中低收入国家遭受校园欺凌与青少年学生心理健康的关系

喻妍; 贺安琦; 郑思; 王双

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.06.017

中低收入国家遭受校园欺凌与青少年学生心理健康的关系

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.06.017

喻妍¹,
贺安琦¹,
郑思¹,
王双^2, ,

1.
武汉大学健康学院，湖北 430072
2.
苏州市第九人民医院组织人事处

基金项目:

中华医学基金会项目 17-273

详细信息

作者简介:
喻妍(1996-)，女，湖北武汉人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为青少年健康

通讯作者:
王双，E-mail：349410108@qq.com

中图分类号: G444 B844.2 G478
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- 文章访问数: 805
- HTML全文浏览量: 411
- PDF下载量: 53
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-11-28
- 修回日期: 2021-02-10
- 网络出版日期: 2021-06-22
- 刊出日期: 2021-06-25

Association between school bullying and mental health of adolescent students in low-income and middle-income countries

YU Yan¹,
HE Anqi¹,
ZHENG Si¹,
WANG Shuang^{2
, ,}

1.
School of Health Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan(430072), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解中低收入国家青少年遭受校园欺凌的发生率及其与青少年学生心理健康的关系，为青少年校园欺凌防控与心理健康干预提供参考。方法数据来源于19个中低收入国家2009—2015年全球校园健康调查，共22 963名13~17岁中学生。采用二元Logistic回归分析遭受校园欺凌的影响因素，多元线性回归分析遭受校园欺凌与心理健康的关系。结果学生心理健康平均得分为(5.75±2.09)分，有35.1%的学生报告曾遭受校园欺凌，低收入和中等收入国家学生遭受过校园欺凌的比例分别为39.4%，34.3%。低年级、超重、家庭经济状况差、家庭学习和心理支持低、感知家庭关系较差、逃学多、同学关系差的学生更容易遭受校园欺凌(P值均 < 0.05)，遭受校园欺凌与女生的不利心理健康状态呈正相关(B=1.27，P < 0.01)。结论遭受校园欺凌在低收入国家更为普遍，且对女性心理健康的负面影响更大。需要对低收入国家和女性青少年学生群体中的校园欺凌问题给予更多地关注，采取具有成本效益的干预措施，以减少或减轻欺凌的后果。
- 暴力 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生 /
- 青少年
Abstract: Objective To understand the incidence of school bullying and its influencing factors among adolescents in low-income and middle-income countries, and to explore the association between school bullying and mental health of adolescent students, so as to provide reference for prevention and control of school bullying and mental health intervention. Methods Data was obtained from the 2009-2015 Global School Student Health Survey from 19 low-income and middle-income countries (n=22 963). Binary Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of school bullying, and multiple linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between school bullying and mental health. Results The average score of students' mental health was(5.75±2.09), and approximately 35.1% of adolescent students reported suffering from school bullying. The rates of school bullying among students in low-income and middle-income countries were 39.4% amd 34.3%, respectively. Students with lower grades, overweight, poor family economic status, low family learning and psychological support, poor perceived family relationship, more truancy, and poor relationship with classmates were more likely to suffer from school bullying(P < 0.05). Exposure to school bullying was positively associated with adverse mental health outcomes for women(B=1.27, P < 0.01). Conclusion Not only were school bullying more common in low-income countries, but also school bullying had a greater negative impact on the mental health of girls. We need to pay more attention to school bullying among adolescent students, especially in low-income countries and girls, with cost-effective interventions to reduce or mitigate the consequences of bullying.
- Violence /
- Mental health /
- Regression analysis /
- Students /
- Adolescent

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表 1 不同组别学生遭受校园欺凌检出率比较

Table 1. Comparison of report rate of school bullying among students with different demographic characteristics

组别	选项	人数	欺凌受害人数	χ²值	P值
性别	男	10 858	3 865(35.6)	2.34	0.13
	女	12 105	4 192(34.6)
年级	七	4 132	1 445(35.0)	50.01	< 0.01
	八	4 922	1 873(38.1)
	九	7 023	2 295(32.7)
	十	4 892	1 800(36.8)
	十一	1 994	644(32.3)
营养状况	消瘦	8 257	2 758(33.4)	16.23	< 0.01
	正常	12 420	4 467(36.0)
	超重	2 286	832(36.4)
注： ()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 2 遭受校园欺凌组与未遭受欺凌组学生家庭因素学校经历心理健康得分比较(x±s)

