留守初中生亲子互动与心理健康的性别差异

李潇晓; 刘越; 周东洋; 徐水晶

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.06.018

留守初中生亲子互动与心理健康的性别差异

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.06.018

1.
南京邮电大学人口研究院，江苏 210042
2.
河海大学社会学系
3.
南京邮电大学教育科学与技术学院

基金项目:

国家社会科学基金一般项目 16BRK029

江苏高校哲学社会科学一般项目 2020SJA0101

详细信息

作者简介:
李潇晓(1986-)，女，新疆哈密人，博士，助理研究员，主要研究方向为流动人口、婚姻家庭、性别

中图分类号: G78 G444 B844.1
计量
- 文章访问数: 601
- HTML全文浏览量: 317
- PDF下载量: 53
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-09-23
- 修回日期: 2021-01-05
- 网络出版日期: 2021-06-22
- 刊出日期: 2021-06-25

Gender difference in parent-child interaction and mental health of left-behind adolescents in junior high school

1.
Institute of Population Research, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing(210042), China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析父母外出类型对农村留守初中生心理健康影响的性别差异，结合亲子互动的调节作用分析差异产生的原因。方法基于中国教育追踪调查(CEPS)2014—2015学年的追访数据，对3 470名居住地为农村的八年级学生自我报告的亲子互动频率和心理健康数据进行分析。结果父母均外出的留守男生心理健康得分高于留守女生[(68.90±22.45)(63.59±20.83)，t=3.02，P < 0.01]。两层混合效应线性回归模型显示，父母均外出对留守女生亲子互动频率和心理健康的负向预测作用大于留守男生(B值分别为-0.90，-4.02，P值均 < 0.05)；亲子互动频率对留守青少年心理健康影响的性别差异起调节作用，控制亲子互动频率后，留守青少年心理健康的性别差异减小(B=-3.65，P < 0.1)。结论父母均外出对留守女生心理健康的负面影响大于留守男生。需更多呵护青春期留守女生心理健康，促进外出父母与其进行更多沟通。
- 亲子关系 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 性别因素 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生 /
- 农村人口
Abstract: Objective To investigate the gender difference of left-behind adolescents' mental health in rural junior middle schools, and to explore possible moderating role of parent-child interaction. Methods Based on the data of China Education Panel Survey (CEPS) from 2014 to 2015, the self-reported parent-child interaction frequency and mental health of 3 470 eighth grade students lived in rural area were analyzed. Results Mental health scores were higher in left-behind boys (68.90±22.45) whose parents migration compared to left-behind girls (63.59±20.83)(t=3.02, P < 0.01). The two-level mixed effect linear regression model showed that the negative impact of parental migration on the parent-child interaction and mental health of left behind girls was greater than that of left behind boys (B=-0.90, -4.02, P < 0.05). The frequency of parent-child interaction moderated the gender difference of mental health of left behind adolescents (P < 0.01). The above-mentioned gender differences decreased after adding the frequency of parent-child interaction (B=-3.65, P < 0.1). Conclusion The negative impact of parental migration on mental health of left-behind girls in junior high school is stronger than boys. It is needed to take more care of the mental health and promote parent-child communication for left-behind girls.
- Parent-child relation /
- Mental health /
- Sex factors /
- Regression analysis /
- Students /
- Rural population

HTML全文

表 1 不同性别各父母外出类型留守初中生心理健康得分比较(x±s)

Table 1. Comparison of mental health scores of different genders left behind junior high school students with different types of parents going out(x±s)

性别	人数	父母均外出	母亲单独外出	父亲单独外出	父母未外出
女	1 646	63.59±20.83	67.59±22.83	68.61±19.97	69.88±20.66
男	1 824	68.90±22.45	69.15±22.00	69.95±19.78	71.26±22.13
t值		-3.02	-0.54	-0.70	-1.50
P值		< 0.01	0.59	0.48	0.13

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 性别对亲子互动频率影响的两层混合效应线性回归模型(n=3 470)

Table 2. The two-level mixed effect linear regression model for the influence of gender on the frequency of parent-child interaction(n=3 470)

