Comparison of nutrition and visual health between Tibetan migrant students and local students in Gannan of Lanzhou New District
-
摘要:
目的 了解藏族迁移学生营养、视力健康状况与兰州本地学生的差异，为学生营养干预及视力保护提供理论依据。 方法 采用整群取样法，于2020年9—12月选取自甘南藏族自治州迁移至兰州新区1所全封闭寄宿制中学2 434名学生及兰州市七里河区3所非寄宿制中学的3 291名学生进行身体形态测量及视力检查，分析不同性别、不同年龄组藏族迁移学生与本地学生营养、视力不良、近视情况的差异。 结果 藏族迁移男、女生超重(2.8%，5.7%)、肥胖(11.0%，8.3%)比例均低于同性别本地学生(5.6%，8.3%；24.9%，20.9%)(χ超重2值分别为12.17，7.21；χ肥胖2值分别为81.33，91.34，P值均 < 0.05)；藏族迁移男生营养不良比例(9.9%)高于本地男生(7.2%)(χ2=6.65，P < 0.05)。藏族迁移学生视力不良检出率低于本地学生(χ2=3.93，P < 0.05)，近视检出率低于本地学生(χ2=975.82，P < 0.01)；藏族迁移男生色盲色弱检出率高于本地男生(χ2=8.38，P < 0.05)；藏族迁移女生色盲色弱检出率低于本地女生(χ2=8.08，P < 0.05)。藏族迁移男生轻、中度视力不良与轻、中、重度近视检出率均低于本地男生(χ2值分别为3.88，8.32，13.72，55.96，338.50，P值均 < 0.05)。藏族迁移女生轻、中、重度近视检出率均低于本地女生(χ2值分别为7.62，37.79，424.00，P值均 < 0.05)。 结论 藏族迁移学生超重肥胖率低于本地学生，应关注藏族男生营养摄入，减少营养不良；藏族迁移学生近视检出率较低，但初中组藏族学生重度视力不良检出率较本地学生高，应关注藏族初中阶段学生视力健康。 Abstract:Objective This paper studies the nutritional and vision health status of Tibetan migrant students and the differences between the local students in Lanzhou and them to provide a theoretical basis for nutrition intervention and vision protection for students. Methods Cluster sampling method was used to select 2 434 students migrating from Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture to a boarding middle school, and 3 291 students from three middle schools in Qilihe District of Lanzhou from September to December 2020. All the students were administered physical and visual examination. Proportion of nutritional status, poor eyesight and myopia by gender and age groups between Tibetan migrant students and local students were analyzed. Results The detection rate of overweight and obesity in Tibetan migrant boys(2.8%, 5.7%) and girls(11.0%, 8.3%) was lower than that of local students of the same sex(5.6%, 8.3%;24.9%, 20.9%) (χ2=12.17, 7.21, P < 0.05; χ2=81.33, 91.34, P < 0.05); The detection rate of malnutrition in Tibetan migrant boys(9.9%) was higher than that in local boys(7.2%) (χ2=6.65, P < 0.05). The detection rate of poor vision in Tibetan migrant boys was lower than that in local boys (χ2=3.93, P < 0.05). The detection rate of myopia was significantly lower than that of local students (χ2=975.82, P < 0.01). The detection rate of abnormal color vision in Tibetan migrant boys was higher than that in local boys (χ2=8.38, P < 0.05). The detection rate of abnormal color vision in Tibetan migrant girls was lower than that in local girls (χ2=8.08, P < 0.05). The detection rate of mild and moderate visual impairment was lower among Tibetan migrant boys than local boys (χ2=3.88, 8.32, P < 0.05); the detection rate of mild, moderate and severe myopia was lower than local boys (χ2=13.72, 55.96, 338.50, P < 0.05). The detection rate of mild, moderate and severe myopia was lower among Tibetan migrant girls than local girls (χ2=7.62, 37.79, 424.00, P < 0.05). Conclusion Tibetan migrant students was lower than that of local students. More attention should be paid to nutrition intake of Tibetan boys to prevent malnutrition. The detection rate of myopia in Tibetan migrant students is low, but the detection rate of severe poor vision among Tibetan students in the junior high school group is higher than that of local students, and attention should be paid to the visual health of Tibetan students in junior high school. -
Key words:
- Nutritional status /
- Vision, low /
- Myopia /
- Students /
- Minority groups
-
表 1 不同性别藏族迁移学生与本地学生营养状况分布比较
Table 1. Sex stratified comparison distribution of nutritional status between Tibetan migrant students and the local students
