个体与家庭特征对新冠肺炎疫情期间中学生心理状况的影响

杨晓尘; 朱静芬; 陈子玥; 谭银亮; 何亚平

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.06.014

个体与家庭特征对新冠肺炎疫情期间中学生心理状况的影响

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.06.014

杨晓尘¹,
朱静芬^{1, 2},
陈子玥¹,
谭银亮¹,
何亚平^{1, 2, ,}

1.
上海交通大学公共卫生学院，上海 200025
2.
中国医院发展研究院

基金项目:

上海交通大学医院发展研究院项目 CHDI2020A33

详细信息

作者简介:
杨晓尘(1998-)，女，江苏省人，本科在读生

通讯作者:
何亚平，E-mail：hypcyr@sina.com

中图分类号: B844.2 G444
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-11-29
- 修回日期: 2021-01-05
- 网络出版日期: 2021-06-22
- 刊出日期: 2021-06-25

Influence of individual and family characteristics on middle school students' mental health status during COVID-19 pandemic

1.
School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai(200025), China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间居家隔离状态中个体及家庭因素对中学生焦虑和孤独情绪产生的影响，为探讨突发公共卫生事件应激过程中可能采取的有效干预路径提供参考。方法采用分层随机整群抽样法，于2020年3—4月抽取上海市初、高中生共11 596名，采用广泛性焦虑量表(GAD-7)和孤独感量表简版(ULS-6)进行调查。结果中学生焦虑、孤独发生率分别为34.78%，52.44%，女生焦虑和孤独的发生率(36.13%，54.62%)高于男生(33.44%，50.28%)(χ²值分别为17.03，21.82，P值均 < 0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示，毕业班(OR=1.34，95%CI=1.18~1.52)、成绩中等(OR=1.25，95%CI=1.08~1.45)及后25%者(OR=1.76，95%CI=1.50~2.05)、非独生子女(OR=1.25，95%CI=1.09~1.43)、客观社会经济地位低(OR=1.42，95%CI=1.23~1.65)与中重度焦虑情绪的发生正性相关，女生(OR=1.20，95%CI=1.12~1.30)、毕业班(OR=1.13，95%CI=1.04~1.24)、外省市户籍(OR=1.20，95%CI=1.09~1.33)、成绩差(OR=1.72，95%CI=1.55~1.91)、不与父母同住(OR=1.32，95%CI=1.18~1.48)与孤独情绪的发生正性相关(P值均 < 0.05)。结论居家隔离期间，需关注青少年焦虑和孤独等负性情绪，尤其是女生、毕业班、成绩较后、独生子女及家庭社会经济地位较低的青少年。
- 家庭特征 /
- 冠状病毒属 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective This study aims to investigate the impact of individual and family factors on anxiety and loneliness of middle school students during quarantine in the COVID-19 pandemic and to provide reference for discussing the possible effective intervention paths in the stress process of public health emergencies. Methods A total of 11 596 students from junior and high schools in Shanghai were selected to complete the questionnaire with the stratified random cluster sampling method. Generalized Anxiety Disorder(GAD-7) and UCLA Loneliness Scale, University of California at Los Angeles(ULS-6) were used for the survey. Results The prevalence of anxiety and loneliness were 34.78% and 52.44% respectively. The rate of anxiety and loneliness in girls (36.13%, 54.62%) was higher than that of boys (33.44%, 50.28%)(χ²=17.03, 21.82, P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that graduates (OR=1.34, 95%CI=1.18-1.52), students ranking in the middle (OR=1.25, 95%CI=1.08-1.45) or in the bottom 25% (OR=1.76, 95%CI=1.50-2.05), non-only children in the family (OR=1.25, 95%CI=1.09-1.43) and low socioeconomic status (OR=1.42, 95%CI=1.23-1.65) were associated with increased risk of moderate and severe level of anxiety(P < 0.05). Girls(OR=1.20, 95%CI=1.12-1.30), graduates(OR=1.13, 95%CI=1.04-1.24), non-residents(OR=1.20, 95%CI=1.09-1.33), lower level of grades(OR=1.72, 95%CI=1.55-1.91) and not living with parents(OR=1.32, 95%CI=1.18-1.48) were associated with increased risk of loneliness(P < 0.05). Conclusion During the quarantine period caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, negative emotions such as anxiety and loneliness among adolescents need attention, especially females, graduates, only children and students with low rankings or low socioeconomic status.
- Family characteristics /
- Coronavirus /
- Mental health /
- Regression analysis /
- Students

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表 1 不同组别中学生焦虑孤独状态检出率比较

Table 1. The prevalence of anxiety and loneliness among students in different subgroups

