沈阳市超重肥胖小学生饮食相关因素分析

李晨阳; 肖哲; 孙琦; 刘洋; 魏薇; 翟玲玲; 白英龙; 贾丽红

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.06.025

沈阳市超重肥胖小学生饮食相关因素分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.06.025

李晨阳¹,
肖哲¹,
孙琦¹,
刘洋²,
魏薇¹,
翟玲玲¹,
白英龙¹,
贾丽红^1, ,

1.
中国医科大学公共卫生学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健学教研室, 辽宁沈阳 110122
2.
中国医科大学健康科学研究院

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金青年基金项目 81903342

详细信息

作者简介:
李晨阳(1995-)，女，安徽阜阳人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为社会环境因素对儿童肥胖的影响及机制

通讯作者:
贾丽红，E-mail: lhjia@cmu.edu.cn

中图分类号: R 723.14 R 179 R 153.2
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-10-19
- 修回日期: 2020-11-10
- 网络出版日期: 2021-06-22
- 刊出日期: 2021-06-25

Dietary factors associated with overweight and obesity in primary school students in Shenyang

1.
Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang (110122), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解沈阳市小学生超重肥胖发生情况及饮食习惯和主要食物摄入频率，为探寻饮食相关因素对儿童超重肥胖的影响提供参考依据。方法 2017年5月采用方便抽样方法，选取沈阳市某区2所小学2 041名在校生作为调查对象，对其进行身高和体重测量，同时发放饮食习惯及常见食物摄入频率的调查问卷。结果学生超重和肥胖检出率分别为18.4%和22.1%，男生超重\肥胖率(21.0%, 27.8%)均高于女生(15.8%，16.2%)(χ²值分别为22.45，53.40，P值均<0.01)。单因素分析显示，是否经常吃早餐、吃饭速度、食欲、是否挑食，以及水果、海产品及罐头食品摄入频率与小学生超重肥胖有关联(χ²值分别为7.67，97.92，229.70，95.88，6.40，6.58，7.96，P值均<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，吃饭速度慢(OR=0.46，95%CI=0.29~0.69)和吃饭速度正常(OR=0.47，95%CI=0.32~0.69)与小学生超重肥胖呈负相关，食欲好(OR=43.73，95%CI=5.88~325.36)与小学生超重肥胖呈正相关(P值均<0.01)。结论沈阳市小学生超重肥胖检出率较高，且肥胖检出率大于超重率；常见食物摄入情况对小学生超重肥胖发生发展的影响较少，但吃饭速度快和食欲好与小学生超重肥胖的发生呈正相关。
- 超重 /
- 肥胖症 /
- 饮食习惯 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To understand the prevalence of overweight and obesity, dietary habits and main food intake frequency among primary school students in Shenyang, so as to provide a reference for exploring the effect of diet-related factors on the development of overweight and obesity in children. Methods A total of 2 041 students from two primary schools in a certain district of Shenyang were selected by convenience sampling in May 2017, with height and weight measured, meanwhile the questionnaire survey regarding dietary habits and the frequency of main food intake were administered. Results The rates of overweight and obesity were 18.4% and 22.1% respectively, and the rate of overweight and obesity in boys (21.0%, 27.8%) were significantly higher than that in girls (15.8%, 16.2%)(χ²=22.45, 53.40, P<0.01). The results of univariate analysis showed that frequency of eating breakfast, eating speed, appetite, picky eaters or not, and the frequency of fruit, seafood and canned food intake were associated with overweight and obesity in primary school students (χ²=7.67, 97.92, 229.70, 95.88, 6.40, 6.58, 7.96, P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that slow eating speed (OR=0.46, 95%CI=0.29-0.69) and normal eating speed (OR=0.47, 95%CI=0.32-0.69) were associated with lower rates of overweight and obesity; good appetite (OR=43.73, 95%CI=5.88-325.36) was associated with higher rates of overweight and obesity in primary school students (P<0.01). Conclusion The detection rate of overweight and obesity is relatively high among primary school students in Shenyang, and the rate of obesity is already higher than that of overweight; The frequency of common food intake has little impact on the development of overweight and obesity in primary school students, but fast eating speed and good appetite are the risks of overweight and obesity among them.
- Overweight /
- Obesity /
- Food habits /
- Regression analysis /
- Students

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表 1 不同年龄组学生超重肥胖检出率比较

Table 1. Comparison of overweight and obesity detection rates among students with different age groups

年龄/岁	人数	超重	肥胖
6	311	47(15.1)	81(26.0)
7	325	57(17.5)	87(26.8)
8	354	56(15.8)	70(19.8)
9	323	67(20.7)	78(24.1)
10	390	76(19.5)	73(18.7)
11~12	338	73(21.6)	62(18.3)
注： ()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 2 饮食习惯分布超重肥胖组和体重正常组小学生间比较

Table 2. Comparison of dietary habit distribution between overweight and obese group and normal weight group

