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厦门市中小学生营养状况与身体素质指标的相关性

张艺玲 赖圳宾 邱爱明 余红 林嘉 危文坚 陈雪琳

张艺玲, 赖圳宾, 邱爱明, 余红, 林嘉, 危文坚, 陈雪琳. 厦门市中小学生营养状况与身体素质指标的相关性[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2021, 42(8): 1212-1215. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.08.021
引用本文: 张艺玲, 赖圳宾, 邱爱明, 余红, 林嘉, 危文坚, 陈雪琳. 厦门市中小学生营养状况与身体素质指标的相关性[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2021, 42(8): 1212-1215. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.08.021
ZHANG Yiling, LAI Zhenbin, QIU Aiming, YU Hong, LIN Jia, WEI Wenjian, CHEN Xuelin. Association between nutritional status and indicators of physical fitness and physical capacity among primary and secondary school students in Xiamen[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH, 2021, 42(8): 1212-1215. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.08.021
Citation: ZHANG Yiling, LAI Zhenbin, QIU Aiming, YU Hong, LIN Jia, WEI Wenjian, CHEN Xuelin. Association between nutritional status and indicators of physical fitness and physical capacity among primary and secondary school students in Xiamen[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH, 2021, 42(8): 1212-1215. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.08.021

厦门市中小学生营养状况与身体素质指标的相关性

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.08.021
详细信息
    作者简介:

    张艺玲(1982-),女,福建南靖人,硕士,副主任医师,主要从事学校卫生工作

  • 中图分类号: R153.2  R151  G804.49

Association between nutritional status and indicators of physical fitness and physical capacity among primary and secondary school students in Xiamen

  • 摘要:   目的  探讨厦门市中小学生营养状况及其与身体功能和体能指标之间的关联,为改善中小学生的营养状况和身体素质提供数据支持。  方法  2019年10—11月,采用随机分层整群抽样方法,抽取厦门市2 752名6~18岁汉族中小学生为研究对象,将其分为营养不良组、正常体重组和超重肥胖组,利用χ2检验、Kruskal-wallis检验和偏相关分析进行统计分析。  结果  厦门市中小学生营养不良检出率为8.4%(231名),超重肥胖检出率为24.2%(667名),男生超重肥胖检出率(31.4%)高于女生(17.0%),营养状况在不同年龄间分布差异有统计学意义(χ2=40.43,P<0.05)。在肺活量体重指数上,男、女生均表现为超重肥胖组低于体重正常组,体重正常组低于营养不良组(χ2值分别为14.2,5.6;17.2,11.6,P值均<0.01);男、女生握力体重指数、50 m跑及体能指数(PFI)均表现为正常体重组均优于超重肥胖组(χ2值分别为99.5,6.6,10.4;8.18,5.16,7.13,P值均<0.05)。  方法  厦门市中小学生超重肥胖防控形势严峻,超重肥胖均会导致身体功能和体能素质下降。应重视营养状况的改善,提高学生身体素质。
  • 表  1  不同年龄段中小学生营养状况分布

    Table  1.   Distribution of the nutritional status of primary and secondary school students in different age groups

    年龄/岁 男生 女生
    人数 营养不良 正常体重 超重肥胖 人数 营养不良 正常体重 超重肥胖
    6~9 432 43(10.0) 263(60.9) 126(29.2) 433 54(12.5) 298(68.8) 81(18.7)
    10~12 323 29(9.0) 159(49.2) 135(41.8) 321 32(10.0) 239(74.5) 50(15.6)
    13~15 323 27(8.4) 198(61.3) 98(30.3) 324 18(5.6) 247(76.2) 59(18.2)
    16~18 302 15(5.0) 212(70.2) 75(24.8) 294 13(4.4) 238(81.0) 43(14.6)
    合计 1 380 114(8.3) 832(60.3) 434(31.4) 1 372 117(8.5) 1 022(74.5) 233(17.0)
    注: ()内数字为构成比/%。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  不同营养状况学生身体功能和体能指标比较[M(P25P75)]