组别	选项	人数	焦虑				孤独
组别	选项	人数	轻度	中重度	χ²值	P值	检出人数	χ²值	P值
性别	男	5 823	1 188(20.40)	759(13.03)	17.03	< 0.01	2 928(50.28)	21.82	< 0.01
	女	5 773	1 361(23.58)	725(12.56)			3 153(54.62)
学段	初中	6 897	1 449(21.01)	874(12.67)	10.68	0.01	3 578(51.88)	2.16	0.14
	高中	4 699	1 100(23.41)	610(12.98)			2 503(53.27)
年级	普通班	8 735	1 838(21.04)	1 064(12.18)	37.90	< 0.01	4 506(51.59)	10.38	< 0.01
	毕业班	2 861	711(24.85)	420(14.68)			1 575(55.05)
曾经住校	是	1 240	308(24.84)	168(13.55)	8.54	0.01	664(53.55)	0.68	0.41
	否	10 356	2 241(21.64)	1 316(12.71)			5 417(52.31)
户籍	上海市	8 685	1 865(21.47)	1 072(12.34)	14.55	< 0.01	4 505(51.87)	4.50	0.03
	外省市	2 911	684(23.50)	412(14.15)			1 576(54.14)
成绩	前25%	3 088	608(19.69)	313(10.14)	86.42	< 0.01	1 438(46.57)	122.74	< 0.01
	中等	5 379	1 231(22.89)	651(12.10)			2 757(51.25)
	后25%	3 129	710(22.69)	520(16.62)			1 886(60.27)
与父母同住	是	10 195	2 233(21.90)	1 285(12.60)	3.66	0.16	5 247(51.47)	32.10	< 0.01
	否	1 401	316(22.56)	199(14.20)			834(59.53)
独生子女	是	8 190	1 796(21.93)	969(11.83)	24.80	< 0.01	4 299(52.49)	0.03	0.87
	否	3 406	753(22.11)	515(15.12)			1 782(52.32)
与祖辈同住	是	4 456	992(22.26)	548(12.30)	1.72	0.42	2 330(52.29)	0.07	0.80
	否	7 140	1 557(21.81)	936(13.11)			3 751(52.54)
客观社会经济地位	低	3 623	806(22.25)	563(15.54)	50.22	< 0.01	1 953(53.91)	10.73	0.01
	中	4 233	968(22.87)	519(12.26)			2 247(53.08)
	高	3 740	775(20.72)	402(10.75)			1 881(50.29)
社区确诊病例	有	534	122(22.85)	92(17.23)	11.19	< 0.01	290(54.31)	0.78	0.38
	无	11 062	2 427(21.94)	1 392(12.58)			5 791(52.35)
注： ()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 2 不同组别中学生孤独感量表得分比较

Table 2. The loneliness scale scores among students in different subgroups

组别	选项	人数	x±s	t/F值	P值
性别	男	5 823	9.29±4.35	-1.25	0.21
	女	5 773	9.39±4.17
学校类型	初中	6 897	9.28±4.30	-1.96	0.05
	高中	4 699	9.44±4.21
年级	普通班	8 735	9.28±4.26	-2.76	0.01
	毕业班	2 861	9.53±4.28
曾经住校	是	1 240	9.48±4.24	1.21	0.23
	否	10 356	9.32±4.27
户籍	上海市	8 685	9.30±4.23	-1.60	0.11
	外省市	2 911	9.45±4.37
成绩	前25%	3 088	8.76±3.94	90.38	< 0.01
	中等	5 379	9.18±4.12
	后25%	3 129	10.20±4.66
与父母同住	是	10 195	9.23±4.19	-7.00	< 0.01
	否	1 401	10.15±4.69
独生子女	是	8 190	9.28±4.17	-2.24	0.03
	否	3 406	9.48±4.48
与祖辈同住	是	4 456	9.29±4.23	-0.94	0.35
	否	7 140	9.37±4.29
客观社会经济	低	3 623	9.56±4.42	10.38	< 0.01
地位	中	4 233	9.36±4.27
	高	3 740	9.11±4.10
社区确诊病例	有	534	9.95±4.85	3.37	< 0.01
	无	11 062	9.31±4.23

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表 3 疫情期间青少年心理症状个体与家庭影响因素的Logistic回归分析(n=11 596)

Table 3. The Logistic regression analysis for psychological symptoms of individual and family characteristics(n=11 596)

自变量	选项	轻度焦虑		中重度焦虑		孤独
自变量	选项	OR值(OR值95%CI)	P值	OR值(OR值95%CI)	P值	OR值(OR值95%CI)	P值
性别	男	1.00		1.00		1.00
	女	1.21(1.10~1.32)	0.00	1.01(0.90~1.13)	0.85	1.20(1.12~1.30)	0.00
学校类型	初中	1.00		1.00		1.00
	高中	1.18(1.06~1.31)	0.00	1.16(1.02~1.32)	0.02	1.06(0.98~1.16)	0.15
年级	普通班	1.00		1.00		1.00
	毕业班	1.32(1.19~1.46)	0.00	1.34(1.18~1.52)	0.00	1.13(1.04~1.24)	0.01
曾经住校	是	1.00		1.00		1.00
	否	0.90(0.78~1.04)	0.17	0.96(0.80~1.16)	0.70	1.00(0.88~1.13)	0.99
户籍	上海市	1.00		1.00		1.00
	外省市	1.27(1.13~1.44)	0.00	1.12(0.96~1.30)	0.15	1.20(1.09~1.33)	0.00
成绩	前25%	1.00		1.00		1.00
	中等	1.24(1.11~1.39)	0.00	1.25(1.08~1.45)	0.00	1.20(1.09~1.31)	0.00
	后25%	1.32(1.16~1.49)	0.00	1.76(1.50~2.05)	0.00	1.72(1.55~1.91)	0.00
与父母同住	是	1.00		1.00		1.00
	否	1.01(0.88~1.17)	0.85	1.11(0.94~1.31)	0.23	1.32(1.18~1.48)	0.00
独生子女	是	1.00		1.00		1.00
	否	0.99(0.89~1.11)	0.93	1.25(1.09~1.43)	0.00	0.92(0.84~1.01)	0.07
与祖辈同住	是	1.00		1.00		1.00
	否	0.94(0.85~1.03)	0.18	1.02(0.91~1.15)	0.71	1.01(0.93~1.09)	0.88
客观社会经济地位	高	1.00		1.00		1.00
	中	1.13(1.00~1.27)	< 0.05	1.15(1.00~1.33)	0.05	1.08(0.98~1.18)	0.10
	低	1.14(1.02~1.28)	0.02	1.42(1.23~1.65)	0.00	1.08(0.98~1.19)	0.12
社区确诊病例	无	1.00		1.00		1.00
	有	1.13(0.91~1.40)	0.27	1.39(1.09~1.77)	0.01	1.06(0.89~1.27)	0.49

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