中国儿童体力活动研究进展

单美辰; 周楠

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.08.035

中国儿童体力活动研究进展

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.08.035

单美辰,
周楠^,

首都师范大学学前教育学院，北京 100048

基金项目:

北京市社会科学基金项目 17JYC019

国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目

北京市属高校高水平教师队伍建设青年拔尖人才培育计划项目 CIT&TCD201904083

详细信息

作者简介:
单美辰(1997-)，女，内蒙古宁城人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为儿童心理发展与教育

通讯作者:
周楠，E-mail：nanzhou@cnu.edu.cn

中图分类号: R179 G806
计量
- 文章访问数: 1559
- HTML全文浏览量: 546
- PDF下载量: 176
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-11-15
- 修回日期: 2021-01-10
- 网络出版日期: 2021-08-20
- 刊出日期: 2021-08-25

Research progress on physical activity of Chinese children

SHAN Meichen,
ZHOU Nan^,

College of Early Childhood Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing(100048), China

摘要

摘要: 儿童进行适当的体力活动对其体质健康具有积极的影响。本综述对中国儿童体力活动水平现状、儿童体力活动水平低导致的健康危害、影响因素以及儿童体力活动测量方法的进展进行整理和分析。结果发现，中国儿童体力活动水平普遍不足、男童比女童体力活动水平高以及儿童体力活动水平低导致健康隐患增加等问题，建成环境、空气污染、家庭因素以及个体因素是影响儿童体力活动水平的相关因素。最后，分析中国儿童体力活动研究存在的局限，并对提高中国儿童体力活动水平提出对策和建议，以期为儿童体力活动相关研究提供借鉴和参考。
- 运动活动 /
- 危险因素 /
- 儿童
Abstract: Appropriate physical activity has positive impact on physical health of children. This review summarizes and analyzes the current situation of children's physical activity in China, adverse health impacts by low level of physical activity, influencing factors and the progress of children's physical activity assessment. Through reviewing the literature, it is found that Chinese children's physical activity levels are insufficient, with physical activity levels of boys higher than girls, increasing possible health risks in children. Also, built environment, air pollution, family and individual factors are closely related to children's physical activity. At last, this article analyzes the limitation of current research on children's physical activity, and puts forward suggestions for improving children's physical activity levels in China.
- Motor activity /
- Risk factors /
- Child

HTML全文

参考文献(62)

