Relationship between study weariness, self-compassion and problem behaviors of left-behind adolescents
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摘要:
目的 分析留守青少年厌学、自悯与问题行为的现状，并探讨自悯在厌学与问题行为之间的调节作用，为缓解或减少留守青少年的问题行为提供相关依据。 方法 采用方便抽样的方法，选取四川省达州市开江县2所普通中学的1 285名中学生为调查对象，其中留守青少年895名；采用厌学量表、自悯量表以及问题行为量表进行问卷调查。 结果 男生的自悯与外化问题行为得分高于女生，而女生的内化问题行为高于男生(t值分别为2.13，1.98，-2.05，P值均＜0.05)；留守青少年的厌学、内化问题行为得分高于非留守青少年，而非留守青少年的自悯得分高于留守青少年(t值分别为2.01，2.08，-1.99，P值均＜0.05)；独生子女的外化问题行为高于非独生子女(t=1.95，P＜0.05)；初中生的外化问题行为得分高于高中生，而高中生的内化问题行为高于初中生(t值分别为2.03，2.02，P值均＜0.05)。厌学与问题行为呈正相关，自悯与问题行为呈负相关，厌学与自悯呈负相关(r值分别为0.37，-0.49，-0.46，P值均＜0.01)。 结论 厌学与留守青少年问题行为存在正相关，应重视留守青少年自悯能力的培养。 Abstract:Objective To analyze the association of study weariness with self-compassion and problem behaviors among left behind adolescents, and to explore the moderating role of self-compassion in this association. Methods By using convenient sampling method, 1 285 middle school students from two ordinary middle schools in a county of Dazhou City, Sichuan Province were selected, including 895 left behind adolescents. Study weariness, self-compassion and problem behavior were assessed through questionnaire survey. Results The scores of self-compassion and externalizing behaviors in boys were higher than that of girls, while the scores of internalizing behaviors of girls were higher than that of boys (t=2.13, 1.98, -2.05, P < 0.05); the scores of study weariness and internalizing behaviors among left behind adolescents were higher than those of non-left behind adolescents, while the scores of self-compassion of non-left behind adolescents were higher than those of left behind adolescents (t=2.01, 2.08, -1.99, P < 0.05). The scores of externalizing behaviors among only-one child and junior high school students were higher than that of non-only-one children and high school students, while the scores of internalization problem behaviors of high school students were higher than that of junior high school students (t=1.95, 2.03, -2.02, P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between study weariness and problem behavior (t=0.37, P < 0.01), a negative correlation between self-compassion and problem behavior (t=-0.49, P < 0.01), and between study weariness and self-compassin (t=-0.46, P < 0.01). Conclusion There is a positive correlation between study weariness and behaviral problems among left behind teenagers. The cultivation of self compassion ability of left behind teenagers should be encouraged and promoted. -
Key words:
- Helplessness, learned /
- Behavior /
- Mental health /
- Regression analysis /
- Adolescent
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表 1 是否留守青少年厌学、自悯与问题行为得分比较(x ±s)
Table 1. Comparison of scores of school wearness, self-compasion and problem behaviors among left behind addolescents
组别 人数 厌学 自悯 问题行为 外化问题行为 内化问题行为 留守 895 1.99±0.65 3.16±0.43 1.32±0.29 1.23±0.31 1.53±0.38 非留守 395 1.81±0.61 3.44±0.49 1.26±0.27 1.19±0.29 1.38±0.29 t值 2.01 -1.99 0.75 0.65 2.08 P值 < 0.05 < 0.05 >0.05 >0.05 < 0.05 
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表 2 不同组别留守青少年厌学、自悯与问题行为得分比较(x ±s)
Table 2. Comparison of school weariness, self-compassion and problem behaviors among left behind adolescents(x ±s)
组别 选项 人数 统计值 厌学 自悯 问题行为 外化问题行为 内化问题行为 性别 男 402 1.92±0.66 3.37±0.51 1.31±0.26 1.24±0.27 1.30±0.32 女 493 1.89±0.73 3.19±0.40 1.28±0.25 1.07±0.32 1.55±0.23 t值 0.24 2.13 0.53 1.98 -2.05 P值 >0.05 ＜0.05 >0.05 ＜0.05 ＜0.05 独生子女 是 245 1.89±0.72 3.33±0.39 1.23±0.22 1.20±0.28 1.40±0.30 否 650 1.88±0.71 3.27±0.42 1.29±0.25 1.01±0.24 1.44±0.31 t值 0.02 0.67 -1.15 1.99 -0.53 P值 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 ＜0.05 >0.05 学段 初中 545 1.97±0.84 3.33±0.47 1.26±0.24 1.23±0.50 1.35±0.49 高中 350 1.88±0.70 3.27±0.41 1.29±0.25 1.01±0.39 1.51±0.39 t值 0.74 0.81 -0.55 2.03 -2.02 P值 >0.05 >0.05 >0.05 ＜0.05 ＜0.05
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表 3 留守青少年厌学、自悯与问题行为的相关系数(r值，n=895)
Table 3. Correlation analysis between learning weariness, self-compassion and problem behavior(r, n=895)
变量 厌学 自悯 问题行为 内化问题行为 自悯 -0.46 问题行为 0.37 -0.49 内化问题行为 0.35 -0.45 0.74 外化问题行为 0.30 -0.44 0.74 0.51 注：P值均＜0.01。
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表 4 留守青少年厌学、自悯对问题行为的分层逐步回归分析(n=895)
Table 4. Hierarchical regression analysis of school weariness and self-compassion on problem behaviors of left behind adolescents(n=895)
层次 自变量 B值 β值 t值 R2值 △R2值 F值 1 性别 0.03 0.04 0.85 0.57 0.56 84.99** 是否独生 0.06 0.03 0.07 学段 -0.02 0.04 -0.04 厌学 0.14 0.33 7.84** 自悯 -0.36 -0.52 -12.32** 2 性别 0.03 0.03 0.78 0.59 0.58 76.67** 是否独生 0.04 0.05 1.41 学段 0.02 0.03 0.17 厌学 0.44 0.45 5.71** 自悯 -0.21 -0.31 -4.61** 厌学×自悯 -0.10 -0.22 -3.94** 注： **P＜0.01。
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