自变量与常量	选项	模型1		模型2
自变量与常量	选项	B值	t值	B值	t值
性别	女	0.80^**		1.05^**	5.71
父母外出情况	父母均外出	-1.01^**	-4.92	-0.60^*	-2.18
	母亲单独外出	-1.69^**	-5.89	-1.34^**	-3.52
	父亲单独外出	-0.47^*	-2.04	-0.34	-1.06
父母均外出×女生				-0.90^*	-2.35
母亲单独外出×女生				-0.80	-1.38
父亲单独外出×女生				-0.26	-0.60
常量		14.09^**	33.30	13.89^**	32.78
注： P < 0.05，*P < 0.01。性别以男生为参照，父母外出情况以父母均未外出为参照，控制变量包括户口、兄弟姐妹数、父亲教育程度、母亲教育程度、家庭经济状况。

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 亲子互动对留守初中生心理健康性别差异调节作用的两层混合效应线性回归模型(n=3 470)

Table 3. The two-level mixed effect linear regression model of the moderating effect of parent-child interaction on gender difference in mental health of left behind junior high school students(n=3 470)

自变量与常量	选项	模型3		模型4		模型5
自变量与常量	选项	B值	t值	B值	t值	B值	t值
性别	女	-1.86^**	-2.59	-1.17	-1.31	-1.68	-1.88
父母外出情况	父母均外出	-2.47^*	-2.43	-0.67	-0.51	-0.43	-0.33
	母亲单独外出	-1.20	-0.91	-1.14	-0.66	-0.48	-0.30
	父亲单独外出	-0.79	-0.82	-0.91	-0.68	-0.79	-0.60
父母均外出×女生				-4.02^*	-2.07	-3.65^a	-1.87
母亲单独外出×女生				0.01	0.00	0.44	0.15
父亲单独外出×女生				0.15	0.09	0.30	0.16
亲子互动频率						0.50^**
常量		48.92^**	19.21	48.18^**	19.19	41.67^**	16.02
注： P < 0.05，*P < 0.01，a为P < 0.1。性别以男生为参照，父母外出情况以父母未外出为参照，控制变量包括户口、兄弟姐妹数、父亲教育程度、母亲教育程度、家庭经济状况。

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(17)