[1]	BULL F C, AL-ANSARI S S, BIDDLE S, et al. World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour[J]. Br J Sports Med, 2020, 54(24): 1451-1462. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-102955
[2]	王超. 中国儿童青少年日常体力活动推荐量研究[D]. 上海: 上海体育学院, 2013. WANG C. Research on the recommended amount of daily physical activity for Chinese children and adolescents[D]. Shanghai: Shanghai University of Sport, 2013.
[3]	邢存乔, 陈海琼, 曾广萍. 学龄前儿童骨密度与血清25-(OH)D水平的相关性[J]. 中国医药导报, 2019, 16(17): 63-67. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YYCY201917016.htm XING C Q, CHEN H Q, ZENG G P. The correlation between bone mineral density and serum 25-(OH)D levels in preschool children[J]. China Med Herald, 2019, 16(17): 63-67. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YYCY201917016.htm
[4]	黄剑辉, 段佳丽, 宋玉珍, 等. 北京市9~22岁学生视力不良影响因素分析[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2016, 37(7): 1019-1021. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2016.07.018 HUANG J H, DUAN J L, SONG Y Z, et al. Analysis of factors affecting poor vision among students aged 9-22 in Beijing[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2016, 37(7): 1019-1021. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2016.07.018
[5]	SUN J T, AN M, YAN X B, et al. Prevalence and related factors for myopia in school-aged children in Qingdao[J]. J Ophthalmol, 2018, 2018: 9781987. http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/29507811
[6]	秦秋兰, 杨虹. 广西城市小学生超重肥胖相关影响因素分析[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2015, 36(4): 549-551. http://www.cjsh.org.cn/article/id/zgxxws201504021 QIN Q L, YANG H. Analysis of related influencing factors of overweight and obesity among primary school students in Guangxi City[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2015, 36(4): 549-551. http://www.cjsh.org.cn/article/id/zgxxws201504021
[7]	汤强, 盛蕾, 左弯弯, 等. 小学儿童体力活动特征3年跟踪研究[J]. 中国运动医学杂志, 2014, 33(5): 419-425. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6710.2014.05.006 TANG Q, SHENG L, ZUO W W, et al. A 3-year follow-up study on the physical activity characteristics of primary school children[J]. Chin J Sports Med, 2014, 33(5): 419-425. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6710.2014.05.006
[8]	秦真真, 周海茸, 叶青, 等. 南京市儿童青少年高血压与体格发育状况的关系[J]. 职业与健康, 2016, 32(13): 1840-1842. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZYJK201613040.htm QIN Z Z, ZHOU H R, YE Q, et al. The relationship between hypertension and physical development in children and adolescents in Nanjing[J]. Occup Health, 2016, 32(13): 1840-1842. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZYJK201613040.htm
[9]	陶舒曼, 郝加虎, 陶芳标. 体力活动对成人脑结构和儿童脑发育可塑性的影响[J]. 卫生研究, 2014, 43(4): 693-696. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-WSYJ201404036.htm TAO S M, HAO J H, TAO F B. The effect of physical activity on adult brain structure and children's brain developmental plasticity[J]. J Hyg Res, 2014, 43(4): 693-696. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-WSYJ201404036.htm
[10]	KORCZAL D J, MADIGAN S, COLASANTO M. Children's physical activity and depression: a meta-analysis[J]. Pediatrics, 2017, 139(4): 2016-2266. http://smartsearch.nstl.gov.cn/paper_detail.html?id=c503f9a91e5fcfe47eda55ec7849bb83
[11]	温煦. 体育锻炼对青少年认知能力和学业表现的影响: 研究的历史、现状与未来[J]. 体育科学, 2015, 35(3): 73-82. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-677X.2015.03.010 WEN X. The effect of physical exercise on adolescents' cognitive ability and academic performance: the history, current situation and future of research[J]. Sports Sci, 2015, 35(3): 73-82. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-677X.2015.03.010
[12]	丁仲元. 身体活动对儿童认知能力的影响: 基于神经电测量视角[J]. 体育研究与教育, 2016, 31(2): 98-103. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SXST201602022.htm DING Z Y. The effect of physical activity on children's cognitive ability: based on the perspective of neuroelectric measurement[J]. Sports Res Educ, 2016, 31(2): 98-103. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SXST201602022.htm
[13]	CASPERSEN C J, POWELL K E, CHRISTENSON G M. Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: definitions and distinctions for health-related research[J]. Public Health Rep, 1985, 100(2): 126-131. http://eurpub.oxfordjournals.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=3920711&link_type=MED&atom=%2Feurpub%2F17%2F6%2F646.atom
[14]	WHO. Global recommendations on physical activity for health[R]. Geneva: WHO Press, 2010.
