Analysis of the characteristics of falls among Chinese primary and middle school students in 2018
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摘要:
目的 分析中国2018年6~17岁学生因跌倒/坠落就诊病例特征分布，为开展跌倒/坠落防控工作提供依据。 方法 收集2018年全国伤害监测系统(National Injury Surveillance System, NISS)中6~17岁学生跌倒/坠落病例数据，分析一般人口学、伤害发生和伤害临床特征。 结果 2018年NISS共采集6~17岁学生跌倒/坠落病例42 735例，占总伤害病例的54.03%，男女性别比为2.34∶1，6~11岁年龄组学生伤害所占比例最高(53.78%)。全年中以3—6月跌倒/坠落病例占比最高(42.12%)，一天中跌倒/坠落发生高峰时间段在10:00—10:59(8.40%)。发生地点以学校与公共场所(40.40%)、家中(18.96%)和公共居住场所(15.35%)为主。发生时活动前3位分别是休闲活动(47.41%)、体育活动(23.90%)和步行(9.77%)。跌倒/坠落造成损伤性质以挫伤/擦伤(54.49%)、扭伤/拉伤(21.98%)和骨折(12.69%)为主。易受伤部位主要是下肢(34.71%)、头部(29.85%)和上肢(25.10%)。跌倒/坠落后损伤以轻度为主(83.44%)。 结论 2018年NISS中6~17岁学生跌倒/坠落病例数量较多，以男性病例为主，且流行特征较为多变。应开展具有针对性的跌倒/坠落防控工作。 Abstract:Objective To analyze the characteristics distribution of falls among students aged 6-17 in 2018, and to provide data support for preventing falls among students and formulating the corresponding policies. Methods Data of falls among students aged 6-17 in China in 2018 were collected from the the National Injury Surveillance System (NISS) for analyzing its demographic characteristics, injury occurrence and clinical traits of falling. Results In total, 42 735 cases of fall aged 6-17 were collected from the NISS in China in 2018, which accounted for 54.03% of all cases, with a sex ratio of 2.34∶1, the proportion of students aged 6-11 was the highest(53.78%). The proportion of falls from March to June was the highest(42.12%), and the peak time when falls occurred was forenoon 10:00-10:59(8.40%). School and school-related area(40.40%), home(18.96%) and public residential institution (15.35%) were the sites where falls mainly occurred. The top three activities when falls occurred were leisure activities(47.41%), sports activities(23.90%) and walking(9.77%). Bruise/scrape(54.49%), sprain/strain(21.98%) and fracture(12.69%) were the major nature of injury. The most common body parts falls involved were lower limbs(34.71%), head(29.85%) and upper limbs(25.10%). The injury of falling was mainly characterized by mild ones(83.44%). Conclusion There were more cases of falls on students aged 6-17 from the NISS in China in 2018, mainly males. The epidemiological characteristics were relatively variable, so targeted prevention program of falls should be conducted. -
Key words:
- Wounds and injuries /
- Public health surveillance /
- Accidental falls /
- Epidemiologic studies /
- Students
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表 1 2018年全国伤害监测系统中不同年龄城乡学生跌倒/坠落病例性别分布
Table 1. Sex distribution of fall cases among different ages and urban and rural of students in the National Injury Surveillance System, 2018
