新冠肺炎流行期间医学生焦虑情绪及其影响因素

马少勇; 陈燕; 王方方; 王慧慧; 金岳龙; 姚应水

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.09.018

新冠肺炎流行期间医学生焦虑情绪及其影响因素

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.09.018

马少勇^{1, 2},
陈燕^{3, 4},
王方方²,
王慧慧²,
金岳龙^3, ,,
姚应水^{3, 5, ,}

1.
安徽师范大学教育科学学院，安徽芜湖 241000
2.
皖南医学院护理学院
3.
皖南医学院公共卫生学院/慢性病防制研究所
4.
山东大学公共卫生学院
5.
安徽中医药高等专科学校

基金项目:

安徽高校人文社会科学重点研究项目 SK2019A0227

安徽省名师工作室 2014msgzs151

安徽高校自然科学研究重大项目 KJ2020ZD69

详细信息

作者简介:
马少勇(1987-)，男，安徽阜阳人，在读博士，副主任，主要研究方向为学生发展与教育

通讯作者:
金岳龙，E-mail：94017416@qq.com

姚应水，E-mail：yingshuiyao@163.com

中图分类号: G 647.8 G 444
计量
- 文章访问数: 1045
- HTML全文浏览量: 335
- PDF下载量: 69
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-12-23
- 修回日期: 2021-01-28
- 网络出版日期: 2021-09-24
- 刊出日期: 2021-09-24

Anxiety and associated factors among medical college students during COVID-19 epidemic

MA Shaoyong^{1, 2},
CHEN Yan^{3, 4},
WANG Fangfang²,
WANG Huihui²,
JIN Yuelong^{3
, ,},
YAO Yingshui^{3, 5
, ,}

1.
School of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu(241000), Anhui Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析医学生在新型冠状病毒(COVID-19)流行期间焦虑情绪状况及其影响因素，为有针对性开展心理防护提供理论依据。方法采用非概率抽样(方便抽样)的方式选取安徽省2所医学院校6 276名医学生为调查对象，利用问卷星制作问卷，包括一般情况问卷、焦虑自评量表(SAS)等；通过微信、QQ等网络平台，在COVID-19流行期间对被试的焦虑情绪及其影响因素进行匿名调查。结果医学生焦虑得分为(38.52±7.76)分，焦虑情绪检出率为8.9%。医学生在性别、辅导员在COVID-19流行期提醒注意防护频次、本/专科生、户籍所在地、自评近期健康状况、所居住小区是否有COVID-19确诊患者、关注度、盲目消毒、自评自己被感染的风险、恐慌程度等方面焦虑情绪检出率差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.05)；多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，本科生(OR=1.25)、自评自己感染COVID-19的风险高(OR=1.71)、特别恐慌(OR=2.75)与焦虑情绪呈正相关；女生(OR=0.62)、来自农村(OR=0.80)、自评近期健康状况一般(OR=0.06)、健康状况较好(OR=0.11)、健康状况很好(OR=0.30)、所居住小区无COVID-19确诊患者(OR=0.67)，对COVID-19疫情每天关注一两次(OR=0.47)、频繁关注(OR=0.38)、盲目消毒行为一般(OR=0.53)、盲目消毒行为较少(OR=0.32)与焦虑情绪呈负相关。结论 COVID-19流行期间，医学生焦虑得分较高，不同性别、本专科层次医学生存在差别。医学生应做好心理调适，适度关注相关信息，正确认识疫情；学校辅导员应多关心学生，并进行多方式的相关知识宣传教育。
- 冠状病毒属 /
- 焦虑 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To analyze anxiety and its influencing factors of medical college students during the epidemic of COVID-19, so as to provide theoretical basis for targeted mental health promotion. Methods Participants were selected through convenient sampling in 2 medical colleges, and general situation questionnaires, anxiety self-rating scale(SAS), were csuected through questionnaire stars among to 6 276 medical college students anonymously through online platforms such as WeChat and QQ during the COVID-19 epidemic. Results SAS scores of medical students was(38.52±7.76), anxiety detection rate was 8.9%. Anxiety detection rate varied significantly by gender, the frequency of protection alerting by the counselor, college level, residence, self-reported health status, confirmed cases in the community, personal attention, disinfection, perceived risk of infection, as well as panic in the outbreak of COVID-19 (all P < 0.05). Multivariate Logistic analysis showed that undergraduate(OR=1.25), high perceived risk of infection(OR=1.71); extreme panic (OR=2.75) were associated with high detection rate of anxiety. Female students(OR=0.62), rural residents(OR=0.80), moderate health status(OR=0.06), in good health(OR=0.11), in excellent health(OR=0.30); know or don't know there were COVID-19 patients in their residential areas(OR=0.67), close attention to COVID-19 1-2 times/d(OR=0.47), or frequently(OR=0.38); moderate inevitable disinfection(OR=0.53), few inevitable disinfection (OR=0.32) were associated with low detection rate of anxiety. Conclusion During the epidemic of COVID-19, anxiety among the medical college students was high, which varies by gender and college level. Psychological adjustment, appropriate attention and positive attitude towards COVID-19 should be promoted among medical college students. School counsellors should pay more attention and care to students while providing COVID-19 information through various ways.
- Coronavirus /
- Anxiety /
- Mental health /
- Regression analysis /
- Students