[15]	张加林, 唐炎, 陈佩杰, 等. 全球视域下我国城市儿童青少年身体活动研究: 以上海市为例[J]. 体育科学, 2017, 37(1): 14-27. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TYKX201701003.htm ZHANG J L, TANG Y, CHEN P J, et al. Research on the physical activity of urban children and adolescents in my country from a global perspective: taking Shanghai as an example[J]. Sports Sci, 2017, 37(1): 14-27. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TYKX201701003.htm
[16]	李新, 王艳, 李晓彤, 等. 青少年体力活动问卷(PAQ-A)中文版的修订及信效度研究[J]. 北京体育大学学报, 2015, 38(5): 63-67. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BJTD201505012.htm LI X, WANG Y, LI X T, et al. The revision of the Chinese version of the Adolescent Physical Activity Questionnaire (PAQ-A) and the reliability and validity study[J]. J Beijing Sport Univ, 2015, 38(5): 63-67. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BJTD201505012.htm
[17]	崔艺馨, 田英. 简析学龄前儿童体力活动的测量方法[J]. 当代体育科技, 2019, 9(11): 13-15. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DYKJ201911010.htm CUI Y X, TIAN Y. A brief analysis of measuring methods of preschool children's physical activity[J]. Contemp Sports Tech, 2019, 9(11): 13-15. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DYKJ201911010.htm
[18]	刘爱玲, 马冠生. 儿童少年体力活动的测量方法[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2003, 24(1): 88-91. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-9817.2003.01.067 LIU A L, MA G S. Methods of measuring physical activity of children and adolescents[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2003, 24(1): 88-91. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-9817.2003.01.067
[19]	刘爱玲, 马冠生, 张倩, 等. 小学生7天体力活动问卷信度和效度的评价[J]. 中华流行病学杂志, 2003, 24(10): 901-903. doi: 10.3760/j.issn:0254-6450.2003.10.013 LIU A L, MA G S, ZHANG Q, et al. Evaluation of the reliability and validity of the 7-day physical activity questionnaire for primary school students[J]. Chin J Epidemiol, 2003, 24(10): 901-903. doi: 10.3760/j.issn:0254-6450.2003.10.013
[20]	全明辉, 何蓝龙, 苏云云, 等. 基于GPS与加速度计的儿童青少年体力活动空间特征追踪研究[J]. 体育与科学, 2017, 38(1): 111-120. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TYYK201701014.htm QUAN M H, HE X L, SU Y Y, et al. Tracking research on spatial characteristics of physical activity of children and adolescents based on GPS and accelerometer[J]. Sports Sci, 2017, 38(1): 111-120. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TYYK201701014.htm
[21]	王欢, 江崇尼, 蔡睿, 等. 不同职业人群的体力活动水平: 基于加速度计和活动日志数据[J]. 体育科学, 2016, 36(5): 33-38. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TYKX201605006.htm WANG H, JIANG C M, CAI R, et al. Physical activity levels of different occupations: based on accelerometer and activity log data[J]. Sports Sci, 2016, 36(5): 33-38. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TYKX201605006.htm
[22]	WANG C, CHEN PJ, ZHUANG J. A National survey of physical activity and sedentary behavior of Chinese city children and youth using accelerometers[J]. Res Q Exerc Sport, 2013, 84(Suppl Ⅱ): S12-S28. doi: 10.1080/02701367.2013.850993?journalCode=urqe20
[23]	方慧, 全明辉, 周傥, 等. 儿童体力活动变化趋势特征及其对体适能影响的追踪研究[J]. 体育科学, 2018, 38(6): 44-52. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TYKX201806005.htm FANG H, QUAN M H, ZHOU T, et al. Tracing research on the trend characteristics of children's physical activity and its influence on physical fitness[J]. Sports Sci, 2018, 38(6): 44-52. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TYKX201806005.htm
[24]	杨东玲, 罗春燕, 周月芳, 等. 上海市中小学生体力活动不足及影响因素调查[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2016, 37(11): 1627-1629. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2016.11.009 YANG D L, LUO C Y, ZHOU Y F, et al. Investigation on insufficiency of physical activity and influencing factors in Shanghai primary and secondary school students[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2016, 37(11): 1627-1629. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2016.11.009
[25]	庞家祺, 曹立全. 幼儿体力活动水平调查及干预对策研究[J]. 天津科技, 2014, 41(12): 40-42. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8945.2014.12.013 PANG J Q, CAO L Q. Investigation on children's physical activity level and intervention countermeasures[J]. Tianjin Sci Tech, 2014, 41(12): 40-42. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8945.2014.12.013
[26]	张征. 南京市儿童青少年体力活动水平及影响因素分析[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2018, 39(12): 1885-1888. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.12.036 ZHANG Z. Analysis of physical activity level and influencing factors of children and adolescents in Nanjing[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2018, 39(12): 1885-1888. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.12.036
