Relationship between classroom lighting and poor vision of students in primary and secondary schools in Tianjin
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摘要:
目的 了解天津市中小学校教室采光照明和学生视力不良的关系，为有针对性地制定中小学生视力保护措施提供参考依据。 方法 于2020年9—10月，采用分层整群抽样的方法，选取天津市89所中小学共623间教室、24 713名学生为研究对象。采用照度计监测教室采光照明环境，标准对数视力灯箱检测学生裸眼视力。采用SPSS 24.0进行χ2检验、方差分析和二元Logistic回归分析。 结果 天津市中小学生视力不良检出率为67.86%，黑板反射比、黑板面平均照度、黑板面照度均匀度、课桌面平均照度、课桌面照度均匀度合格率分别为58.11%，53.13%，73.19%，66.61%，75.12%。单因素分析显示，黑板反射比、黑板面平均照度、课桌面平均照度、课桌面照度均匀度是否合格对中小学生视力不良影响差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为311.29，62.54，61.71，6.59，P值均 < 0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，黑板反射比、黑板面平均照度、课桌面平均照度不合格与中小学生视力不良均呈正相关[OR值(OR值95%CI)分别为1.19(1.11~1.27)，1.27(1.17~ 1.37)，1.11(1.02 ~1.20)，P值均 < 0.05]。 结论 天津市中小学生视力不良问题较严重，黑板反射比、黑板面平均照度、课桌面平均照度是中小学生发生视力不良的重要影响因素，应营造良好的教室采光照明环境。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the relationship between classroom lighting and poor vision of students in primary and secondary schools in Tianjin, and to provide reference for targeted prevention measures for comprehensive school eye health programmes. Methods A total of 623 classrooms and 24 713 students in 89 primary and secondary schools in Tianjin were selected using stratified cluster sampling method in Sep.to Oct. of 2020. The illuminometer was used to monitor the lighting environment of the classroom, and the standard logarithmic vision light box was used to detect the naked eye vision of students. Chi-square test, variance analysis and binary Logistic regression were used in SPSS software. Results Rate of low vision among primary and secondary school students in Tianjin was 67.86%. The qualification rate of blackboard reflectance, blackboard average illumination, blackboard illumination uniformity, desk average illumination and desk illumination uniformity were 58.11%, 53.13%, 73.19%, 66.61% and 75.12%, respectively. Univariate analyses showed that the blackboard reflectance, blackboard average illumination, desk average illumination, and desk illumination uniformity were associated with low vision among students(χ2=311.29, 62.54, 61.71, 6.59, P < 0.05). Multivariable Logistic regression analysis showed that blackboard reflectance, average illumination of blackboard and desk were associated with higher risk of poor vision[OR(95%CI)=1.19(1.11-1.27), 1.27(1.17-1.37), 1.11(1.02-1.20), P < 0.05]. Conclusion Prevalence of low vision among primary and secondary school students in Tianjin is relatively high. Blackboard reflectance, average illumination of blackboard and desk are the important determinants for poor vision of primary and secondary school students. Creating effective classroom lighting scheme is crucial for vision health among students. -
Key words:
- Vision, low /
- Lighting /
- Eligibility determination /
- Students
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表 1 天津市不同组别中小学生视力不良检出率比较
Table 1. Comparison of the rate of poor eyesight among primary and secondary school students in different groups in Tianjin
组别 选项 人数 轻度 中度 重度 χ2值 P值 性别 男 12 978 1 430(11.02) 2 646(20.39) 4 323(33.31) 170.49 < 0.01 女 11 735 1 275(10.86) 2 322(19.79) 4 774(40.68) 地区 城市 11 716 1 229(10.49) 2 473(21.11) 4 372(37.32) 23.13 < 0.01 郊区 12 997 1 476(11.36) 2 495(19.20) 4 725(36.35) 学段 小学低年级(一至三) 6 482 1 290(19.90) 1 152(17.77) 431(6.65) 5 782.59 < 0.01 小学高年级(四至六) 6 384 790(12.37) 1 552(24.31) 1 752(27.44) 初中 6 400 386(6.03) 1 388(21.69) 3 327(51.98) 高中 5 447 239(4.39) 876(16.08) 3 587(65.85) 合计 24 713 2 705(10.95) 4 968(20.10) 9 097(36.81) 注：()内数字为检出率/%。 
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表 2 天津市中小学校采光照明监测项目合格率比较
Table 2. Comparison of qualified rate of lighting monitoring items in primary and secondary schools in Tianjin
组别 选项 监测教室 统计值 黑板反射比 黑板面平均照度 黑板面照度均匀度 课桌面平均照度 课桌面照度均匀度 学段 小学低年级(一至三) 162 128(79.01) 116(71.60) 125(77.16) 127(78.40) 132(81.48) 小学高年级(四至六) 162 95(58.64) 88(54.32) 112(69.14) 107(66.05) 118(72.84) 初中 158 69(43.67) 69(43.67) 114(72.15) 104(65.82) 115(72.78) 高中 141 70(49.65) 58(41.13) 105(74.47) 77(54.61) 103(73.05) χ2值 46.78 36.12 2.86 19.28 4.74 P值 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.41 < 0.01 0.19 地区 城市 311 218(70.10) 200(64.31) 247(79.42) 231(74.28) 250(80.39) 郊区 312 144(46.15) 131(41.99) 209(66.99) 184(58.97) 218(69.87) χ2值 36.62 31.11 12.25 16.37 9.20 P值 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 合计 623 362(58.11) 331(53.13) 456(73.19) 415(66.61) 468(75.12) 注：()内数字为合格率/%。
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表 3 教室采光照明对学生视力不良影响的单因素分析
Table 3. Single factor analysis of effects of classroom lighting on students' poor eyesight
因素 是否合格 人数 视力不良 χ2值 P值 黑板反射比 合格 14 677 9 321(63.51) 311.29 < 0.01 不合格 10 036 7 449(74.22) 黑板面平均照度 合格 13 315 8 746(65.69) 62.54 < 0.01 不合格 11 398 8 024(70.40) 黑板面照度均匀度 合格 18 286 12 374(67.67) 1.11 0.29 不合格 6 427 4 396(68.40) 课桌面平均照度 合格 16 531 10 947(66.22) 61.71 < 0.01 不合格 8 182 5 823(71.17) 课桌面照度均匀度 合格 18 640 12 567(67.42) 6.59 0.01 不合格 6 073 4 203(69.21) 注：()内数字为检出率/%。
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表 4 教室采光照明对学生视力不良影响的Logistic回归分析(n=24 713)
Table 4. Logistic regression analysis of effects of classroom lighting on students' poor eyesight(n=24 713)
自变量 选项 β值 标准误 Wald χ2值 OR值(OR值95%CI) P值 性别 女 0.34 0.03 130.59 1.40(1.32~1.48) < 0.01 地区 郊区 0.01 0.03 0.11 1.01(0.95~1.07) 0.73 学段 小学高年级(四至六) 0.82 0.04 484.77 2.26(2.11~2.44) < 0.01 初中 1.61 0.04 1 442.04 4.98(4.58~5.41) < 0.01 高中 2.08 0.05 1 844.69 8.03(7.30~8.83) < 0.01 黑板反射比 不合格 0.17 0.03 27.93 1.19(1.11~1.27) < 0.01 黑板面平均照度 不合格 0.24 0.04 33.35 1.27(1.17~1.37) < 0.01 课桌面平均照度 不合格 0.10 0.04 5.54 1.11(1.02~1.20) 0.02 课桌面照度均匀度 不合格 -0.05 0.04 1.65 0.95(0.89~1.02) 0.19
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