HTML全文

表 1 医学院校大学生焦虑检出率单因素分析

Table 1. A single factor statistical analysis of anxiety of medical college students in general demographic characteristics

变量	选项	人数	轻度	中度	重度	Z/χ²值	P值
性别	男	1 736	169(9.7)	24(1.4)	7(0.4)	-4.31	< 0.01
	女	4 540	317(7.0)	47(1.0)	2(0.0)
学段	专科生	3 769	254(6.7)	41(1.1)	2(0.1)	-3.85	< 0.01
	本科生	2 507	232(9.3)	30(1.2)	7(0.3)
年级	大一	2 663	204(7.7)	27(1.0)	3(0.1)	1.18	0.76
	大二	2 213	169(7.6)	24(1.1)	3(0.1)
	大三	882	74(8.4)	10(1.1)	1(0.1)
	大四、大五	518	39(7.5)	10(1.9)	2(0.4)
户籍所在地	城市	1 793	158(8.8)	21(1.2)	1(0.1)	6.74	0.03
	乡镇	799	72(9.0)	11(1.4)	0
	农村	3 684	256(6.9)	39(1.1)	8(0.2)
自评近期健康情况	很好	4 322	232(5.4)	36(0.8)	4(0.1)	259.42	< 0.01
	较好	1 526	154(10.1)	19(1.2)	2(0.1)
	一般	407	92(22.6)	13(3.2)	2(0.5)
	差	21	8(38.1)	3(14.3)	1(4.8)
辅导员提醒注意防护频次	经常	5 999	450(7.5)	61(1.0)	8(0.1)	25.33	< 0.01
	偶尔	233	29(12.4)	7(3.0)	1(0.4)
	很少/未提醒	44	7(15.9)	3(6.8)	0
所居住小区是否有COVID-19确诊患者	是	436	52(11.9)	8(1.8)	1(0.2)	52.84	< 0.01
	否	4 825	319(6.6)	42(0.9)	5(0.1)
	不知道	1 015	115(11.3)	21(2.1)	3(0.3)
关注度	非常频繁	3 730	283(7.6)	47(1.3)	9(0.2)	28.57	< 0.01
	每天一两次	2 327	169(7.3)	17(0.7)	0
	偶尔/不关注	219	34(15.5)	7(3.2)	0
盲目消毒	很多	303	49(16.2)	11(3.6)	2(0.7)	89.72	< 0.01
	一般	2 028	208(10.3)	26(1.3)	2(0.1)
	很少	3 945	229(5.8)	34(0.9)	5(0.1)
自评自己被感染的风险	无	1 317	68(5.2)	15(1.1)	3(0.2)	73.96	< 0.01
	低	3 484	232(6.7)	31(0.9)	4(0.1)
	中等	1 265	154(12.2)	20(1.6)	1(0.1)
	高	210	32(15.2)	5(2.4)	1(0.5)
恐慌程度	完全没有	394	22(5.6)	5(1.3)	3(0.8)	53.97	< 0.01
	较少	1 984	114(5.7)	21(1.1)	2(0.1)
	一般	2 642	212(8.0)	22(0.8)	2(0.1)
	比较	1 170	121(10.3)	18(1.5)	2(0.2)
	特别	86	17(19.8)	5(5.8)	0
注：()内数字为检出率/%。

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 医学院校大学生焦虑情绪影响因素的多因素Logistic回归分析(n=6 276)