[27]	杨文贤, 刘奕晗, 徐凯. 基于传感器的幼儿体力活动现状分析: 以南京三所幼儿园幼儿为例[J]. 辽宁体育科技, 2019, 41(4): 74-77. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-6204.2019.04.017 YANG W X, LIU Y H, XU K. Sensor-based analysis of children's physical activity status: taking three kindergartens in Nanjing as an example[J]. Liaoning Sports Sci Tech, 2019, 41(4): 74-77. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-6204.2019.04.017
[28]	郭强, 汪晓赞, 蒋健保. 我国儿童青少年身体活动与久坐行为模式特征的研究[J]. 体育科学, 2017, 37(7): 17-29. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TYKX201707003.htm GUO Q, WANG X Z, JIANG J B. Research on the characteristics of physical activity and sedentary behavior patterns of children and adolescents in my country[J]. Sports Sci, 2017, 37(7): 17-29. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TYKX201707003.htm
[29]	王丽娟, 肖毅. 父母因素对子女闲暇时间体力活动的影响: 从性别差异的角度分析[J]. 上海体育学院学报, 2018, 42(1): 79-86. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-STYB201801012.htm WANG L J, XIAO Y. The influence of parental factors on children's physical activities in leisure time: analysis from the perspective of gender differences[J]. J Shanghai Sport Univ, 2018, 42(1): 79-86. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-STYB201801012.htm
[30]	王琼, 韩西丽, 王瑶. 城市商住混合型社区中儿童户外体力活动特征: 以北京市华清嘉园居住小区为例[J]. 人文地理, 2014, 29(2): 35-40. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-0446.2014.02.015 WANG Q, HAN X L, WANG Y. The characteristics of children's outdoor physical activity in urban commercial and residential mixed communities: taking Huaqing Jiayuan residential district in Beijing as an example[J]. Hum Geogr, 2014, 29(2): 35-40. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-0446.2014.02.015
[31]	何玲玲, 王肖柳, 林琳. 中国城市学龄儿童体力活动影响因素: 基于社会生态学模型的综述[J]. 国际城市规划, 2016, 31(4): 10-15. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GWCG201604003.htm HE L L, WANG X L, LIN L. Influencing factors of physical activity of school-age children in Chinese cities: a review based on social ecological models[J]. Urban Plan Int, 2016, 31(4): 10-15. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GWCG201604003.htm
[32]	王彦欢, 李奕希, 张雨欣, 等. 上海市浦东新区学龄儿童体力活动现状[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2019, 40(2): 292-295. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2019.02.038 WANG Y H, LI Y X, ZHANG Y X, et al. Current status of physical activity of school-age children in Pudong New Area, Shanghai[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2019, 40(2): 292-295. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2019.02.038
[33]	陶行, 尹小俭. 农民工子女学龄儿童与城市儿童体质健康的比较研究: 以南京市为例[J]. 南京体育学院学报(自然科学版), 2015, 14(6): 44-50. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-NTXZ201506011.htm TAO X, YIN X J. A comparative study on the physical health of school-age children of migrant workers' children and urban children: Taking Nanjing as an example[J]. J Nanjing sport Inst(Nat Sci), 2015, 14(6): 44-50. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-NTXZ201506011.htm
[34]	罗姗姗. 安庆市城乡儿童体质健康状况的差异及与体育活动水平的相关性[D]. 安庆: 安庆师范大学, 2019. LUO S S. Differences in physical health of children between urban and rural areas in Anqing City and their correlation with physical activity[D]. Anqing: Anqing Normal University, 2019.
[35]	邓士琳, 刘忆湘, 张军平, 等. 中国城市学龄儿童超重肥胖流行现状及危险因素分析[J]. 中国公共卫生, 2017, 33(9): 1327-1331. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGGW201709009.htm DENG S L, LIU Y X, ZHANG J P, et al. The prevalence and risk factors of overweight and obesity among school-age children in Chinese cities[J]. Chin J Public Health, 2017, 33(9): 1327-1331. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGGW201709009.htm
[36]	陈甘讷, 韦荣忠, 刘云辉, 等. 学龄前儿童中度肥胖危险因素的病例对照研究[J]. 中国妇幼保健, 2019, 34(2): 418-420. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZFYB201902059.htm CHEN G N, WEI R Z, LIU Y H, et al. A case-control study on risk factors of moderate obesity in preschool children[J]. Matern Child Health Care China, 2019, 34(2): 418-420. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZFYB201902059.htm
[37]	王楠, 吴旭龙, 丁子尧, 等. 学龄儿童青少年闲暇视屏时间与超重肥胖的相关性[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2016, 37(11): 1604-1606. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2016.11.002 WANG N, WU X L, DING Z Y, et al. Sedentary behavior and its association with obesity among school-aged children[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2016, 37(11): 1604-1606. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2016.11.002
