定向运动练习对儿童执行功能的影响

杨宁; 刘晨; 刘阳; 李雪宁; 吴磊; 魏铭泽

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.06.012

定向运动练习对儿童执行功能的影响

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.06.012

杨宁¹,
刘晨^1, ,,
刘阳²,
李雪宁³,
吴磊¹,
魏铭泽⁴

1.
山东青年政治学院体育部，济南 250103
2.
陕西师范大学体育学院
3.
东北师范大学体育学院
4.
吉林大学哲学社会学院

基金项目:

教育部人文社科基金青年项目 16YJCZH063

山东青年政治学院教学改革研究项目 JGWT201911

详细信息

作者简介:
杨宁(1993-)，男，山东菏泽人，硕士，助教，主要研究方向为运动与注意、记忆、执行功能等认知关系

通讯作者:
刘晨，E-mail：805770898@qq.com

中图分类号: R179 G808
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-09-21
- 修回日期: 2021-01-23
- 网络出版日期: 2021-06-22
- 刊出日期: 2021-06-25

Effect of orienteering exercises on children's executive function

YANG Ning¹,
LIU Chen^{1
, ,},
LIU Yang²,
LI Xuening³,
WU Lei¹,
WEI Mingze⁴

1.
Department of Physical Education, Shandong Youth University of Political Science, Jinan(250103), China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨定向运动练习对儿童执行功能的改善作用，为揭示执行功能与定向运动干预之间的关系提供理论支撑。方法选取长春市中海一实验小学四年级40名儿童为实验对象，平均分为实验组(男生10名，女生10名)和对照组(男生10名，女生10名)。利用儿童执行功能测试工具中More-odd shifting、1-back和Flanker任务分别测量运动干预前、后儿童的抑制功能、转换功能和刷新功能等执行功能各子功能变化。结果干预后，实验组抑制功能、转换功能和刷新功能反应时[(10.29±15.99)(295.19±189.76)(642.85±220.78)ms]与干预前[(25.62±10.18)(616.04±287.92)(1 051.25±275.00)ms]降低，差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为12.52，20.76，20.89，P值均 < 0.01)，对照组反应时差异无统计学意义(P值均 > 0.05)。交互作用结果显示，既没有发现性别主效应，也没有发现性别×组别、性别×时间和性别×时间×组别的交互作用(P值均 > 0.05)。结论定向运动练习对儿童执行功能具有显著提高作用，且不随性别变化而变化。
- 运动活动 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 干预性研究 /
- 儿童
Abstract: Objective To explore the effect of orienteering exercises on the improvement of children's executive function, and to explore the relationship between executive function and orienteering intervention to provide theoretical support. Methods Forty children from the fourth grade of Zhonghai the First Experimental Primary School in Changchun City were selected as the experimental subjects, 20 as the experimental group (10 males, 10 females) and 20 as the control group (10 males, 10 females). The functional changes of executive function subfunctions (inhibitory function, conversion function, refresh function) before and after orienteering exercises intervention were measured by More-odd shifting, 1-back and Flanker. Results After intervention, the inhibitory function, conversion function and refresh function were significantly decreased in the experimental group (10.29±15.99, 295.19±189.76, 642.85±220.78)ms compared with before intervention (25.62±10.18, 616.04±287.92, 1 051.25±275.00)ms (F=12.52, 20.76, 20.89, P < 0.01), while there was no significant change in the control group (P > 0.05). In this study, neither gender main effect nor interaction between sex × group, sex × time and sex × time × group were found (P > 0.05). Conclusion Orienteering exercises can significantly improve children's executive function, which are not vaired by sex.
- Motor activity /
- Mental health /
- Intervention studies /
- Child

HTML全文

表 1 定向运动练习干预方案

Table 1. Orienteering exercises intervention program

周次	主要内容	授课形式	教学要求
1	定向运动简介、起源、分类；身体素质：耐力训练	理论	了解定向运动项目、教学内容
2	标定地图与站立点的确定；积分赛介绍与体验；身体素质：男子俯卧撑，女子仰卧起坐	实训	掌握地图标向、转图及预判；了解积分赛规则
3	路线规划、参照物、攻击点选择；短距离体验；身体素质：立定跳远	实训	掌握选择运动路线技术
4	捕捉检察点技术分析；短距离教学比赛；身体素质：速度项目	实训	掌握借点法、偏向瞄准法、指北针定点法的技术
5	百米定向赛技术学习(田径场)；身体素质：耐力项目	实训	掌握百米定向赛预判、核对等读图技术，熟练运用百米定向赛技术
6	专线体验路线练习；身体素质：耐力项目	实训	掌握识图要领，提高方向感受
7	简化地图与超前读图技术；短距离教学赛(校园教学区域图)；身体素质：柔韧性练习	实训	掌握简化读图、超前读图及读图节奏等技术
8	接力赛技术学习；身体素质：台阶练习	实训	掌握接力赛技术环节，熟练运用简化读图、超前读图及读图节奏等技术
9	直线穿越技术；精确定向；身体素质：力量练习	实训	掌握方位角行进及借点技术
10	团队赛技术教学；团队赛分图练习	实训	掌握团队赛技术环节

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表 2 实验组与对照组干预前后执行功能各子功能反应时比较(x±s, ms)

Table 2. Comparison of response time of each subfunction of executive function between experimental group and control group before and after intervention(x±s, ms)

组别	干预前后	人数	统计值	抑制	转换	刷新
实验组	干预前	20		25.62±10.18	616.04±287.92	1 051.25±275.00
	干预后	20		10.29±15.99	295.19±189.76	642.85±220.78
			t值	3.60	4.26	4.97
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
对照组	干预前	20		26.21±8.81	628.79±243.53	1 070.75±338.96
	干预后	20		25.08±16.69	592.06±149.98	1 063.30±267.51
			t值	0.31	0.69	0.08
			P值	0.76	0.50	0.94

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