辽宁省在校中学生精神活性物质滥用情况及影响因素

杨月明; 杨红玉; 杨洋; 耿凤英; 廖剑波; 金丹

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.08.011

辽宁省在校中学生精神活性物质滥用情况及影响因素

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.08.011

辽宁省检验检测认证中心，沈阳 110036

详细信息

作者简介:
杨月明(1981-)，女，辽宁省抚顺人，硕士，副主任药师，主要从事药品不良反应监测与评价工作

通讯作者:
金丹，E-mail: jindand@163.com

中图分类号: R179 G478 R749.61
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- 文章访问数: 767
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-01-10
- 修回日期: 2021-03-15
- 网络出版日期: 2021-08-20
- 刊出日期: 2021-08-25

Psychoactive substance abuse and associated factors among middle school students in Liaoning

Liaoning Inspection, Examination and Certification Centre, Shenyang(110036), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解辽宁省在校中学生精神活性物质滥用情况及行为特征，探讨其影响因素，为相关部门提出政策建议和参考意见。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法，对辽宁省10座城市的12 598名在校中学生进行问卷调查。采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析精神活性物质滥用的影响因素。结果有0.94%(118名)的在校中学生有精神活性物质滥用行为，滥用比例最高的为职业中学三年级学生(2.04%)，滥用最多的物质是“笑气球”(0.57%)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，女生、学习负担一般与中学生精神活性物质滥用呈负相关(OR值分别为0.57，0.58，P值均 < 0.05)，学习成绩班级排名后10名、每月零花钱≥500元、需要借助药物入眠与中学生精神活性物质滥用呈正相关(OR值分别为1.93，2.52，4.29，P值均 < 0.05)。结论中学生精神活性物质滥用问题不容忽视，应通过学生自身、家庭、学校、政府、社会多方联动，采取宣传、教育、提高青少年认识、早期干预、咨询、治疗等多措并举的方式，以有效预防和控制滥用行为。
- 物质滥用，静脉内 /
- 回归分析 /
- 健康教育 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To investigate psychoactive substance abuse and associated factors among middle school students in Liaoning, and to provide policy suggestions and reference opinions for relevant departments. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 12 598 middle school students in 10 cities of Liaoning by multi-stage stratified cluster sampling. Multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyze associated factors of psychoactive substance abuse. Results About 0.94% (n=118) of all participants reported substance abuse behavior, the highest abuse rate was in the third grade students in vocational middle school, the most common psychoactive substance was "laughing balloon", accounting for 0.57%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that girls, moderate academic burden were generally negatively associated with more psychoactive substance use(OR=0.57, 0.58, P < 0.05). Academic performance class was ranked in the last ten, monthly pocket money more than 500 yuan and sleep with medication were generally positively associated with more psychoactive substance use (OR=1.93, 2.52, 4.29, P < 0.05). Conclusion The problem of psychoactive substance abuse among middle school students can not be ignored. Effective prevention and control of psychoactive substance abuse can be achieved through publicity, education, awareness-raising, early intervention, counseling and treatment, and through coordination of adolescents, families, schools, government and the society.
- Substance abuse, intravenous /
- Regression analysis /
- Health education /
- Students

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表 1 辽宁省在校中学生精神活性物质滥用的单因素分析

Table 1. Single factor analysis of psychoactive substance abuse among middle school students in Liaoning

变量	选项	人数	使用人数	χ²值	P值
性别	男	6 320	82(1.30)	17.88	< 0.01
	女	6 162	35(0.57)
	未回答	116	1(0.86)
学习成绩	班级前10名	3 179	23(0.72)	15.13	< 0.01
	中等偏上	2 462	23(0.93)
	中等	3 163	21(0.66)
	中等偏下	2 265	25(1.10)
	班级后10名	1 494	26(1.74)
学习负担	没有压力	1 557	26(1.67)	12.38	< 0.05
	较小	1 979	18(0.91)
	一般	6 009	45(0.75)
	较大	2 521	22(0.87)
	极大	518	7(1.35)
需要监护人时	总是不在	135	4(2.96)	14.73	< 0.05
监护人是否在	经常不在	349	6(1.72)
	有时在	2 206	29(1.31)
	经常在	4 220	39(0.92)
	总是在	5 632	40(0.71)
每月零花钱	＜100	4 910	34(0.69)	24.62	< 0.01
额度/元	100~199	2 763	20(0.72)
	200~299	1 722	17(0.99)
	300~399	1 155	12(1.04)
	400~499	646	6(0.93)
	≥500	1 322	28(2.12)
父母婚姻状况	关系融洽	7 486	57(0.76)	18.35	< 0.01
	偶尔吵架	3 814	36(0.94)
	经常吵架	292	6(2.05)
	分居	146	2(1.37)
	离婚	812	17(2.09)
与监护人关系	非常差	75	4(5.33)	46.03	< 0.01
	较差	170	5(2.94)
	一般	1 025	21(2.05)
	较好	3 459	38(1.10)
	非常好	7 831	49(0.63)
1周运动情况/d	0	1 597	18(1.13)	12.55	< 0.05
	1	1 979	17(0.86)
	2	3 357	20(0.60)
	3	2 049	15(0.73)
	4	1 034	12(1.16)
	≥5	2 472	35(1.42)
睡眠情况	非常好	8 059	63(0.78)	31.00	< 0.01
	偶尔失眠	3 970	45(1.13)
	总是失眠	466	6(1.29)
	需借助药物	30	3(10.00)
注： ()内数字为报告率/%; 部分项目存在缺失值。