[38]	吉喆, 崔玉鹏, 李林. 9~11岁肥胖小学生体力活动与膳食热量摄入的抽样研究[J]. 中国运动医学杂志, 2015, 34(2): 197-200. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YDYX201502017.htm JI Z, CUI Y P, LI L. Sampling study on physical activity and dietary calorie intake of obese primary school students aged 9 to 11[J]. Chin J Sports Med, 2015, 34(2): 197-200. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YDYX201502017.htm
[39]	劳雅琴, 张雨茗, 马庆华. 增加户外活动时间对学龄儿童近视发生发展的影响[J]. 中国妇幼保健, 2019, 34(10): 2364-2366. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZFYB201910062.htm LAO Y Q, ZHANG Y M, MA Q H. The effect of increasing outdoor activity time on the occurrence and development of school-age children's myopia[J]. Matern Child Health Care China, 2019, 34(10): 2364-2366. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZFYB201910062.htm
[40]	王瑛, 罗蕖, 张明. 户外活动时长与预防儿童近视的Meta分析[J]. 中国循证医学杂志, 2019, 19(3): 287-292. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZZXZ201903005.htm WANG Y, LUO Y, ZHANG M. Meta-analysis of outdoor activity duration and prevention of myopia in children[J]. Chin J Evid-Based Med, 2019, 19(3): 287-292. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZZXZ201903005.htm
[41]	张丹凤. 上海市浦东新区2014年中小学生近视现况及影响因素分析[J]. 中国初级卫生保健, 2016, 30(4): 62-64. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGCW201604025.htm Zhang D f. Analysis of the current status and influencing factors of myopia among primary and middle school students in Pudong New Area, Shanghai in 2014[J]. Chin Prim Health Care, 2016, 30(4): 62-64. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGCW201604025.htm
[42]	LU B, CONGDON N, LIU X, et al. Associations between near work, outdoor activity, and myopia among adolescent students in rural China: the xichang pediatric refractive error study report No. 2[J]. Arch Ophthalmol, 2009, 127(6): 769-775. http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/19506196
[43]	许雪萍, 卜翠萍. 1型糖尿病患儿体力活动及心理状况与生活质量的相关性[J]. 护理学杂志, 2016, 31(19): 5-8. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HLXZ201619004.htm XU X P, BU C P. The correlation between physical activity and psychological status and quality of life in children with type 1 diabetes[J]. J Nurs Sci, 2016, 31(19): 5-8. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HLXZ201619004.htm
[44]	岳书芳, 张培珍. 体力活动与心血管疾病危险因素研究进展[J]. 中国预防医学杂志, 2015, 16(9): 723-727. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGYC201509018.htm YUE S F, ZHANG P Z. Research progress on physical activity and cardiovascular disease risk factors[J]. Chin J Prev Med, 2015, 16(9): 723-727. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGYC201509018.htm
[45]	鲁斐栋, 谭少华. 建成环境对体力活动的影响研究: 进展与思考[J]. 国际城市规划, 2015, 30(2): 62-70. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GWCG201502011.htm LU F D, TAN S H. Research on the impact of the built environment on physical activity: progress and reflections[J]. Urban Plan Int, 2015, 30(2): 62-70. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GWCG201502011.htm
[46]	曲琛, 韩西丽. 城市邻里环境在儿童户外体力活动方面的可供性研究: 以北京市燕东园社区为例[J]. 北京大学学报(自然科学版), 2015, 51(3): 531-538. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BJDZ201503019.htm QU C, HAN X L. A study on the availability of urban neighborhood environment in children's outdoor physical activities: taking Beijing Yandongyuan community as an example[J]. Acta Sci Nat Univ Pekin, 2015, 51(3): 531-538. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BJDZ201503019.htm
[47]	韩见, 叶成康, 韩西丽. 北京市胡同社区户外环境对儿童感知及体力活动的影响: 以钟楼湾社区为例[J]. 城市发展研究, 2013, 20(5): 1-4. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CSFY201305023.htm HAN J, YE C K, HAN X L. The influence of outdoor environment in Beijing Hutong community on children's perception and physical activity: Taking Zhonglouwan community as an example[J]. Urban Dev Stud, 2013, 20(5): 1-4. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CSFY201305023.htm
[48]	肖萌, 季羿宇, 于海漪. 北京鼓楼苑地区儿童户外活动空间研究[J]. 华中建筑, 2011, 29(2): 86-92. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HZJZ201102024.htm XIAO M, JI Y Y, YU H Y. Research on children's outdoor activity space in Gulouyuan area in Beijing[J]. Huazhong Archit, 2011, 29(2): 86-92. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HZJZ201102024.htm
[49]	王冬, 韩西丽. 北京城中村儿童户外体力活动环境影响因子分析: 以大有庄、骚子营邻里为例[J]. 北京大学学报(自然科学版), 2012, 48(5): 841-847. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BJDZ201205020.htm WANG D, HAN X L. Environmental impact factor analysis of children's outdoor physical activities in beijing urban villages: taking Dayouzhuang and Saoziying neighborhoods as examples[J]. Acta Sci Nat Univ Pekin, 2012, 48(5): 841-847. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BJDZ201205020.htm
