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应用德尔菲法构建中国7~18岁学生身体活动核心信息

张京舒 罗冬梅 闫晓晋 马宁 刘云飞 党佳佳 钟盼亮 李榴柏 马军 宋逸

张京舒, 罗冬梅, 闫晓晋, 马宁, 刘云飞, 党佳佳, 钟盼亮, 李榴柏, 马军, 宋逸. 应用德尔菲法构建中国7~18岁学生身体活动核心信息[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2021, 42(7): 1014-1019. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.07.013
引用本文: 张京舒, 罗冬梅, 闫晓晋, 马宁, 刘云飞, 党佳佳, 钟盼亮, 李榴柏, 马军, 宋逸. 应用德尔菲法构建中国7~18岁学生身体活动核心信息[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2021, 42(7): 1014-1019. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.07.013
ZHANG Jingshu, LUO Dongmei, YAN Xiaojin, MA Ning, LIU Yunfei, DANG Jiajia, ZHONG Panliang, LI Liubai, MA Jun, SONG Yi. Development of core recommendations on physical activity for Chinese students aged 7-18 years based on Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH, 2021, 42(7): 1014-1019. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.07.013
Citation: ZHANG Jingshu, LUO Dongmei, YAN Xiaojin, MA Ning, LIU Yunfei, DANG Jiajia, ZHONG Panliang, LI Liubai, MA Jun, SONG Yi. Development of core recommendations on physical activity for Chinese students aged 7-18 years based on Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH, 2021, 42(7): 1014-1019. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.07.013

应用德尔菲法构建中国7~18岁学生身体活动核心信息

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.07.013
详细信息
    作者简介:

    张京舒(1995-),女,江苏省人,在读硕士,主要研究方向为儿童生长发育及影响因素

    通讯作者:

    宋逸,E-mail:songyi@bjmu.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: G478  R179

Development of core recommendations on physical activity for Chinese students aged 7-18 years based on Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process

  • 摘要:   目的  构建中国7~18岁学生身体活动核心信息,为提高儿童青少年身体活动水平提供依据。  方法  以《加拿大儿童青少年24小时活动指南》为基础框架,在定性研究的基础上,初步形成中国7~18岁学生身体活动核心信息,涵盖身体活动、久坐行为和睡眠3个维度。身体活动包括频度、强度、时间和类型4个主题内容,久坐行为和睡眠包括时间1个主题内容。采用德尔菲法进行3轮咨询。第2轮咨询中,将2014年全国学生体质与健康调研数据分析结果呈现给专家参考。第3轮咨询中,专家通过层次分析法分年龄段对身体活动类型主题下的7项身体素质重要性进行排序。  结果  3轮德尔菲法分别咨询专家25,25和18名;专家问卷回收率分别为100.0%,100.0%,94.4%;专家权威系数分别为0.92,0.93,0.91;Kendall协调系数W值分别为0.63(χ2=237.10,P < 0.01)、0.63(χ2=242.60,P < 0.01)和0.76(χ2=97.05,P < 0.01)。推荐中国7~18岁学生每天进行中、高强度身体活动累计至少达到60 min,以有氧运动为主。其中,每周至少3 d进行高强度身体活动、增强肌肉力量和骨骼健康的身体活动。小学生每天日间户外活动至少2 h,中学生每天日间户外活动至少1 h,推荐2 h。7~12岁学生应多进行增强柔韧素质、协调素质和灵敏素质的身体活动,13~18岁学生应多进行增强力量素质、耐力素质和速度素质的身体活动。久坐行为包括时间1个主题内容,学生应减少久坐行为,尽可能打断长时间久坐行为,控制娱乐性视屏时间和线上学习时间。睡眠包括时间1个主题内容,学生每晚应保证时间适量、不间断的睡眠。  结论  建立中国7~18岁学生身体活动核心信息可以为提高儿童青少年身体活动水平,促进儿童青少年身体健康提供参。
  • 表  1  中国7~18岁学生身体活动核心信息初稿

    Table  1.   The 1st round of core recommendations on physical activity for Chinese students aged 7-18 years