年龄/岁 城市 农村 合计 人数 男生 女生 人数 男生 女生 人数 男生 女生 6~11 15 060 10 259(68.12) 4 801(31.88) 7 925 5 399(68.13) 2 526(31.87) 22 985 15 658(68.12) 7 327(31.88) 12~14 6 697 4 978(74.33) 1 719(25.67) 4 160 3 016(72.50) 1 144(27.50) 10 857 7 994(73.63) 2 863(26.37) 15~17 5 387 3 842(71.32) 1 545(28.68) 3 506 2 447(69.79) 1 059(30.21) 8 893 6 289(70.72) 2 604(29.28) 合计 27 144 19 079(70.29) 8 065(29.71) 15 591 10 862(69.67) 4 729(30.33) 42 735 29 941(70.06) 12 794(29.94) 注： ()内数字为构成比/%。 
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表 2 2018年全国伤害监测系统中不同组别学生跌倒/坠落病例发生地点分布
Table 2. Sites distribution of fall cases among different groups of students in the National Injury Surveillance System, 2018
组别 人数 学校与公共场所 家中 公共居住场所 公路/街道 体育和运动场所 贸易和服务场所 农场/农田 工业和建筑场所 其他 不清楚 性别 男 29 941 12 338(41.21) 5 393(18.01) 4 483(14.97) 3 881(12.96) 2 862(9.56) 374(1.25) 45(0.15) 29(0.10) 22(0.07) 514(1.72) 女 12 794 4 928(38.52) 2 711(21.19) 2 078(16.24) 1 722(13.46) 853(6.67) 187(1.46) 18(0.14) 15(0.12) 10(0.08) 272(2.13) 年龄/岁 6~11 22 985 8 470(36.85) 5 352(23.28) 3 966(17.25) 2 950(12.83) 1 279(5.57) 376(1.64) 20(0.09) 17(0.07) 19(0.08) 536(2.33) 12~14 10 857 4 881(44.96) 1 601(14.75) 1 478(13.61) 1 427(13.14) 1 150(10.59) 112(1.03) 32(0.29) 13(0.12) 6(0.06) 157(1.45) 15~17 8 893 3 915(44.02) 1 151(12.94) 1 117(12.56) 1 226(13.79) 1 286(14.46) 73(0.82) 11(0.12) 14(0.16) 7(0.08) 93(1.05) 城乡 城市 27 144 10 213(37.63) 4 750(17.50) 4 196(15.46) 4 028(14.84) 2 621(9.66) 513(1.89) 14(0.05) 25(0.09) 31(0.11) 735(2.71) 农村 15 591 7 053(45.24) 3 354(21.51) 2 365(15.17) 1 575(10.10) 1 094(7.02) 48(0.31) 49(0.31) 19(0.12) 1(0.00) 33(0.21) 合计 42 735 17 266(40.40) 8 104(18.96) 6 561(15.35) 5 603(13.11) 3 715(8.69) 561(1.31) 63(0.15) 44(0.10) 32(0.07) 786(1.84) 注： ()内数字为构成比/%。
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表 3 2018年全国伤害监测系统中不同组别学生跌倒/坠落发生时活动分布
Table 3. Activities distribution of fall cases among different groups of students in National Injury Surveillance System, 2018
组别 人数 休闲活动 体育活动 步行 生命活动 学习 驾乘交通工具 家务 其他 不清楚 性别 男 29 941 13 986(46.71) 7 595(25.37) 2 755(9.20) 1 740(5.81) 1 740(5.81) 713(2.38) 434(1.45) 241(0.81) 737(2.46) 女 12 794 6 274(49.04) 2 617(20.45) 1 421(11.11) 795(6.21) 706(5.52) 303(2.37) 227(1.77) 82(0.64) 369(2.88) 年龄/岁 6~11 22 985 12 454(54.18) 4 027(17.52) 2 268(9.87) 1 493(6.50) 1 176(5.12) 364(1.58) 287(1.25) 184(0.80) 732(3.18) 12~14 10 857 4 543(41.84) 3 179(29.28) 1 066(9.82) 563(5.19) 737(6.79) 282(2.60) 184(1.69) 63(0.58) 240(2.21) 15~17 8 893 3 263(36.69) 3 006(33.80) 842(9.47) 479(5.39) 533(5.99) 370(4.16) 190(2.14) 76(0.85) 134(1.51) 城乡 城市 27 144 13 427(49.47) 6 310(23.25) 2 340(8.62) 1 866(6.87) 1 130(4.16) 505(1.86) 348(1.28) 249(0.92) 969(3.57) 农村 15 591 6 833(43.83) 3 902(25.03) 1 836(11.78) 669(4.29) 1 316(8.44) 511(3.28) 313(2.01) 74(0.47) 137(0.88) 合计 42 735 20 260(47.41) 10 212(23.90) 4 176(9.77) 2 535(5.93) 2 446(5.72) 1 016(2.38) 661(1.55) 323(0.76) 1 106(2.59) 注： ()内数字为构成比/%。
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表 4 2018年全国伤害监测系统中不同组别学生跌倒/坠落病例受伤性质构成