[1]	周韵曦. 完善家庭政策, 为"留守娃"编织关爱网[N]. 中国妇女报, 2019-03-28(004). ZHOU Y X. Perfect family policy, weave care network for 'left behind children'[N]. Chin Women's News, 2019-03-28(004).
[2]	WANG L, WEI Y, MA Y, et al. Fundamental literature and hot topics on rural left-behind children in China: a bibliometric analysis[J]. Child Care Health Dev, 2016, 42(6): 852-858. doi: 10.1111/cch.12390
[3]	郭申阳, 孙晓冬, 彭瑾, 等. 留守儿童的社会心理健康: 来自陕西省泾阳县一个随机大样本调查的发现[J]. 人口研究, 2019, 43(6): 33-48. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-RKYZ201906003.htm GUO S D, SUN X D, PENG J, et al. The social psychological wellbeing of the left-behind children: Findings from a large random sample of Jingyang County in Shanxi Province[J]. Popul Res, 2019, 43(6): 33-48. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-RKYZ201906003.htm
[4]	ZHAO F Q, YU G L. Parental migration and rural left-behind children's mental health in china: a meta-analysis based on mental health test[J]. J Child Fam Stu, 2016, 25(12): 3462-3472. doi: 10.1007/s10826-016-0517-3
[5]	吴培材. 父母外出务工对农村留守儿童身心健康的影响研究[J]. 南方经济, 2020(1): 95-111. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-NFJJ202001008.htm WU P C. Study on the effect of rural labor migration on left: behind children's physical and mental health[J]. South Chin J Econom, 2020(1): 95-111. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-NFJJ202001008.htm
[6]	刘志军. 留守经历与精神健康: 基于80后外来工的实证分析[J]. 中国农业大学学报(社会科学版), 2019, 36(1): 111-127. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-NYSK201901011.htm LIU Z J. Left-behind experience and mental health: an empirical study of migrant workers born after 1980[J]. Chin Agr Univ J(Soc Sci Edit), 2019, 36(1): 111-127. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-NYSK201901011.htm
[7]	范兴华, 方晓义, 黄月胜, 等. 父母关爱对农村留守儿童抑郁的影响机制: 追踪研究[J]. 心理学报, 2018, 50(9): 1029-1040. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XLXB201809010.htm FAN X H, FANG X Y, HUANG Y S. The influence mechanism of parental care on depression among left-behind rural children in China: a longitudinal study[J]. Acta Psychol Sinica, 2018, 50(9): 1029-1040. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XLXB201809010.htm
[8]	魏东霞, 谌新民. 共情陪伴与留守儿童精神健康: 基于2010年中国家庭追踪调查的实证研究[J]. 世界经济文汇, 2018, 1(5): 74-93. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SZWH201805005.htm WEI D X, CHEN X M. Empathy accompanying and mental health of left-behind children: an empirical study on China family panel studies in 2010[J]. World Econom Papers, 2018, 1(5): 74-93. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SZWH201805005.htm
[9]	MURPHY R, ZHOU M H, TAO R. Parents' migration and children's subjective well-being and health: evidence from rural china[J]. Pop Spac Place, 2016, 22(8): 766-780. doi: 10.1002/psp.1955
[10]	朱斯琴. 父母外出对农村留守儿童心理健康的影响: 基于四省农户的实证研究[J]. 暨南学报(哲学社会科学版), 2016, 38(2): 84-94. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5072.2016.02.009 ZHU S Q. Impacts of the migrating parents on mental health of the left-behind children: an empirical study on farmers in four provinces[J]. Jinan J(Philos Soc Sci Edit), 2016, 38(2): 84-94. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5072.2016.02.009
[11]	SU S, LI X, LIN D, et al. Psychological adjustment among left-behind children in rural China: the role of parental migration and parent-child communication[J]. Child Care Health Dev, 2012, 39(2): 162-170.
[12]	王鑫强, 张大均. 初中生生活满意度的发展趋势及心理韧性的影响: 2年追踪研究[J]. 心理发展与教育, 2012, 28(1): 91-98. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XLFZ201201013.htm WANG X Q, ZHANG D J. The change of junior middle school students' life satisfaction and the prospective effect of resilience: a two year longitudinal study[J]. Psychol Dev Educ, 2012, 28(1): 91-98. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XLFZ201201013.htm
[13]	戚务念. 一所乡校的留守女童观察(上)[N]. 中国青年报, 2019-02-18(006). QI W N. Observation of left behind girls in a rural school(1)[N]. Chin Youth News, 2019-02-18(006).
[14]	王宏, 刁华, 冉敏, 等. 重庆某区青春期留守儿童生活质量影响因素分析[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2018, 39(9): 1287-1291. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.09.003 WANG H, DIAO H, RAN M, et al. Quality of life among left-behind adolescents in rural Chongqing[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2018, 39(9): 1287-1291. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.09.003
[15]	和建花. 留守儿童关爱服务应重视多样化需求[N]. 中国妇女报, 2017-06-20(B02). HE J H. Care services for left behind children should pay attention to diversified needs[N]. Chin Women's News, 2017-06-20(B02).
[16]	段成荣, 吕利丹, 郭静, 等. 我国农村留守儿童生存和发展基本状况: 基于第六次人口普查数据的分析[J]. 人口学刊, 2013, 35(3): 37-49. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-129X.2013.03.004 DUAN C R, LYU L D, GUO J, et al. Survival and development of left-behind children in rural China: based on the analysis of sixth census data[J]. Populat J, 2013, 35(3): 37-49. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-129X.2013.03.004
[17]	叶敬忠, 王伊欢, 张克云, 等. 父母外出务工对留守儿童情感生活的影响[J]. 农业经济问题, 2006(4): 19-24. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6389.2006.04.005 YE J Z, WANG Y H, ZHANG K Y, et al. Impacts of the migrating parents on life of the left-behind children[J]. Issues Agr Econ, 2006(4): 19-24. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6389.2006.04.005