    维度 主题内容 核心信息
    身体活动 频度 每天进行身体活动
    时间 身体活动累计达到60 min
    强度 进行中、高强度身体活动;进行数小时低强度身体活动;循序渐进,身体活动前要有准备和整理活动,身体活动后进行恢复运动
    类型 有氧运动为主,还应包括增强肌肉力量、骨骼健康的抗阻活动
    男生:7~10岁需多参与增强速度、柔韧性的活动;11~12岁需多参与增强速度、柔韧性、耐力的活动;13~18岁需多参与增强速度、柔韧性、下肢力量、上肢力量、耐力的活动;
    女生:7~8岁需多参与增强柔韧性的活动;9~10岁需多参与增强速度、柔韧性、腰腹力量的活动;11~12岁需多参与增强速度、柔韧性、腰腹力量的活动;13~18岁需多参与增强速度、柔韧性、下肢力量、腰腹力量、耐力的活动;
    小学生每天户外活动2 h,中学生每天户外活动1 h
    久坐行为 时间 尽可能打断久坐行为,每天娱乐屏幕时间限制在2 h内,鼓励儿童青少年更多地动起来
    睡眠 时间 7~12岁的学生每晚9~11 h的不间断睡眠,13~18岁的学生每晚8~10 h的不间断睡眠,并有规律的入睡和起床时间
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  3轮咨询专家基本情况构成

    Table  2.   Basic information about the experts in the 3 rounds of consultation

    基本情况 第1,2轮(n=25) 第3轮(n=18)
    性别
      男 19(76.0) 12(66.7)
      女 6(24.0) 6(33.3)
    年龄/岁
      30~ < 40 3(12.0) 1(5.6)
      40~ < 50 8(32.0) 5(27.8)
      50~ < 60 11(44.0) 9(50.0)
      ≥60 3(12.0) 3(16.7)
    学历
      大专 1(4.0) 0
      大学本科 10(40.0) 6(33.3)
      硕士 4(16.0) 3(16.7)
      博士 10(40.0) 9(50.0)
    研究领域
      体育教学 7(28.0) 2(11.1)
      运动人体科学 3(12.0) 3(16.7)
      体育教育学 7(28.0) 5(27.8)
      儿少卫生学 8(32.0) 8(44.4)
    从事相关工作的年限/年
      5~9 1(4.0) 0
      10~29 14(56.0) 10(55.6)
      ≥30 10(40.0) 8(44.4)
      注: ()内数字为构成比/%。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  中国7~18岁学生身体活动核心信息

    Table  3.   Core recommendations on physical activity for Chinese students aged 7-18 years

    维度 主题内容 核心信息
    身体活动 频度 每天进行身体活动。
    时间 身体活动累计至少达到60 min。
    强度 进行中、高强度身体活动。其中高强度身体活动每周至少3 d。
    类型 以有氧运动为主。
    每周至少3 d的增强肌肉力量和骨骼健康的身体活动。
    小学生每天日间户外活动至少2 h,中学生每天日间户外活动至少1 h,推荐2 h。
    7~12岁学生各身体素质之间相对重要性程度排序:柔韧素质(权重0.176,代表指标为坐位体前屈);协调素质(权重0.165,代表指标为1 min跳绳);灵敏素质(权重0.162,代表指标为立卧撑);速度素质(权重0.145,代表指标为50 m跑);平衡素质(权重0.132,代表指标为睁眼动态平衡测验);耐力素质(权重0.123,代表指标为50 m×8往返跑);力量素质[权重0.099,代表指标为斜身引体(男生)、1 min仰卧起坐(女生)、立定跳远][16-18]
    13~18岁学生各身体素质之间相对重要性程度排序:力量素质[权重0.256,代表指标为引体向上(男生)、1 min仰卧起坐(女生)、立定跳远];耐力素质[权重0.252,代表指标为1 000 m跑(男生),800 m跑(女生)];速度素质(权重0.164,代表指标为50 m跑);协调素质(权重0.095,代表指标为1 min跳绳);灵敏素质(权重0.084,代表指标为立卧撑);平衡素质(权重0.076,代表指标为睁眼动态平衡测验);柔韧素质(权重0.074,代表指标为坐位体前屈)[16-18]
    久坐行为 时间 减少久坐行为,每天娱乐性视屏时间限制在2 h内;尽可能打断长时间久坐行为,每40~45 min久坐行为,身体活动5~10 min;线上学习时间,小学生每天不超过2.5 h,每次不超过20 min;中学生每天不超过4 h,每次不超过30 min。
    睡眠 时间 7~12岁的学生每晚9~11 h的不间断睡眠,13~18岁的学生每晚8~10 h的不间断睡眠。
      注:娱乐性视屏时间指出于娱乐目的观看带有电子屏幕产品所花费的时间,不包括线上学习和视频通话时间。
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2020-12-29
  • 修回日期:  2021-03-23
  • 网络出版日期:  2021-07-23
  • 刊出日期:  2021-07-25

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