江苏省某市小学生血铅影响因素分析

许宁; 于钏钏; 吕锡芳; 丁震; 孙宏; 吴康; 张雨晴; 王强

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.09.005

江苏省某市小学生血铅影响因素分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.09.005

许宁¹,
于钏钏¹,
吕锡芳¹,
丁震²,
孙宏²,
吴康³,
张雨晴¹,
王强^1, ,

1.
中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所环境与妇儿健康室, 北京 100050
2.
江苏省疾病预防控制中心环境与健康所
3.
盐城市东台市疾病预防控制中心卫生科

基金项目: 国家卫生健康委与联合国儿童基金会环境与健康合作项目

详细信息

作者简介:
许宁(1981-), 男, 北京市人, 硕士, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为环境流行病学

通讯作者:
王强, E-mail: wangqiang@nieh.chinacdc.cn

中图分类号: R 446 R 595.2 R 179
计量
- 文章访问数: 775
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-02-27
- 修回日期: 2021-07-20
- 网络出版日期: 2021-09-24
- 刊出日期: 2021-09-24

Risk factors for children's blood lead levels in one city of Jiangsu

1.
National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing(100050), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解某市儿童铅暴露水平及环境影响因素，为制定降低中国儿童血铅水平决策提供依据。方法 2017年5月在江苏省某市选择2所小学，将学校373名一年级儿童全部作为研究对象，对儿童进行血液重金属水平检测、铅暴露风险评估，对46户儿童进行了家庭积尘中铅检测，使用二分类多因素Logistic回归对铅暴露风险进行多因素分析，对46份积尘检测结果进行空间展示，并与企业空间位置比对。结果 373名儿童血铅几何均值为25.80 mg/L，其中3名(0.8%)儿童血铅超过100 mg/L。儿童平时有啃咬铅笔的行为(OR=4.26，95%CI=1.61~10.68，P < 0.05)和住所或学校周边有铅暴露环境(OR=2.93，95%CI=1.24~7.34，P=0.02)与高血铅均呈正相关。46户儿童家庭积尘几何均值为302.27 μg/mg，且高积尘铅家庭户主要分布在生产企业周边。结论环境影响因素与儿童血铅具有相关关系。社会各界应高度重视，减少环境铅污染；家庭和学校应积极开展健康教育，促进儿童养成良好的卫生习惯，从而有效降低儿童铅暴露水平。
- 铅 /
- 环境 /
- 回归分析 /
- 儿童
Abstract: Objective To understand the level and risk factor of lead exposure among children in one city of Jiangsu. Methods In northern Jiangsu Province, 373 children from 2 primary schools were enrolled and were tested for blood lead and heavy metal exposure. Lead exposure was tested in household dust of 46 children. A multivariate Logistic regression was used for lead exposure risk analysis. Spatial distribution of lead contamination in household dust was conducted and compared with the location of industrial enterprises. Results The geometric mean of blood lead in 373 children was 25.80 mg/L, the blood lead of 3 children (0.8%) was more than 100 mg/L. Pencil biting (OR=4.26, 95%CI=1.61-10.68, P < 0.05) and lead contamination in surrounding environment (OR=2.93, 95%CI=1.24-7.34, P=0.02) was positively related to high blood lead level in children. The geometric mean household dust lead concentrations in 46 children was 302.27 μg/mg, and household with high dust lead levels were mainly located around manufacturing enterprises. Conclusion Environmental factors correlate with blood lead level in children. Efficient strategies and public health policies are urgently needed to control and prevent environmental lead pollution. Families and schools should actively carry out health education to engourage children good hygiene habits, and effectively reduce lead exposure.
- Lead /
- Environment /
- Regression analysis /
- Child

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表 1 不同影响因素儿童高低血铅组分布情况比较

Table 1. Comparison of risk factors in children between high and low blood lead level group

因素	低血铅组(n=344)	高血铅组(n=24)	χ²值	P值	因素	低血铅组(n=344)	高血铅组(n=24)	χ²值	P值
性别					否	288(83.72)	21(87.50)
男	169(49.13)	14(58.33)	0.76	0.38	住所或学校周边有铅暴露环境^*
女	175(50.87)	10(41.67)			是	135(39.24)	15(62.50)	5.02	0.02
BMI					否	209(60.76)	9(37.50)
超重/肥胖	82(23.84)	7(29.17)	0.35	0.56	生病时经常服用中草药
正常	262(76.16)	17(70.83)			是	59(17.15)	2(8.33)	0.70	0.40
平时有啃咬手指行为					否	285(82.85)	22(91.67)
是	75(21.80)	6(25.00)	0.13	0.71	经常食用铁盒包装罐头
否	269(78.20)	18(75.00)			是	28(8.14)	2(8.33)	0.00	1.00
平时有啃咬铅笔行为					否	316(91.86)	22(91.67)
是	41(11.92)	8(33.33)	7.15	0.01	经常食用易拉罐饮料
否	303(88.08)	16(66.67)			是	52(15.12)	3(12.50)	0.00	0.96
平时有啃咬玩具行为					否	292(84.88)	21(87.5)
是	16(4.65)	2(8.33)	0.10	0.75	经常食用老式爆米花
否	328(95.35)	22(91.67)			是	21(6.10)	1(4.17)	0.00	1.00
平时有啃咬彩色物品行为					否	323(93.90)	23(95.83)
是	22(6.40)	2(8.33)	0.00	1.00	可能接触化妆品
否	322(93.60)	22(91.67)			是	40(11.63)	2(8.33)	0.03	0.87
平时吃东西前洗手					否	304(88.37)	22(91.67)
是	305(88.66)	22(91.67)	0.01	0.91	餐具为陶瓷餐具
否	39(11.34)	2(8.33)			是	258(75.00)	15(62.50)	1.83	0.18
母亲学历					否	86(25.00)	9(37.50)
小学及以下	21(6.10)	1(4.17)	0.46	0.93	水杯或餐具为食品级304材质
初中	201(58.43)	15(62.50)			是	101(29.36)	8(33.33)	0.17	0.68
高中/中专	100(29.07)	6(25.00)			否	243(70.64)	16(66.67)
大学	22(6.40)			6(25.00)	水杯为陶瓷水杯
住房为1980年前建成					是	178(51.74)	12(50.00)	0.03	0.87
是	42(12.21)	3(12.50)	0.00	1.00	否	166(48.26)	12(50.00)
否	302(87.79)	21(87.50)			父母从事与铅暴露相关工作
近1年住房装修过					是	125(36.34)	10(41.67)	0.27	0.60
是	56(16.28)	3(12.50)	0.04	0.84	否	219(63.66)	14(58.33)
注：*调查对象住所或学校周边200 m范围有垃圾堆、矿场、冶炼厂、交通干道、高速公路或商业街等。()内数字为构成比/%。

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