性别 分组 人数 统计值 营养不良 正常 超重 肥胖 男 藏族迁移 1 077 107(9.9) 822(76.3) 30(2.8) 118(11.0) 本地 1 675 120(7.2) 1 044(62.3) 94(5.6) 417(24.9) χ2值 6.65 58.81 12.17 81.33 P值 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 女 藏族迁移 1 357 39(2.9) 1 128(83.1) 78(5.7) 112(8.3) 本地 1 616 37(2.3) 1 109(68.6) 134(8.3) 337(20.9) χ2值 1.01 83.24 7.21 91.34 P值 0.32 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 注： ()内数字为构成比/%。 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 不同学段藏族迁移学生与本地学生营养状况分布比较
Table 2. Study session stratified comparison of nutritional status between Tibetan migrant students and the local students
学段 分组 人数 统计值 营养不良 正常 超重 肥胖 初中 藏族迁移 851 52(6.1) 667(78.4) 40(4.7) 92(10.8) 本地 2 002 98(4.9) 1 324(66.1) 136(6.8) 444(22.2) χ2值 1.77 42.46 4.52 50.57 P值 0.18 0.00 0.03 0.00 高中 藏族迁移 1 583 94(5.9) 1 283(81.0) 68(4.3) 138(8.7) 本地 1 289 59(4.6) 829(64.3) 91(7.1) 310(24.0) χ2值 2.61 102.25 10.38 126.86 P值 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 注： ()内数字为构成比/%。
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 藏族迁移学生与本地学生不良视觉健康检出率比较
Table 3. Comparison of visual health status between Tibetan migrant students and the local students
性别 分组 人数 统计值 色盲色弱 视力不良 近视 男 藏族迁移 1 077 53(4.9) 868(80.6) 108(10.0) 本地 1 675 47(2.8) 1 390(83.0) 840(50.1) χ2值 8.38 2.54 467.29 P值 0.00 0.11 0.00 女 藏族迁移 1 357 21(1.5) 1 166(85.9) 191(14.1) 本地 1 616 51(3.2) 1 423(88.1) 877(54.3) χ2值 8.08 2.96 517.71 P值 0.00 0.08 0.00 合计 藏族迁移 2 434 74(3.0) 2 034(83.6) 299(12.3) 本地 3 291 98(3.0) 2 813(85.5) 1 717(52.2) χ2值 0.02 3.93 975.82 P值 0.89 < 0.05 < 0.01 注： ()内数字为检出率/%。
下载: 导出CSV
表 4 不同性别藏族迁移学生与本地学生视力不良和近视检出率比较
Table 4. Sex stratified comparison of poor vision and the degree of myopia between Tibetan migrant students and the local students
性别 分组 人数 统计值 视力不良 近视 轻度 中度 重度 轻度 中度 重度 男 藏族迁移 1 077 43(4.0) 140(13.0) 685(63.6) 1(0.1) 10(0.9) 97(9.0) 本地 1 675 95(5.7) 286(17.1) 1 009(60.2) 25(1.5) 119(7.1) 696(41.6) χ2值 3.88 8.32 3.13 13.72 55.96 338.50 P值 0.05 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 女 藏族迁移 1 357 52(3.8) 178(13.1) 936(69.0) 3(0.2) 14(1.0) 174(12.8) 本地 1 616 65(4.0) 218(13.5) 1 140(70.5) 17(1.1) 81(5.0) 779(48.2) χ2值 0.07 0.09 0.86 7.62 37.79 424.00 P值 0.79 0.77 0.35 0.01 0.00 0.00 注： ()内数字为检出率/%。
下载: 导出CSV
表 5 不同学段藏族迁移学生与本地学生视力不良和近视检出率比较
Table 5. Study session stratified comparison of poor vision and the degree of myopia between Tibetan migrant students and the local students
学段 分组 人数 统计值 视力不良 近视 轻度 中度 重度 轻度 中度 重度 初中 藏族迁移 851 25(2.9) 123(14.5) 547(64.3) 1(0.1) 7(0.8) 66(7.8) 本地 2 002 119(5.9) 350(17.5) 1 161(58.0) 32(1.6) 136(6.8) 788(39.4) χ2值 11.26 3.96 9.82 11.46 44.71 284.41 P值 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 高中 藏族迁移 1 583 70(4.4) 195(12.3) 1 074(67.9) 4(0.3) 17(1.1) 204(12.9) 本地 1 289 41(3.2) 154(12.0) 988(76.7) 10(0.8) 64(5.0) 687(53.3) χ2值 2.95 0.09 27.19 4.01 39.25 542.17 P值 0.09 0.76 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.00 注： ()内数字为检出率/%。
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 李娜, 章荣华, 顾昉, 等. 浙江省中小学生生长发育及营养状况[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2013, 34(1): 71-74. http://www.cjsh.org.cn/article/id/zgxxws201301023LI N, ZHANG R H, GU F. Growth and nutritional status of students in Zhejiang[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2013, 34(1): 71-74. http://www.cjsh.org.cn/article/id/zgxxws201301023 [2] 于亚英, 王泽平, 刘晓梅, 等. 张掖市甘州区中小学生生长发育及营养现状调查研究报告[J]. 卫生职业教育, 2010, 28(4): 124-126. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-1246.2010.04.074YU Y Y, WANG Z P, LIU X M, et al. A study on the current situation of growth and nutrition of primary and secondary school students in Ganzhou District, Zhangye City[J]. Health Vocat Educ, 2010, 28(4): 124-126. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-1246.2010.04.074 [3] SAW S M, NIETO F J, KATZ J, et al. Factors related to the progression of myopia in Singaporean children[J]. Optom Vis Sci, 2000, 77(10): 549-554. doi: 10.1097/00006324-200010000-00009 [4] MORGAN I G, OHNO-MATSUI K, SAW S. Ophthalmology 2 myopia[J]. Lancet, 2012, 379(9827): 1739-1748. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60272-4 [5] 赵金华. 内地西藏班高中生与汉族学生体格体能及视力不良率比较[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2020, 47(7): 1103-1105. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2020.07.041ZHAO J H. Comparison of physical fitness and poor visual acuity rates of high school students from Tibetan classes in Mainland China and Han Chinese students[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2020, 47(7): 1103-1105. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2020.07.041 [6] 白雪, 杨云娇, 罗卜藏, 等. 甘肃藏区2013-2017年中学生营养状况[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2018, 39(7): 1073-1075. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.07.033BAI X, YANG Y J, LUO B Z, et al. Nutritional status of secondary school students in Tibetan areas of Gansu Province, 2013-2017[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2018, 39(7): 1073-1075. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.07.033 [7] 全国学生体质与健康调研组. 2014年全国学生体质与健康调研工作手册[M]. 北京: 高等体育出版社, 2014.National Student Physical Fitness and Health Research Group. 2014 National student fitness and health research workbook[M]. Beijing: Higher Sports Publishing, 2014. [8] 国家卫生和计划生育委员会. 学龄儿童青少年营养不良筛查WS/T 456-2014[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2014.National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China. Screening standard for malnutrition of school-age children and adolescents WS/T 456-2014[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2014. [9] 国家卫生和计划生育委员会. 学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查WS/T 586-2018[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2018.National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China. Screening standard for overweight and obesity among school-age children and adolescents WS/T 586-2018[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2018. [10] 宋逸, 胡佩瑾, 董彦会, 等. 2014年全国各省、自治区、直辖市汉族学生视力不良现况分析[J]. 北京大学学报(医学版), 2017, 49(3): 433-438. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-167X.2017.03.010SONG Y, HU P J, DONG Y H, et al. Prevalence of reduced visual acuity among Chinese Han students in 2014[J]. J Peking Univ(Health Sci), 2017, 49(3): 433-438. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-167X.2017.03.010 [11] 吕燕, 窦思东, 陈艳, 等. 不同近视程度青少年近视相关因素调查研究[J]. 健康研究, 2013, 33(5): 321-323. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6449.2013.05.001LYU Y, DOU S D, CHEN Y, et al. A survey and analysis of the factors that cause juvenile myopia[J]. Health Res, 2013, 33(5): 321-323. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6449.2013.05.001 [12] 俞自萍. 色盲检查图[M]. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2017.YU Z P. Color vision examination plates[M]. Beijing: People's Health Press, 2017. [13] 卫生部. 学生健康检查技术规范GB/T 26343-2010[S]. 2011-05-01.Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China. Technical standard for physical examination for students GB/T 26343-2010[S]. 2011-05-01. [14] 薛维婳, 李长辉. 浅谈推拿法治疗儿童假性近视[J]. 按摩与康复医学, 2021, 12(2): 11-13.XUE W H, LI C H. Introduction to Tui Na method for the treatment of pseudomyopia in children[J]. Chin Manipul Rehabil Med, 2021, 12(2): 11-13. [15] 程先宁. 