    Table  2.   Comparsion of physical function and phusical fitness of students with different nutritional status[M(P25, P75)]

    性别 营养状况 人数 统计值 心率/(次·min-1) 收缩压/mm Hg 舒张压/mm Hg 肺活量体重指数/(mL·kg-1) 握力体重指数
    营养不良 114 88.0(78.0, 98.0)ab 105.0(98.0, 113.0)ab 63.0(59.0, 68.0)ab 59.3(50.7, 66.1)ab 0.5(0.3, 0.6)ab
    正常体重 832 84.0(76.0, 94.0) 110.0(102.0, 117.0)c 64.0(95.0, 68.8) 56.1(48.5, 62.8)c 0.5(0.4, 0.6)c
    超重肥胖 434 87.0(78.0, 96.0) 113.0(105.0, 122.0) 69.0(64.0, 73.0) 43.0(36.7, 50.5) 0.4(0.3, 0.5)
    Z 9.5 54.3 117.8 331.3 121.7
    P < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01
    营养不良 117 96.0(86.0, 106.0)ab 102.0(95.0, 108.0)ab 64.0(58.0, 69.0)ab 53.9(47.9, 59.1)ab 0.5(0.3, 0.5)ab
    正常体重 1 022 88.0(80.0, 96.0) 105.0(98.0, 112.0)c 65.0(60.0, 70.0) 47.9(43.1, 53.5)c 0.4(0.3, 0.5)c
    超重肥胖 233 90.0(80.0, 98.0) 107.0(101.0, 114.0) 69.0(63.5, 74.0) 38.4(33.6, 43.6) 0.3(0.3, 0.4)
    Z 32.6 23.4 45.4 261.6 101.1
    P < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01
    性别 营养状况 人数 统计值 坐位体前屈/cm 肌力/(次·min-1) 立定跳远/cm 50 m跑/s 耐力跑/s PFI
    营养不良 114 5.0(1.4, 9.1) 20.0(2.0, 39.0)ab 162.0(125.0, 195.0)ab 9.1(8.0, 10.3)a 131.9(117.2, 228.8)ab 0.5(-1.4, 2.5)a
    正常体重 832 5.2(1.2, 9.8) 12.0(2.0, 32.0) 178.0(135.0, 213.0) 8.4(7.4, 10.0)c 175.2(122.4, 238.9)c 0.7(-1.3, 2.4)c
    超重肥胖 434 5.0(1.3, 10.4) 14.0(1.0, 28.0) 153.0(121.0, 189.3) 9.3(8.1, 10.5) 146.3(127.2, 254.3) -1.2(-3.0, 0.6)
    Z 0.5 14.6 48.4 46.8 11.8 112.9
    P 0.79 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01
    营养不良 117 11.0(5.6, 14.5) 29.0(19.0, 37.0)ab 130.0(113.0, 151.5)ab 10.0(9.2, 11.0)a 133.1(121.6, 208.4)ab 0.1(-1.5, 1.6)a
    正常体重 1 022 11.8(6.9, 16.4) 34.0(25.0, 42.0)c 143.0(122.0, 160.3)c 9.6(8.9, 10.5)c 158.8(125.7, 230.7)c 0.4(-1.3, 2.0)c
    超重肥胖 233 11.6(8.1, 16.0) 30.0(21.5, 38.0) 131.0(115.0, 154.7) 10.1(9.3, 11.0) 161.9(134.4, 240.6) -1.1(-2.8, 0.8)
    Z 4.9 31.1 26.9 32.8 26.5 50.9
    P 0.08 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01
    注: a为营养不良和正常体重比较,P<0.05;b为营养不良和超重肥胖比较,P<0.05;c为正常体重和超重肥胖比较,P<0.05。1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa。
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2020-11-26
  • 修回日期:  2021-03-08
  • 网络出版日期:  2021-08-20
  • 刊出日期:  2021-08-25

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