Table 2. Analysis of medical college students' anxiety by multivariate Logistic regression(n=6 276)

自变量与常数	选项	β值	标准误	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值(OR值95%CI)
性别	女					1.00
	男	-0.49	0.10	22.10	< 0.01	0.62(0.50~0.75)
学历	专科					1.00
	本科	0.22	0.10	5.34	0.02	1.25(1.03~1.51)
户籍所在地	县城及以上					1.00
	乡镇	0.05	0.15	0.10	0.75	1.05(0.79~1.40)
	农村	-0.22	0.11	4.56	0.03	0.80(0.65~0.98)
自评近期健康状况	差					1.00
	一般	-2.77	0.48	33.70	< 0.01	0.06(0.03~0.16)
	较好	-2.17	0.48	20.58	< 0.01	0.11(0.05~0.29)
	很好	-1.20	0.49	6.14	0.01	0.30(0.12~0.78)
所居住小区是否有COVID-19确诊患者	是					1.00
	否	-0.40	0.16	6.40	0.01	0.67(0.49~0.91)
	不知道	0.06	0.18	0.10	0.75	1.06(0.75~1.49)
对COVID-19疫情关注度	偶尔/不关注					1.00
	每天一两次	-0.76	0.20	14.95	< 0.01	0.47(0.32~0.69)
	非常频繁	-0.97	0.20	23.19	< 0.01	0.38(0.25~0.56)
盲目消毒	很多					1.00
	一般	-0.63	0.17	14.03	< 0.01	0.53(0.38~0.74)
	很少	-1.15	0.17	46.21	< 0.01	0.32(0.23~0.44)
自评自己被感染的风险	无					1.00
	低	-0.00	0.14	0.00	0.99	1.00(0.76~1.31)
	中等	0.24	0.16	2.39	0.12	1.27(0.94~1.73)
	高	0.54	0.23	5.48	0.02	1.71(1.09~2.69)
恐慌程度	完全没有					1.00
	较少	-0.13	0.22	0.33	0.57	0.88(0.57~1.36)
	一般	-0.13	0.22	0.00	0.95	0.99(0.64~1.52)
	比较	0.34	0.23	2.12	0.15	1.40(0.89~2.21)
	特别	1.01	0.35	8.57	< 0.01	2.75(1.40~5.40)
常数		2.15	0.70	9.42	< 0.01	8.57
注：因变量赋值为0=无焦虑情绪，1=有焦虑情绪。

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(19)