Table 4. Natures of injury of fall cases among different groups of students in National Injury Surveillance System, 2018
组别 人数 挫伤/擦伤 扭伤/拉伤 骨折 锐器伤/ 开放伤 脑震荡/ 脑挫裂伤 内脏器官伤 烧烫伤 其他 不清楚 性别 男 29 941 16 419(54.84) 6 132(20.48) 4 017(13.42) 2 684(8.96) 510(1.70) 71(0.24) 6(0.02) 80 (0.27) 22(0.07) 女 12 794 6 866(53.67) 3 260(25.48) 1 404(10.97) 974(7.61) 210(1.64) 20(0.16) 3(0.02) 42(0.33) 15 (0.12) 年龄/岁 6~11 22 985 13 184(57.36) 3 826(16.65) 2 852(12.41) 2 482(10.80) 485(2.11) 55(0.24) 4(0.02) 73(0.32) 24(0.10) 12~14 10 857 5 671(52.23) 2 695(24.82) 1 696(15.62) 615(5.67) 124(1.14) 19(0.18) 4(0.04) 23(0.21) 10(0.09) 15~17 8 893 4 430(49.82) 2 871(32.28) 873(9.82) 561(6.31) 111(1.25) 17(0.19) 1(0.01) 26(0.29) 3(0.03) 城乡 城市 27 144 14 026(51.67) 6 319(23.28) 3 685(13.58) 2 464(9.08) 449(1.65) 75(0.28) 9(0.03) 86(0.32) 31(0.11) 农村 15 591 9 259(59.39) 3 073(19.71) 1 736(11.13) 1 194(7.66) 271(1.74) 16(0.10) 0 36(0.23) 6(0.04) 合计 42 735 23 285(54.49) 9 392(21.98) 5 421(12.69) 3 658(8.56) 720(1.68) 91(0.21) 9(0.02) 122(0.29) 37(0.09) 注： ()内数字为构成比/%。
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表 5 2018年全国伤害监测系统中不同组别学生跌倒/坠落病例受伤部位构成
Table 5. Body part injured of fall cases among different groups of students in National Injury Surveillance System, 2018
组别 人数 下肢 头部 上肢 躯干 多部位 全身广泛受伤 其他 不清楚 性别 男 29 941 9 639(32.19) 9 296(31.05) 7 915(26.44) 1 618(5.40) 1 147(3.83) 69(0.23) 159(0.53) 98(0.33) 女 12 794 5 195(40.60) 3 460(27.04) 2 810(21.96) 676(5.28) 521(4.07) 23(0.18) 63(0.49) 46(0.36) 年龄/岁 6~11 22 985 6 476(28.17) 8 808(38.32) 5 483(23.85) 1 116(4.86) 784(3.41) 45(0.20) 168(0.73) 105(0.46) 12~14 10 857 4 201(38.69) 2 227(20.51) 3 252(29.95) 635(5.85) 472(4.35) 22(0.20) 28(0.26) 20(0.18) 15~17 8 893 4 157(46.74) 1 721(19.35) 1 990(22.38) 543(6.11) 412(4.63) 25(0.28) 26(0.29) 19(0.21) 城乡 城市 27 144 9 274(34.17) 8 108(29.87) 7 095(26.14) 1 439(5.30) 995(3.67) 60(0.22) 153(0.56) 20(0.07) 农村 15 591 5 560(35.66) 4 648(29.81) 3 630(23.28) 855(5.48) 673(4.32) 32(0.21) 69(0.44) 124(0.80) 合计 42 735 14 834(34.71) 12 756(29.85) 10 725(25.10) 2 294(5.37) 1 668(3.90) 92(0.22) 222(0.52) 144(0.34) 注：()内数字为构成比/%。
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表 6 2018年全国伤害监测系统中不同组别学生跌倒/坠落病例损伤严重程度构成
Table 6. The Severity of injury of fall cases among different groups of students in National Injury Surveillance System, 2018
组别 人数 轻度 中度 重度 性别 男 29 941 24 868(83.06) 4 832(16.14) 241(0.80) 女 12 794 10 792(84.35) 1 926(15.05) 76(0.59) 年龄/岁 6~11 22 985 19 371(84.28) 3 444(14.98) 170(0.74) 12~14 10 857 8 844(81.46) 1 931(17.79) 82(0.76) 15~17 8 893 7 445(83.72) 1 383(15.55) 65(0.73) 城乡 城市 27 144 22 618(83.33) 4 248(15.65) 278(1.02) 农村 15 591 13 042(83.65) 2 510(16.10) 39(0.25) 合计 42 735 35 660(83.44) 6 758(15.81) 317(0.74) 注： ()内数字为构成比/%。
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