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表 2 辽宁省在校中学生精神活性物质滥用的多因素Logistic回归分析(n=12 598)

Table 2. Multi-factor analysis of psychoactive substance abuse among middle school students in Liaoning(n=12 598)

影响因素	选项	β值	标准误	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值(OR值95%CI)
性别	女	-0.56	0.21	6.92	0.01	0.57(0.38~0.87)
学习成绩	中等偏上	0.30	0.31	0.91	0.34	1.35(0.73~2.48)
	中等	0.01	0.32	0.00	0.97	1.01(0.54~1.89)
	中等偏下	0.49	0.30	2.66	0.10	1.63(0.91~2.95)
	班级排名后10名	0.66	0.30	4.72	0.03	1.93(1.07~3.48)
学习负担	较小	-0.32	0.33	0.98	0.32	0.72(0.38~1.37)
	一般	-0.54	0.27	4.00	0.05	0.58(0.34~0.99)
	较大	-0.44	0.31	2.02	0.16	0.66(0.35~1.18)
	极大	-0.43	0.44	0.93	0.33	0.65(0.27~1.55)
需要帮助时监护人	经常不在	-0.46	0.71	0.43	0.51	0.63(0.16~2.53)
是否在	有时在	-0.25	0.59	0.19	0.67	0.78(0.25~2.45)
	经常在	-0.41	0.59	0.48	0.49	0.67(0.21~2.10)
	总是在	-0.54	0.59	0.82	0.36	0.58(0.18~1.87)
每月零花钱额度/元	100~199	-0.02	0.30	0.00	0.95	0.98(0.55~1.75)
	200~299	0.32	0.31	1.07	0.30	1.38(0.75~2.52)
	300~399	0.40	0.34	1.38	0.24	1.49(0.77~2.92)
	400~499	0.29	0.45	0.42	0.52	1.34(0.56~3.23)
	≥500	0.93	0.29	11.89	0.00	2.52(1.49~4.27)
父母婚姻状况	偶尔吵架	-0.16	0.24	0.45	0.50	0.85(0.53~1.36)
	经常吵架	-0.28	0.56	0.24	0.62	0.76(0.25~2.28)
	分居	-0.20	0.75	0.07	0.79	0.82(0.19~3.56)
	离婚	0.42	0.31	1.80	0.18	1.52(0.82~2.81)
与监护人关系	较差	-0.05	0.78	0.00	0.95	0.95(0.20~4.41)
	一般	-0.30	0.68	0.20	0.66	0.74(0.19~2.81)
	较好	-0.79	0.67	1.38	0.24	0.45(0.12~1.69)
	非常好	-1.29	0.68	3.61	0.06	0.28(0.07~1.04)
一周运动情况/d	1	-0.01	0.35	0.00	0.98	0.99(0.50~1.98)
	2	-0.40	0.34	1.34	0.25	0.67(0.34~1.32)
	3	-0.32	0.38	0.72	0.40	0.73(0.35~1.53)
	4	0.27	0.39	0.47	0.49	1.31(0.61~2.81)
	≥5	0.29	0.31	0.88	0.35	1.34(0.73~2.45)
睡眠情况	偶尔失眠	0.26	0.21	1.59	0.21	1.30(0.86~1.96)
	总是失眠	-0.01	0.45	0.00	0.99	0.99(0.41~2.41)
	需要借助药物	1.46	0.71	4.24	0.04	4.29(1.07~17.18)

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