[1]	HARAPAN H, ITOH N, YUFIKA A, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19): a literature review[J]. J Infect Public Health, 2020, 13(5): 667-673. doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.03.019
[2]	LI Q, GUAN X, WU P, et al. Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia[J]. N Engl J Med, 2020, 382(13): 1199-1207. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2001316
[3]	WHO. Statement on the second meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) Emergency Committee regarding the outbreak of novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV)[EB/OL]. [2020-01-31]. https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/30-01-2020-tatement-on-the-second-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)-emergency-committee-regarding-the-outbreak-of-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov).
[4]	张姝玥, 陶塑, 许燕. 应激事件与大学新生心理健康的关系: 气质性乐观的调节作用[J]. 中国健康心理学杂志, 2009, 17(8): 971-973. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JKXL200908036.htm ZHANG S Y, TAO S, XU Y. Stress events in relation to mental health of college freshmen: the moderating eff ects of dispositional optimism[J]. China J Health Psychol, 2009, 17(8): 971-973. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JKXL200908036.htm
[5]	MICHL L C, MCLAUGHLIN K A, SHEPHERD K, et al. Rumination as a mechanism linking stressful life events to symptoms of depression and anxiety: longitudinal evidence in early adolescents and adults[J]. J Abn Psychol, 2013, 122(2): 339. doi: 10.1037/a0031994
[6]	周永安. 焦虑自评量表在我国高校大学生中应用的评价研究[D]. 广州: 南方医科大学, 2012. ZHOU Y A. Evaluation studies of self-rating anxiety scale applying results in Chinese university students[D]. Guangzhou: Southern Medical University, 2012.
[7]	刘肇瑞, 黄悦勤, 党卫民, 等. SARS流行期间北京三所高校学生心理状况影响因素分析[J]. 中华流行病学杂志, 2004, 25(7): 594-597. doi: 10.3760/j.issn:0254-6450.2004.07.013 LIU Z R, HUANG Y Q, DANG W M, et al. Study on the psychosocial statu and related factors in there universities during severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemic in Beijing[J]. Chin J Epidemiol, 2004, 25(7): 594-597. doi: 10.3760/j.issn:0254-6450.2004.07.013
[8]	李强. 河南省某本科医学院校在校大学生焦虑心理的调查分析[J]. 重庆医学, 2015, 44(16): 2237-2241. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-8348.2015.16.027 LI Q. Investigation and analysis of undergraduate medical college students anxiety in Henan Province[J]. Chongqing Med, 2015, 44(16): 2237-2241. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-8348.2015.16.027
[9]	杨昕岳. 临床医学生主观幸福感与心理健康关系研究[J]. 中国高等医学教育, 2017(9): 38-39. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-1701.2017.09.018 YANG X Y. Correlation of subjective well-being and mental health of clinical medicine students[J]. Chin Higher Med Educ, 2017(9): 38-39. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-1701.2017.09.018
[10]	谢静, 叶明, 刘东亮. 蚌埠市临床医学规培研究生心理健康状况[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2019, 40(11): 1676-1678. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2019.11.021 XIE J, YE M, LIU D L, et al. Analysis of mental health status of graduate students in clinical medical discipline and its countermeasures[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2019, 40(11): 1676-1678. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2019.11.021
[11]	刘小玲. 2015—2018年大学生心理健康状况调查研究[J]. 济宁学院学报, 2019, 40(2): 84-89. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1877.2019.02.015 LIU X L. Research on psychological health of university in 2015-2018[J]. J Jining Univ, 2019, 40(2): 84-89. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1877.2019.02.015
[12]	毛雪萍. 大学生宿舍人际关系、应对方式与孤独感的关系[D]. 南宁: 广西师范大学, 2019. MAO X P. The relationship between dormitory interpersonal relationship, coping style and loneliness in college students[D]. Nanning: Guangxi Normal University, 2019.
[13]	孙崇勇, 刘浩强, 袁晶. 大学生社会支持与焦虑及抑郁关系[J]. 中国公共卫生, 2007, 23(12): 1518-1519. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGGW200712062.htm SUN C Y, LIU H Q, YUAN J. Relationship between anxiety, depression and social support of college students[J]. Chin J Public Health, 2007, 23(12): 1518-1519. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGGW200712062.htm
[14]	李力, 廖晓明. 积极心理资本: 测量及其与应对方式的关系研究[J]. 黑龙江高教研究, 2012, 30(9): 37-40. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-2614.2012.09.011 LI L, LIAO X M. Positive psychological capital: measurement and its relationship with coping style[J]. Heilongjiang Res Higher Educ, 2012, 30(9): 37-40. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-2614.2012.09.011
[15]	陈栩. 大学生健康坚韧性及其相关因素研究[D]. 南昌: 江西师范大学, 2007. CHEN X. Health related hardiness and the factors related to IT among college students[D]. Nanchang: Jiangxi Normal University, 2007.
[16]	范瑞泉, 陈维清. 大学生社会支持和应对方式与抑郁和焦虑情绪的关系[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2007, 28(7): 620-621. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-9817.2007.07.023 FAN R Q, CHEN W Q. Association of social support and coping styles with depression and anxiety among undergraduates[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2007, 28(7): 620-621. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-9817.2007.07.023
[17]	刘孟超, 黄希庭. 希望: 心理学的研究述评[J]. 心理科学进展, 2013, 3(21): 548-560. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XLXD201303021.htm LIU M C, HUANG X T. Hope: a review of psychological research[J]. Adv Psychol Sci, 2013, 3(21): 548-560. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XLXD201303021.htm
[18]	张晨艳, 周宗奎, 耿协鑫, 等. 应激性事件对大学生心理健康的影响: 希望的中介作用[J]. 高等教育研究, 2015, 36(7): 87-91. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HIGH201507018.htm ZHANG C Y, ZHOU Z K, GENG X X. et al. The impact of stressful events on mental health of college students: the mediating effect of hope[J]. J Higher Educ, 2015, 36(7): 87-91. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HIGH201507018.htm
[19]	HOBFOLL S E. Conservation of resources: a new attempt at conceptualizing stress[J]. Am Psychol, 1989, 44(3): 513. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.44.3.513