[50]	何晓龙, 庄洁, 朱政, 等. 影响儿童青少年中高强度体力活动的建成环境因素: 基于GIS客观测量的研究[J]. 体育与科学, 2017, 38(1): 101-110. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TYYK201701013.htm HE X L, ZHUANG J, ZHU Z, et al. The built environment factors that affect children and adolescents in high-intensity physical activities: a study based on GIS objective measurement[J]. Sports Sci, 2017, 38(1): 101-110. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TYYK201701013.htm
[51]	贺刚, 黄雅君, 王香生, 等. 香港儿童体力活动与住所周围建成环境: 应用GIS的初步研究[J]. 中国运动医学杂志, 2015, 34(5): 431-436. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YDYX201505001.htm HE G, HUANG Y J, WANG X S, et al. Children's physical activity and the built environment around their residence in Hong Kong: a preliminary study using GIS[J]. Chin J Sports Med, 2015, 34(5): 431-436. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YDYX201505001.htm
[52]	林晨薇, 韩西丽, 范京. 土地开发强度对儿童户外体力活动的影响: 以深圳市为例[J]. 城市规划, 2018, 42(11): 97-102. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CSGH201811014.htm LIN C W, HAN X L, FAN J. The impact of land development intensity on children's outdoor physical activities: taking Shenzhen as an example[J]. City Plan Rev, 2018, 42(11): 97-102. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CSGH201811014.htm
[53]	邱成刚. 空气污染或致儿童智力障碍[J]. 发明与创新(大科技), 2019(1): 56. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-FMGX201901032.htm QIU C G. Air pollution may cause intellectual disability in children[J]. Invent Innov, 2019(1): 56. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-FMGX201901032.htm
[54]	薛嘉川. 北京市空气污染和体力活动对儿童心肺功能的影响[D]. 北京: 首都体育学院, 2019. XUE J C. The impact of Beijing's air pollution and physical activity on children's cardiopulmonary function[D]. Beijing: Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, 2019.
[55]	胡佳, 沈明珠, 詹斌秉, 等. 短期空气污染与苏州儿童青少年血压的关联性[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2018, 39(9): 1374-1376. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.09.027 HU J, SHEN M Z, ZHAN B B, et al. The relationship between short-term air pollution and blood pressure in Suzhou children and adolescents[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2018, 39(9): 1374-1376. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.09.027
[56]	HU L, ZHU L, XU Y P, et al. Relationship between air quality and outdoor exercise behavior in China: a novel mobile based study[J]. Int J Behav Med, 2017, 24(4): 520-527. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28534316
[57]	AN R, YU H. Impact of ambient fine particulate matter air pollution on health behaviors: a longitudinal study of university students in Beijing, China[J]. Public Health, 2018, 159: 107-115.
[58]	郭强. 中国儿童青少年身体活动水平及其影响因素的研究[D]. 上海: 华东师范大学, 2016. GUO Q. A study on the physical activity level of Chinese children and adolescents and its influencing factors[D]. Shanghai: East China Normal University, 2016.
[59]	弓腊梅, 盛佳智, 张超. 父母体力活动水平对子女体力活动水平的影响[J]. 职业与健康, 2017, 33(1): 59-62. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZYJK201701017.htm GONG L M, SHENG J Z, ZHANG C. The influence of parents' physical activity level on children's physical activity level[J]. Occup Health, 2017, 33(1): 59-62. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZYJK201701017.htm
[60]	马军, 吴双胜, 李百惠, 等. 五个城市不同营养状况中小学生体力活动现状调查[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2009, 30(3): 214-217. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XIWS200903012.htm MA J, WU S S, LI B H, et al. Investigation on physical activity status of primary and middle school students with different nutritional status in five cities[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2009, 30(3): 214-217. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XIWS200903012.htm
[61]	胡香英, 林茜, 李方, 等. 长沙市4~6年级小学生体形认知与每日体力活动时间的研究[J]. 实用预防医学, 2013, 20(5): 534-538. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYYY201305008.htm HU X Y, LIN Q, LI F, et al. A study on the body shape cognition and daily physical activity time of 4-6 grade pupils in Changsha City[J]. Pract Prev Med, 2013, 20(5): 534-538. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYYY201305008.htm
[62]	朱丽, 胡亮, 成守彬, 等. 影响幼儿体力活动水平的心理因素研究[J]. 浙江体育科学, 2016, 38(4): 99-104. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZJTK201604022.htm ZHU L, HU L, CHENG S B, et al. Research on psychological factors that affect children's physical activity level[J]. Zhejiang Sports Sci, 2016, 38(4): 99-104. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZJTK201604022.htm