Table 2. Comparison of the scores of family and school experiences between victims of bullying and control groups(x±s)

组别	人数	家庭因素				学校经历			心理健康
组别	人数	家庭经济地位	家庭学习支持	家庭心理支持	感知家庭关系	逃学频率	同学关系	亲密朋友数量	心理健康
遭受欺凌组	8 057	3.70±1.15	2.88±1.42	2.74±1.38	2.91±1.38	1.55±0.86	3.04±1.24	3.36±0.96	6.60±2.18
未遭受欺凌组	14 906	4.04±1.13	3.12±1.50	2.84±1.50	3.08±1.50	1.35±0.71	3.19±1.34	3.32±0.97	5.29±1.89
t值		-21.70	-12.26	-5.22	-8.78	18.00	-8.29	2.40	45.40
P值		< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.02	< 0.01

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表 3 中低收入国家学生遭受校园欺凌影响因素的二元Logistic回归分析[OR值(OR值95%CI)]

Table 3. Binary Logistic regression analysis of influencing factors of school bullying among students in low-income and middle-income countries[OR(OR 95%CI)]

自变量	全样本(n=22 963)	中等收入国家(n=19 262)	低收入国家(n=3 701)
性别	0.98(0.92~1.03)	0.99(0.93~1.06)	0.74(0.64~0.85)^**
年级	0.97(0.95~1.00)^*	0.93(0.91~0.96)^**	1.04(0.98~1.10)
营养状况
正常	1.14(1.07~1.21)^**	1.12(1.05~1.20)^**	1.07(0.91~1.25)
超重	1.20(1.08~1.32)^**	1.26(1.13~1.40)^**	0.96(0.70~1.33)
家庭因素
家庭经济地位	0.78(0.77~0.80)^**	0.78(0.76~0.80)^**	0.83(0.79~0.88)^**
家庭学习支持	0.91(0.90~0.93)^**	0.91(0.89~0.94)^**	0.92(0.88~0.97)^**
家庭心理支持	1.03(1.01~1.05)^*	1.03(1.00~1.06)^*	0.97(0.92~1.03)
感知家庭关系	0.97(0.95~0.99)^*	0.97(0.94~0.99)^*	0.97(0.92~1.02)
学校经历
逃学频率	1.34(1.29~1.39)^**	1.35(1.30~1.40)^**	1.46(1.31~1.64)^**
同学关系	0.94(0.92~0.97)^**	0.94(0.91~0.96)^**	0.95(0.90~1.00)
亲密朋友数量	1.07(1.04~1.10)^**	1.08(1.05~1.12)^**	1.14(1.06~1.21)^**
注： P < 0.05，*P < 0.01；性别以女性为参照，营养状况以消瘦为参照，年级、家庭因素、学校经历作为连续型变量处理。

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表 4 青少年学生遭受校园欺凌与心理健康的多元线性回归分析[B值(B值95%CI)]

Table 4. Multiple linear regression analysis of school bullying and adolescent students' mental health[B(B 95%CI)]

自变量与截距	男(n=10 858)	女(n=12 105)
遭受校园欺凌	1.04(0.96~1.12)	1.27(1.19~1.35)^**
年级	0.15(0.12~0.18)^**	0.17(0.14~0.20)^**
营养状况
正常	0.13(0.06~0.21)^**	0.14(0.06~0.22)^**
超重	-0.11(-0.25~0.03)	-0.07(-0.20~0.05)
家庭因素
家庭经济地位	-0.32(-0.36~-0.29)^**	-0.22(-0.25~-0.18)^**
家庭学习支持	-0.03(-0.05~0.00)	-0.05(-0.08~-0.02)^**
家庭心理支持	-0.01(-0.04~0.03)	-0.03(-0.07~-0.00)^*
感知家庭关系	-0.00(-0.03~0.03)	-0.02(-0.05~0.01)
学校经历
逃学频率	0.23(0.18~0.28)^**	0.26(0.20~0.31)^**
同学关系	0.01(-0.02~0.04)	0.01(-0.02~0.04)
亲密朋友数量	-0.05(-0.09~-0.01)^*	-0.06(-0.10~-0.02)^**
截距	5.85(5.60~6.10)^**	5.90(5.64~6.15)^**
注： P < 0.05，*P < 0.01；校园欺凌组以未受欺凌为参照，营养状况以消瘦为参照，年级、家庭因素、学校经历作为连续型变量处理。

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