调节性近视主发原因鉴别治疗[C]//第十八届国际眼科学学术会议, 第十八届国际视光学学术会议, 第五届国际角膜塑形学术论坛, 中国研究型医院学会眼科学与视觉科学专委会2018学术年会, 第十八届中国国际眼科和视光技术及设备展览会暨第十四届中国眼科和视光专业医院展示推广会, 2018: 1.CHENG X N. Identification and treatment of the primary cause of regulatory myopia[C]//The 18th international conference on ophthalmology, the 18th international conference on optometry, the 5th international keratoplasty academic forum, the 2018 annual academic conference of the ophthalmology and vision science committee of the Chinese society of research hospitals, the 18th China international ophthalmology and optometry technology and equipment exhibition and the 14th China ophthalmology and optometry professional hospital exhibition and promotion conference, 2018: 1. [16] 叶志桃, 鈡颖, 李荣需. 复方托吡卡胺滴眼液与阿托品眼膏治疗青少年假性近视的临床效果分析[J]. 中国现代药物应用, 2020, 14(7): 174-176. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZWYY202007082.htmYE Z T, ZHONG Y, LI R X, et al. Clinical effect analysis of compound tropicamide eye drops and atropine eye ointment in the treatment of adolescent pseudomyopia[J]. Chin J Mod Drug Applic, 2020, 14(7): 174-176. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZWYY202007082.htm [17] MATSUDA K, YOKOYAMA T. Analysis of secular trends in proportion of students with poor visual acuity and the associated factors according to government statistics[J]. Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi, 2014, 118(2): 104-110. [18] RUDNICKA A R, KAPETANAKIS V V, WATHERN A K, et al. Global variations and time trends in the prevalence of childhood myopia, a systematic review and quantitative meta-analysis: implications for aetiology and early prevention[J]. Br J Ophthalmol, 2016, 100(7): 882-890. doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2015-307724 [19] 吕燕, 窦思东, 陈艳, 等. 不同近视程度青少年近视相关因素调查研究[J]. 健康研究, 2013, 33(5): 321-323. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6449.2013.05.001LYU Y, DOU S D, CHEN Y, et al. A survey and analysis of the factors that cause juvenile myopia[J]. Health Res, 2013, 33(5): 321-323. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6449.2013.05.001 [20] HE M, XIANG F, ZENG Y, et al. Effect of time spent outdoors at school on the development of myopia among children in China: a randomized clinical trial[J]. JAMA, 2015, 314(11): 1142-1148. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.10803 [21] GUO Y, LIU L J, XU L, et al. Myopic shift and outdoor activity among primary school children: one-year follow-up study in Beijing[J]. PLoS One, 2013, 8(9): e75260. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075260 [22] 董彦会, 刘慧彬, 王政和, 等. 2005-2014年中国7~18岁儿童青少年近视流行状况及变化趋势[J]. 中华预防医学杂志, 2017, 51(4): 285-289. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2017.04.002DONG Y H, LIU H B, WANG Z H, et al. The epidemic status and secular trends of myopia prevalence for Chinese children and adolescents aged 7-18 years from 2005 to 2014[J]. Chin J Prev Med, 2017, 51(4): 285-289. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2017.04.002 [23] 李春丽, 张文芳, 杨义, 等. 甘肃省甘南藏族自治州中小学生屈光状态分析[J]. 卫生职业教育, 2017, 35(12): 72-74. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZDYX201712046.htmLI C L, ZHANG W F, YANG Y, et al. Analysis of refractive status of primary and secondary school students in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province[J]. Health Vocat Educ, 2017, 35(12): 72-74. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZDYX201712046.htm [24] 陈剑宇, 张丽, 蒋先雁, 等. 四川省藏族中小学生视力特征分析[J]. 现代预防医学, 2017, 44(19): 3512-3515, 3525. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XDYF201719015.htmCHEN J Y, ZHANG L, JIANG X Y, et al. Eyesight of Tibetan pupils and middle school students, Sichuan[J]. Mod Prev Med, 2017, 44(19): 3512-3515, 3525. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XDYF201719015.htm -
点击查看大图
表(5)
计量
- 文章访问数: 563
- HTML全文浏览量: 320
- PDF下载量: 30
- 被引次数: 0
