重庆市中小学生维生素D缺乏和血压偏高现况及相关性

陈京蓉; 熊鹰; 张洁; 田渝; 龙诚

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.08.026

重庆市中小学生维生素D缺乏和血压偏高现况及相关性

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.08.026

陈京蓉¹,
熊鹰^1, ,,
张洁²,
田渝³,
龙诚¹

1.
重庆市疾病预防控制中心公共卫生安全与监测所，400042
2.
重庆市疾病预防控制中心理化与卫生毒理检测所
3.
重庆市南岸区疾病预防控制中心公卫科

基金项目:

庆市科卫联合医学科研项目 2018MSXM083

详细信息

作者简介:
陈京蓉(1989-)，女，重庆市人，大学本科，主管医师，主要研究方向为营养与食品卫生学

通讯作者:
熊鹰，E-mail：54469190@qq.com

中图分类号: R151 R153.2 R725.4
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-11-03
- 修回日期: 2020-12-15
- 网络出版日期: 2021-08-20
- 刊出日期: 2021-08-25

Prevalence and correlation of vitamin D deficiency and high blood pressure in primary and middle school students in Chongqing

1.
Institute of Public Health and Safety Monnitoring, Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing(400042), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解重庆市中小学生维生素D缺乏和血压偏高现况及其相关性，为有针对性防治儿童高血压的发生发展提供参考依据。方法 2016年10月至2017年1月，通过多阶段分层随机抽样在重庆市选择3个农村点和3个城市点共1 360名7~17岁中小学生，开展问卷调查、体格测量、血压测量和血清维生素D检测。结果中小学生维生素D缺乏率为9.71%，不足率为62.57%；血压偏高率为25.88%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，调整了年龄、经济状况、腰围和体质量指数(BMI)分类、高血压家族史等因素后，维生素D缺乏和不足组发生高血压的风险是正常组的1.42倍，收缩压偏高的风险是正常组的1.59倍(P值均 < 0.05)。结论重庆市中小学生维生素D缺乏和不足、血压偏高现象较突出，需引起关注。维生素D不足和缺乏者较容易出现血压偏高。
- 维生素D缺乏 /
- 血压 /
- 患病率 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To understand the status of vitamin D deficiency and high blood pressure in primary and middle school students aged 7 to 17 years old in Chongqing, and to explore the correlation between vitamin D deficiency and high blood pressure in children and adolescents. Methods From 2016 to 2017, a total of 1 360 primary and middle school students, aged 7 to 17 years old, were selected from three rural and three urban sites in Chongqing using multi-stage stratified random sampling. This study carried out a questionnaire survey, and participants underwent a physical examination which included blood pressure and serum vitamin D assessments. Results The deficiency and insufficiency rates of vitamin D were 9.71%, and 62.57%, respectively. The high blood pressure rate was 25.88%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for age, economic status, waist circumference, BMI classification, and family history of hypertension, the risk of hypertension was 1.42 times that of the normal group (P < 0.05), and the risk of high systolic blood pressure was 1.59 times that of the normal group (P < 0.05). Conclusion The deficiency and insufficiency rate of vitamin D among children and adolescents aged 7 to 17 years old in Chongqing was high, and the phenomenon of high blood pressure was prominent. Students with vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were more likely to have high blood pressure.
- Vitamin D deficiency /
- Blood pressure /
- Prevalence /
- Regression analysis /
- Students

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表 1 重庆市不同组别中小学生血清维生素D缺乏和不足检出率比较

Table 1. Deficiency and severe deficiency of serum vitamin D in primary and middle school students in Chongqing

组别	选项	人数	维生素D缺乏	维生素D不足	Z值	P值
性别	男	681	47(6.90)	398(58.44)	-6.19	< 0.01
	女	679	85(12.52)	453(66.72)
年龄/岁	7~8	285	14(4.91)	168(58.95)	56.17	< 0.01
	9~11	458	39(8.52)	259(56.55)
	12~14	353	54(15.30)	245(69.41)
	15~17	264	25(9.47)	179(67.80)
地区	城市	695	61(8.78)	409(58.85)	-3.72	< 0.01
	农村	665	71(10.68)	442(66.47)
合计		1 360	132(9.71)	851(62.57)
注：()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 2 重庆市不同组别中小学生血压偏高检出率比较

Table 2. High blood pressure in primary and middle school students aged 7-17 in Chongqing

组别	选项	人数	血压偏高	收缩压偏高	舒张压偏高
性别	男	681	176(25.84)	131(19.24)	83(12.19)
	女	679	176(25.92)	122(17.97)	104(15.32)
年龄/岁	7~8	285	90(31.58)	65(22.81)	45(15.79)
	9~11	458	138(30.13)	104(22.71)	69(15.07)
	12~14	353	74(20.96)	49(13.88)	48(13.60)
	15~17	264	50(18.94)	35(13.26)	25(9.47)
地区	城市	695	138(19.86)	92(13.24)	69(9.93)
	农村	665	214(32.18)	161(24.21)	118(17.74)
合计		1 360	352(25.88)	253(18.60)	187(13.75)
注：()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 3 重庆市中小学生维生素D缺乏和血压偏高的二元Logistic回归分析(n=1 360)

