情境体育游戏对幼儿粗大动作及社会性发展的影响

文蕊香; 姜桂萍; 赵盼超; 宾晓亮; 董佳

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.08.023

情境体育游戏对幼儿粗大动作及社会性发展的影响

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.08.023

1.
北京师范大学体育与运动学院，北京 100875
2.
北京大学医学部幼儿园

基金项目:

国家社会科学基金教育学一般课题项目 20BTY070

详细信息

作者简介:
文蕊香(1992-)，女，湖南长沙人，在读博士，主要研究方向为幼儿动作发展

通讯作者:
姜桂萍，E-mail: jiang_guiping0401@126.com

中图分类号: R179 G617.8
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-12-17
- 修回日期: 2021-03-06
- 网络出版日期: 2021-08-20
- 刊出日期: 2021-08-25

Impact of situational sport games on gross movements and social development among children aged 4-5 years old

1.
Beijing Normal University-College of P.E. and Sports, Beijing (100875), China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨情境体育游戏对4~5岁幼儿粗大动作及社会性发展的影响，为促进学龄前儿童健康发展提供参考。方法 2019年4—7月，采用方便抽样在北京某公立幼儿园随机抽取71名4~5岁幼儿，采用随机数字表法将其分为实验组36名(进行8周情境体育游戏干预)和对照组35名(常规学习生活)。采用大肌肉动作发展测试(TGMD-3)和“3~9岁儿童的社会性发展量表”作为粗大动作和社会性发展水平的测查工具，对结果进行比较分析。结果干预前，实验组和对照组幼儿粗大动作总分(42.63±7.62，43.00±9.16)和社会性发展总分(211.88±6.68，212.71±9.80)差异均无统计学意义(t值分别为-0.18，-0.37，P值均＞0.05)。干预后，实验组和对照组粗大动作总分(67.80±9.80，45.68±9.47)和社会性发展总分(228.30±6.37，214.71±8.65)较干预前均提高(t值分别为25.82，3.22；15.90，2.13，P值均＜0.05)，且实验组粗大动作和社会性发展水平高于对照组(t值分别为9.66，7.54，P值均＜0.05)。方法 8周情境体育游戏可促进4~5岁幼儿粗大动作和社会性发展。建议促进幼儿发展的干预手段应考虑多个发展领域。
- 生长和发育 /
- 体育运动 /
- 干预生研究 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To explore the impact of situational sport games on gross movement and social development among children aged 4-5 years, and to provide references for promoting the healthy development of preschool children. Methods Seventy-one children aged 4-5 were randomly selected from one public kindergarten in Beijing during Apr. to Jul. of 2019 and were randomly divided into experimental group (n=36, 8-week situational sports game intervention) and control group (n=35, regular learning and playing). The Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD-3) and social development scale for children aged 3-9 were used to assess gross movement and social development, respectively, which were then compared and analyzed. Results Before intervention, the total score of gross motor development[intervention group (42.63±7.62), control group (43.00±9.16)] and social development[intervention group (211.88±6.68), control group (212.71±9.80)] showed no significant differences between the two groups(t=-0.18, -0.37, P>0.05). After intervention, increases in gross motor development[intervention group (67.80±9.80), control group (45.68±9.47)] and social development level[intervention group (228.30±6.37), control group (214.71±8.65)] were observed in both groups(t=25.82, 3.22;15.90, 2.13, P<0.05), with gross movement and social development scores higher in intervention group than that of the control group(t=9.66, 7.54, P<0.05). Conclusion 8-week situational sports games can promote gross movement and social development of 4-5-year-old children. It is suggested that interventions to promote early childhood development should be aware of multiple dimensions of development.
- Growth and development /
- Sports /
- Intervention studies /
- Child

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表 1 情境体育游戏内容

Table 1. Contents of situational sports games

干预时间/周	游戏名称	动作	认知	社会性
1~2	小白兔和大灰狼	移动、稳定	认识蔬菜、认识动物	情绪稳定性、意志、生活习惯等
	赶鸭子	移动、操作	区分颜色、认识数量	共情和助人、同伴关系、好胜心等
	飞机运快递	移动、精细	区分颜色、区分大小	遵守社会规则、社会认知、好胜心等
3~4	小猴采果子	移动、稳定	认识形状、认识数量	独立性、内外向性、遵守社会规则等
	采蘑菇	移动、操作	认识数量、区分形状	同伴关系、遵守社会规则、诚实公正等
	小动物找食物	移动、精细	认识动物、区分形状	独立性、自我概念、遵守社会规则等
5~6	爱冒险的小猴子	移动、稳定	认识水果、区分颜色	内外向性、情绪稳定性、诚实公正等
	给妈妈的礼物	移动、精细	区分颜色、了解序列	依恋家人、自尊、自我概念等
	炮弹打怪兽	移动、操作	认识数量、了解距离	遵守社会规则、情绪稳定性、好胜心等
7~8	小鸡捉虫	稳定、精细	认识蔬菜、区分颜色	生活习惯、同伴关系、社会认知等
	古堡探险	移动、操作	认识数量、区分形状	同伴关系、共情和助人、独立性等
	五彩缤纷的球	操作、精细	区分颜色、认识数量	遵守社会规则、诚实公正、无侵犯性等

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表 2 两组幼儿在情境体育游戏干预前后粗大动作发展测试得分比较(x±s)

Table 2. Comparison of the test scores of gross movement development of two groups of children before and after the intervention of situational sports games(x±s)

