14(5.00) 8(2.86) 11(3.93) 14(5.00) 10(3.57) 13(4.64) 11(3.93) 以上 普通生 5 834 37(0.63) 204(3.50) 185(3.17) 109(1.87) 99(1.70) 97(1.66) 63(1.08) 97(1.66) 68(1.17) χ2值 37.23 1.03 2.84 1.39 7.53 16.69 14.06 13.43 15.99 P值 < 0.01 0.31 0.09 0.24 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 注：()内数字为检出率/%。 
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表 2 不同年份残障新生和普通新生心理健康状况分类构成比较
Table 2. Comparison of the classification of disabled freshmen and ordinary freshmen in different years
年份 组别 人数 Ⅰ类 Ⅱ类 Ⅲ类 χ2值 P值 2018 残障生 101 24(23.8) 22(21.8) 55(54.5) 39.70 < 0.01 普通生 1 837 132(7.2) 314(17.1) 1391(75.7) 2019 残障生 103 12(11.7) 19(18.4) 72(69.9) 8.86 0.01 普通生 1 926 151(7.8) 204(10.6) 1 569(81.5) 2020 残障生 76 8(10.5) 17(22.4) 51(67.1) 2.99 0.22 普通生 2 073 204(9.8) 317(15.3) 1 552(74.9) 合计 残障生 280 44(15.7) 58(20.7) 178(63.6) 30.79 < 0.01 普通生 5 834 487(8.3) 835(14.3) 4 512(77.3) 注：()内数字为构成比/%。
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表 3 残障和普通新生2018—2020年SCL-90总分及因子分的比较(x±s)
Table 3. Comparison of SCL-90 factor scores of disabled freshmen and normal freshmen during 2018-2020(x±s)
年份 组别 人数 统计值 躯体化 强迫症状 人际敏感 抑郁 焦虑 敌对 恐怖 偏执 精神病性 总分 2018 残障生 101 1.72±0.68 1.99±0.63 1.88±0.66 1.89±0.69 1.85±0.66 1.69±0.60 1.60±0.66 1.77±0.69 1.78±0.66 163.11±54.64 普通生 1 837 1.40±0.39 1.78±0.52 1.63±0.52 1.49±0.48 1.53±0.47 1.42±0.45 1.40±0.44 1.45±0.45 1.44±0.43 135.54±36.32 Z值 5.06 3.48 3.88 6.55 5.38 5.08 3.23 5.08 5.89 5.71 P值 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 2019 残障生 103 1.57±0.66 1.77±0.65 1.71±0.70 1.64±0.66 1.65±0.67 1.58±0.66 1.43±0.65 1.57±0.63 1.60±0.62 145.84±55.64 普通生 1 924 1.32±0.40 1.72±0.52 1.64±0.56 1.44±0.49 1.48±0.47 1.36±0.47 1.37±0.44 1.45±0.48 1.41±0.44 131.52±37.34 Z值 4.15 0.21 0.47 3.79 2.58 3.89 0.19 1.77 3.27 2.65 P值 < 0.01 0.83 0.64 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.85 0.08 < 0.01 < 0.01 2020 残障生 76 1.57±0.57 1.83±0.53 1.73±0.54 1.63±0.51 1.69±0.52 1.55±0.60 1.44±0.52 1.61±0.51 1.57±0.44 146.84±41.68 普通生 2 073 1.39±0.42 1.83±0.55 1.71±0.57 1.50±0.52 1.55±0.51 1.43±0.50 1.43±0.50 1.52±0.51 1.46±0.44 137.83±39.52 Z值 2.79 -0.36 0.53 2.71 2.54 1.84 0.05 1.79 2.66 2.10 P值 < 0.01 0.72 0.60 < 0.01 0.01 -0.07 0.96 0.07 < 0.01 0.04 合计 残障生 280 1.62±0.65 1.86±0.62 1.77±0.65 1.73±0.64 1.73±0.64 1.61±0.62 1.49±0.62 1.65±0.63 1.66±0.60 152.34±52.29 普通生 5 834 1.37±0.40 1.78±0.54 1.66±0.55 1.48±0.50 1.52±0.48 1.40±0.48 1.40±0.46 1.48±0.48 1.44±0.44 135.03±37.09 Z值 6.43 2.58 2.84 6.39 5.48 5.58 2.42 4.69 6.16 5.47 P值 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.02 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01
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表 4 残障新生与普通新生面谈结果的比较
Table 4. Comparison of interview results between disabled freshmen and normal freshmen
组别 人数 A类 B类 C类 残障生 85 7(8.24) 20(23.53) 58(68.24) 普通生 1 208 26(2.15) 212(17.55) 970(80.30) 合计 1 293 33(2.55) 232(17.94) 1 028(79.51) 注：()内数字为构成比/%。
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