Meta analysis of the effect of physical activity intervention on physical fitness in Chinese children aged 3-6 years
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摘要:
目的 系统量化评价1992—2020年有组织的体育活动对中国3~6岁幼儿身体素质的影响，为开展精准有效的干预实践、进一步提高幼儿身体素质提供方法参考。 方法 检索中国知网、万方数字资源、维普数据库、EBSCO运动数据库、Web of Science数据库，根据纳入与排除标准收集有关体育活动对中国3~6岁幼儿身体素质影响的随机对照实验。中文检索词包括：(幼儿OR学龄前儿童OR学前儿童)AND(身体素质OR体质)AND(干预实验OR干预研究OR随机对照实验)等，英文检索词包括：(preschool OR kindergarten OR young children OR nursery)AND(physical fitness)AND(randomized controlled trial)AND(Chinese OR China)等。 结果 共纳入23项研究2 386名幼儿。Meta分析结果显示，体育活动对于幼儿立定跳远(SMD=0.61，95%CI=0.46~0.76)、坐位体前屈(SMD=0.53，95%CI=0.36~0.70)、10 m折返跑(SMD=-0.84，95%CI=-1.08~-0.61)、双脚连续跳(SMD=-0.74，95%CI=-0.90~-0.58)、走平衡木(SMD=-0.54，95%CI=-0.70~-0.39)的成绩有中到高度的影响，而对网球掷远(SMD=0.39，95%CI=0.26~0.51)成绩影响较低。 结论 定期开展有针对性的体育活动能显著提高幼儿的身体素质，不同类型指标所反映的身体素质受体育活动内容、干预时长、锻炼频率、年龄等因素制约而影响不同。 Abstract:Objective To systematically review the efficacy of organized physical activity intervention from 1992 to 2020 on physical fitness of young children aged 3-6 in China. Methods Studies were searched in databases of CNKI, Wan Fang, VIP, EBSCO Sports and Web of Science. The randomized controlled trials of physical fitness of young children aged 3-6 in China were selected by using Chinese and English keywords: (preschool OR kindergarten OR young children OR nursery) AND (physical fitness) AND (randomized controlled trial) AND (Chinese OR China). Results Twenty-three studies were included, involving 2 386 young children. Meta-analysis showed that physical activity had a moderate-to-high effect on young children's standing long jump (SMD=0.61, 95%CI=0.46-0.76), sit and reach (SMD=0.53, 95%CI=0.36-0.70), 10-meter shuttle run (SMD=-0.84, 95%CI=-1.08- -0.61), continuous jumping on two feet (SMD=-0.74, 95%CI=-0.90- -0.58), and walking the balance beam (SMD=-0.54, 95%CI= -0.70- -0.39). On the other hand, physical activity had a small effect on young children's throwing ball (SMD=0.39, 95%CI=0.26-0.51). Conclusion Physical activity intervention shows significant effects on physical fitness of young children in China. Effecs on physical fitness indicated by different types of indicators depends on physical activity content, duration, frequency, child age and other factors. -
Key words:
- Motor activity /
- Physical fitness /
- Meta-analysis /
- Child
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图 2 体育活动干预对幼儿立定跳远成绩的Meta分析
Figure 2. Meta-analysis of young children's standing long jump by sports activity intervention
图 3 体育活动干预对幼儿网球掷远成绩的Meta分析
Figure 3. Meta-analysis of young children's throwing ball by sports activity intervention