组别	干预前后	统计值	跑	前滑步	单脚跳	蹦跳	立定跳远	侧滑步	移动类总分	击打固定球
实验组	干预前		4.75±1.22	3.16±1.66	2.80±1.32	2.08±1.66	4.27±1.81	4.08±1.46	21.16±4.69	3.38±1.80
(n=36)	干预后		6.19±1.21	5.47±1.57	5.02±1.48	3.69±1.75	5.66±1.54	5.66±1.47	31.72±5.76	6.36±1.77
		t值	-6.79	-7.96	-9.41	-6.80	-6.80	-5.15	-17.41	-8.16
		P值	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01
对照组	干预前		4.85±1.57	3.14±1.51	2.94±2.04	2.05±1.55	4.22±1.98	4.25±2.13	21.48±6.35	3.28±1.70
(n=35)	干预后		5.22±1.28	3.34±1.43	3.08±2.14	2.42±1.70	4.57±1.92	4.45±1.92	23.11±6.17	3.42±1.68
		t值	-2.25	-1.04	-0.77	-2.33	-1.34	-0.71	-2.80	-1.09
		P值	＜0.05	＞0.05	＞0.05	＜0.05	＞0.05	＞0.05	＜0.01	＞0.05

组别	干预前后	统计值	击打反弹球	双手接球	下手抛球	脚踢固定球	原地运球	肩上投球	操作类总分	TGMD-3总分
实验组	干预前		2.58±1.59	3.08±0.96	3.97±1.25	3.22±1.09	2.08±1.02	3.13±1.67	21.47±4.99	42.63±7.62
(n=36)	干预后		4.50±1.40	4.33±0.98	5.77±1.64	5.33±1.39	4.13±1.47	5.63±1.64	36.08±5.74	67.80±9.80
		t值	-7.97	-8.27	-8.03	-10.05	-7.87	-7.69	-21.63	-25.82
		P值	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01
对照组	干预前		2.68±1.40	3.25±1.26	4.02±1.17	3.08±1.40	2.14±1.41	3.02±1.56	21.51±5.17	43.00±9.16
(n=35)	干预后		3.00±1.41	3.22±1.45	4.08±1.40	3.28±1.17	2.25±1.19	3.28±1.60	22.57±5.07	45.68±9.47
		t值	-1.36	0.16	-0.37	-1.31	-0.89	-1.07	-1.82	-3.22
		P值	＞0.05	＞0.05	＞0.05	＞0.05	＞0.05	＞0.05	＞0.05	＜0.01
注：干预后实验组与对照组比较，P值均<0.05。

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表 3 两组幼儿在情境体育游戏干预前后社会性发展测试得分比较(x±s)

Table 3. Comparison of the test scores of social development of two groups of children before and after the intervention of situational sports games(x±s)

组别	干预前后	统计值	遵守社会规则	社会认知	意志	生活习惯	内外向性	依恋家人	情绪稳定性	自我概念
实验组	干预前		14.86±1.01	13.69±1.30	13.05±1.54	13.08±1.31	13.52±1.55	16.58±0.96	12.61±1.02	12.11±0.97
(n=36)	干预后		17.05±1.62	15.05±1.26	13.08±1.29	13.47±0.97	13.86±0.89	16.36±0.89	13.08±0.87	14.47±1.02
		t值	-8.13	-5.60	-0.10	-2.02	-1.24	-1.84	-2.83	-9.47
		P值	＜0.01	＜0.01	＞0.05	＞0.05	＞0.05	＞0.05	＜0.05	＜0.01
对照组	干预前		14.91±1.46	13.48±1.26	12.80±1.74	13.05±0.90	13.71±1.20	16.80±0.96	12.54±1.06	12.10±0.71
(n=35)	干预后		15.22±1.73^*	13.68±1.10^*	13.02±1.48	13.17±0.85	13.82±0.85	16.68±0.96	12.68±1.02	12.20±1.07^*
		t值	-1.36	-1.09	-1.07	-0.94	-0.53	1.43	-1.15	-0.40
		P值	＞0.05	＞0.05	＞0.05	＞0.05	＞0.05	＞0.05	＞0.05	＞0.05

组别	干预前后	统计值	同伴关系	无侵犯性	独立性	诚实公正	共情和助人	好胜心	自尊心	总分
实验组	干预前		12.83±1.53	16.88±1.08	13.25±0.99	15.36±1.57	13.61±1.45	13.66±1.21	16.91±1.22	211.88±6.68
(n=36)	干预后		14.50±1.57	18.33±1.28	13.83±1.08	17.58±1.15	15.38±1.43	14.75±1.54	17.58±1.31	228.30±6.37
		t值	-6.53	-6.26	-5.39	-7.65	-5.90	-4.67	-4.32	-15.90
		P值	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01
对照组	干预前		13.17±2.09	16.77±1.16	13.17±1.50	15.40±0.97	13.97±1.70	13.62±1.92	17.17±0.98	212.71±9.80
(n=35)	干预后		13.31±2.01^*	16.88±1.02^*	13.34±1.34	15.54±1.35^*	13.94±1.58^*	13.88±1.87^*	17.40±1.20	214.71±8.65^*
		t值	-0.72	-0.61	-0.94	-0.84	0.09	-1.71	-1.67	-2.13
		P值	＞0.05	＞0.05	＞0.05	＞0.05	＞0.05	＞0.05	＞0.05	＜0.05
注：干预后与实验组比较，*P<0.05。

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