饮食习惯	选项	超重肥胖组(n=827)	体重正常组(n=1 214)	χ²值	P值
吃早餐	经常	721(87.2)	1 054(86.8)	7.67	0.02
	偶尔	23(2.8)	50(4.1)
	不吃	5(0.6)	22(1.8)
吃饭速度	快	152(18.4)	98(8.1)	97.92	0.00
	慢	94(11.4)	320(26.4)
	正常	502(60.7)	706(58.2)
食欲	好	519(62.8)	436(35.9)	229.70	0.00
	一般	117(14.1)	507(41.8)
	差	4(0.5)	58(4.8)
是否挑食	挑食	108(13.1)	280(23.1)	95.88	0.00
	不挑食	450(54.4)	423(34.8)
	一般	187(22.6)	427(35.2)
注：()内数字为构成比/%；部分数据有缺失值。

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表 3 过去1年内小学生常见食物摄入频率分布超重肥胖组和体重正常组分布比较

Table 3. Comparison of common food intake frequency between the overweight and obese group and the normal weight group among primary school students in the past year

食物	选项	超重肥胖组(n=827)	体重正常组(n=1 214)	χ²值	P值
米饭或馒头	不吃	34(4.1)	51(4.2)	0.16	0.92
	偶尔	54(6.5)	74(6.1)
	经常	708(85.6)	1 043(85.9)
新鲜蔬菜	不吃	13(1.6)	25(2.1)	0.86	0.65
	偶尔	47(5.7)	63(5.2)
	经常	726(87.8)	1 084(89.3)
新鲜水果	不吃	31(3.7)	46(3.8)	6.40	0.04
	偶尔	68(8.2)	67(5.5)
	经常	667(80.7)	1 031(84.9)
海产品	不吃	372(45.0)	629(51.8)	6.58	0.04
	偶尔	240(29.0)	316(26.0)
	经常	138(16.7)	186(15.3)
瘦肉类	不吃	108(13.1)	150(12.4)	2.46	0.29
	偶尔	220(26.6)	362(29.8)
	经常	423(51.1)	594(48.9)
牛肉或羊肉	不吃	418(50.5)	632(52.1)	3.32	0.19
	偶尔	230(27.8)	308(25.4)
	经常	92(11.1)	163(13.4)
熟肉制品	不吃	582(70.4)	846(69.7)	0.12	0.94
	偶尔	112(13.5)	164(13.5)
	经常	41(5.0)	64(5.3)
鸡肉或鸭肉	不吃	478(57.8)	699(57.6)	0.11	0.95
	偶尔	173(20.9)	262(21.6)
	经常	91(11.0)	132(10.9)
蛋类	不吃	110(13.3)	165(13.6)	0.17	0.92
	偶尔	247(29.9)	376(31.0)
	经常	409(49.5)	597(49.2)
豆制品	不吃	348(42.1)	547(45.1)	3.29	0.19
	偶尔	295(35.7)	421(34.7)
	经常	120(14.5)	147(12.1)
动物肝脏	不吃	611(73.9)	921(75.9)	0.81	0.67
	偶尔	52(6.3)	69(5.7)
	经常	44(5.3)	58(4.8)
牛奶或酸奶	不吃	66(8.0)	87(7.2)	0.46	0.79
	偶尔	125(15.1)	187(15.4)
	经常	590(71.3)	869(71.6)
注： ()内数字为构成比/%；部分数据有缺失值。

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表 4 过去1年内零食摄入频率超重肥胖组和体重正常组比较

Table 4. Comparison of snack intake frequency between overweight and obese group and normal weight group in the past year

零食种类	选项	超重肥胖组(n=827)	体重正常组(n=1 214)	χ²值	P值
坚果类	不吃	403(48.7)	609(50.2)	2.44	0.30
	偶尔	183(22.1)	282(23.2)
	经常	167(20.2)	212(17.5)
甜食	不吃	526(63.6)	726(59.8)	4.71	0.10
	偶尔	144(17.4)	241(19.9)
	经常	67(8.1)	122(10.0)
小食品	不吃	600(72.6)	855(70.4)	4.31	0.12
	偶尔	91(11.0)	170(14.0)
	经常	42(5.1)	53(4.4)
快餐食品	不吃	671(81.1)	1 006(82.9)	2.59	0.27
	偶尔	30(3.6)	37(3.0)
	经常	14(1.7)	12(1.0)
油炸食品	不吃	648(78.4)	931(76.7)	1.87	0.39
	偶尔	39(4.7)	68(5.6)
	经常	27(3.3)	30(2.5)
雪糕冷饮类	不吃	259(31.3)	416(34.3)	4.07	0.13
	偶尔	211(25.5)	323(26.6)
	经常	280(33.9)	362(29.8)
罐头食品	不吃	578(69.9)	885(72.9)	7.96	0.02
	偶尔	36(4.4)	33(2.7)
	经常	36(4.4)	34(2.8)
注： ()内数字为构成比/%；部分数据有缺失值。

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表 5 小学生饮食习惯对超重肥胖影响的Logistic回归分析(n= 2 041)

Table 5. Logistic regression analysis of the effect of primary school students' dietary habits on overweight and obesity(n=2 041)

自变量	选项	β值	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值(OR值95%CI)
吃饭速度	慢	-0.77	9.94	0.00	0.46(0.29~0.69)
	正常	-0.76	15.33	0.00	0.47(0.32~0.69)
食欲	好	3.78	13.61	0.00	43.73(5.88~325.36)
	一般	2.13	4.31	0.04	8.41(1.13~62.76)

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