图 4 体育活动干预对幼儿坐位体前屈成绩的Meta分析
Figure 4. Meta-analysis of young children's sit and reach by sports activity intervention
图 5 体育活动干预对幼儿10 m折返跑成绩的Meta分析
Figure 5. Meta-analysis of young children's 10 meters shuttle run by sports activity intervention
图 6 体育活动干预对幼儿双脚连续跳成绩的Meta分析
Figure 6. Meta-analysis of young children's continuous jumping on two feet by sports activity intervention
图 7 体育活动干预对幼儿走平衡木成绩的Meta分析
Figure 7. Meta-analysis of young children's walking the balance beam by sports activity intervention
表 1 纳入文献的基本特征
Table 1. Baseline information of included study
第一作者及年份 年龄/岁 性别(男：女) 样本量 体育活动内容 锻炼频率 干预时长 教师来源 结局指标 Jaded得分 干预组 对照组 周喆啸(2017)[11] 无区分 119∶120 119 120 功能性动作练习 每周5次，小、中、大班幼儿每次练习时间依次为20~30，30~40，40~50 min 24周 经培训 立定跳远；网球掷远；坐位体前屈；10 m折返跑；双脚连续跳；走平衡木 1 江大雷(2015)[12] 5~6 无区分 30 31 足球运动 每周2次，每次35 min 8周 足球专业教练 立定跳远；网球掷远；坐位体前屈；10 m折返跑；双脚连续跳；走平衡木 1 徐婕(2018)[13] 5~6 31∶25 28 28 健身操 每周2次，每次35 min 3个月 幼儿教师 立定跳远；网球掷远；坐位体前屈；10 m折返跑；双脚连续跳；走平衡木 1 刘聪珊(2014)[14] 5~6 53∶34 45 42 体能训练 每周3次，每次40 min 3个月 幼儿教师 立定跳远；网球掷远；坐位体前屈；10 m折返跑；双脚连续跳；走平衡木 1 张春(2013)[15] 5~6 55∶43 49 49 武术 每周2次，每次30 min 16周 专业教师 立定跳远；网球掷远；坐位体前屈 1 王旭(2018)[16] 5~6 26∶26 26 26 体育课程 每周3次，每次2 h 12周 立定跳远；网球掷远；坐位体前屈；10 m折返跑；双脚连续跳 1 雷园园(2018)[17] 5~6 60∶66 61 65 功能性动作练习 每周3次，每次1 h 6周 幼儿教师 立定跳远；网球掷远；坐位体前屈；10 m折返跑；双脚连续跳；走平衡木 3 杨丽(2019)[18] 4~5 20∶20 20 20 体操 每周1次，每次2 h 1学期 立定跳远；网球掷远；坐位体前屈；10 m折返跑；双脚连续跳；走平衡木 1 厉余浩(2016)[19] 4~5 16∶14 15 15 敏捷梯训练 每周2次，每次20 min 2个月 立定跳远；网球掷远；10 m折返跑 1 桂聪(2019)[20] 5~6 30∶30 30 30 球类运动 每周3次，每次1 h 12周 立定跳远；网球掷远；坐位体前屈；10 m折返跑；双脚连续跳；走平衡木 1 吴志宝(2018)[21] 无区分 男性幼儿 120 120 跆拳道 每周2次，每次45 min 16周 立定跳远；网球掷远；坐位体前屈；10 m折返跑；双脚连续跳；走平衡木 2 王诚(2018)[22] 5~6 30∶30 30 30 体操 每周5次，每次1~1.5 h 6个月 坐位体前屈；10 m折返跑 1 肖艺(2011)[23] 4~5 30∶30 30 30 体育游戏 每周5次，每次45 min 12周 立定跳远；坐位体前屈；走平衡木 1 赫达(2009)[24] 无区分 无区分 30 30 体育游戏 每周5次，每次45 min 3个月 立定跳远；网球掷远；坐位体前屈；10 m折返跑；双脚连续跳；走平衡木 1 张鑫(2018)[25] 无区分 无区分 29 30 体智能课程 每周2次，每次30 min 3个月 立定跳远；网球掷远；坐位体前屈；10 m折返跑 1 杨慧君(2016)[26] 4~5 无区分 30 30 体育活动干预 每周3次，每次30 min 4个月 幼儿教师 立定跳远；网球掷远；坐位体前屈；10 m折返跑；双脚连续跳；走平衡木 1 徐珊珊(2011)[27] 4~5 82∶94 87 89 健美操 每周5次，每次30 min 9个月 幼儿教师 立定跳远；网球掷远；坐位体前屈；10 m折返跑；双脚连续跳；走平衡木 2 潘娣(2013)[28] 4~5 无区分 33 27 健美操 每周3次，每次35 min 3个月 立定跳远；网球掷远；坐位体前屈；10 m折返跑；双脚连续跳；走平衡木 2 何东亮(2017)[29] 5~6 144∶96 120 120 篮球运动 每周5次，每次30 min 12周 体育教育专业 立定跳远；网球掷远；坐位体前屈；10 m折返跑 1 黎细凤(2008)[30] 4~5 无区分 25 25 武术 每周5次，每次1 h 5个月 立定跳远；坐位体前屈 1 邓土军(2012)[31] 5~6 无区分 30 30 武术 每周2次，每次30 min 4个月 立定跳远；网球掷远；坐位体前屈；10 m折返跑；双脚连续跳；走平衡木 1 石少锋(2017)[32] 4~5 33∶35 33 35 户外运动 每周3次，每次30 min 8周 幼儿教师 立定跳远；10 m折返跑；双脚连续跳 1 王新晓(2019)[33] 5~6 51∶9 30 30 足球运动 每周2次，每次30 min 12周 足球教师 立定跳远；坐位体前屈；双脚连续跳；走平衡木 1 
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