Table 3. Binary Logistic regression analysis of Vitamin D deficiency and high blood pressure students aged 7-17 in Chongqing(n=1 360)

因变量	自变量	β值	标准误	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值(OR值95%CI)
血压	BMI
	消瘦	0.10	0.27	0.14	0.71	1.11(0.66~1.87)
	超重	0.70	0.26	7.15	0.01	2.01(1.21~3.36)
	肥胖	1.10	0.32	11.56	< 0.01	3.01(1.59~5.67)
	腰围
	正常腰围高值	-0.66	0.25	6.83	0.01	0.52(0.32~0.85)
	高腰围	0.05	0.30	0.03	0.86	1.05(0.59~1.88)
	无高血压家族史	-0.46	0.17	6.89	0.01	0.63(0.45~0.89)
	空腹血糖偏高	0.24	0.19	1.60	0.21	1.27(0.88~1.83)
	年龄/岁
	9~11	-0.02	0.18	0.01	0.91	0.98(0.69~1.39)
	12~14	-0.68	0.20	11.62	< 0.01	0.51(0.34~0.75)
	15~17	-0.79	0.22	12.59	< 0.01	0.45(0.29~0.70)
	女生	0.02	0.14	0.02	0.90	1.02(0.78~1.33)
	监测点经济水平
	普通农村	-2.04	0.24	71.97	< 0.01	0.13(0.08~0.21)
	中小城市	-1.10	0.23	23.74	< 0.01	0.33(0.21~0.52)
	大城市	-1.43	0.17	67.38	< 0.01	0.24(0.17~0.34)
	维生素D缺乏和不足	0.35	0.17	4.09	0.04	1.42(1.01~1.98)
收缩压	BMI
	消瘦	-0.14	0.33	0.17	0.68	0.87(0.46~1.67)
	超重	0.45	0.28	2.45	0.12	1.56(0.89~2.72)
	肥胖	0.72	0.35	4.14	0.04	2.06(1.03~4.12)
	腰围
	正常腰围高值	-0.34	0.28	1.47	0.23	0.71(0.41~1.24)
	高腰围	0.41	0.33	1.54	0.22	1.51(0.79~2.88)
	无高血压家族史	-0.38	0.20	3.50	0.06	0.69(0.46~1.02)
	空腹血糖偏高	0.18	0.21	0.76	0.38	1.20(0.80~1.80)
	年龄/岁
	9~11	-0.01	0.20	< 0.01	0.96	0.99(0.67~1.45)
	12~14	-0.80	0.23	12.27	< 0.01	0.45(0.29~0.70)
	15~17	-0.83	0.25	10.69	< 0.01	0.44(0.27~0.72)
	女生	-0.12	0.15	0.57	0.45	0.89(0.66~1.21)
	监测点经济水平
	普通农村	-2.53	0.33	58.41	< 0.01	0.08(0.04~0.15)
	中小城市	-1.99	0.32	39.36	< 0.01	0.14(0.07~0.26)
	大城市	-1.32	0.19	48.72	< 0.01	0.27(0.19~0.39)
	维生素D缺乏和不足	0.47	0.20	5.47	0.02	1.59(1.08~2.36)
舒张压	BMI
	消瘦	0.25	0.31	0.64	0.42	1.28(0.70~2.36)
	超重	0.50	0.32	2.42	0.12	1.65(0.88~3.12)
	肥胖	0.33	0.38	12.06	< 0.01	3.78(1.79~8.01)
	腰围
	正常腰围高值	-0.91	0.34	7.11	0.01	0.40(0.21~0.79)
	高腰围	-0.27	0.36	0.55	0.46	0.76(0.37~1.56)
	无高血压家族史	-0.28	0.23	1.53	0.22	0.76(0.49~1.18)
	空腹血糖偏高	0.06	0.24	0.07	0.80	1.06(0.67~1.70)
	年龄/岁
	9~11	0.06	0.22	0.07	0.79	1.06(0.69~1.64)
	12~14	-0.13	0.24	0.27	0.60	0.88(0.55~1.41)
	15~17	-0.52	0.28	3.44	0.06	0.59(0.34~1.03)
	女生	0.34	0.17	3.95	0.05	1.40(1.01~1.95)
	监测点经济水平
	普通农村	-0.64	0.30	30.83	< 0.01	0.19(0.11~0.35)
	中小城市	-0.40	0.25	2.58	0.11	0.67(0.41~1.09)
	大城市	-1.60	0.24	45.61	< 0.01	0.20(0.13~0.32)
	维生素D缺乏和不足	0.04	0.21	0.04	0.84	1.04(0.70~1.57)

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