南京市三年级小学生含糖饮料知识知晓及饮用情况

王琛琛; 王巍巍; 郑雨虹; 周海茸; 洪忻

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.06.011

南京市三年级小学生含糖饮料知识知晓及饮用情况

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.06.011

江苏省南京市疾病预防控制中心慢性非传染性疾病防制科，210003

基金项目:

江苏省预防医学基金项目 Y2018007

详细信息

作者简介:
王琛琛(1985-)，女，江苏南京人，硕士，副主任医师，主要从事慢性病预防控制工作

通讯作者:
洪忻，E-mail：nj_hongxin@126.com

中图分类号: R153.2 G627.8
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-12-01
- 修回日期: 2021-01-18
- 网络出版日期: 2021-06-22
- 刊出日期: 2021-06-25

Sugar-sweetened beverage knowledge and consumption among third-grade primary students in Nanjing

Department of Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing(210003), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解南京市三年级学生含糖饮料知识知晓和饮用情况及其影响因素，为采取有针对性的干预措施提供依据。方法 2019年9月，采用多阶段随机整群抽样方法，在南京市12个行政区随机抽取1个城区和1个远郊地区，每个区随机抽取2所小学，以所有在校三年级学生共1 686名为研究对象，通过自填式问卷收集含糖饮料相关知识及摄入情况。结果含糖饮料相关知识答对6题及以上的学生有753名(44.7%)，城区(50.2%)高于郊区(40.0%)；含乳饮料不能替代牛奶知晓率为46.3%(780名)，城区(52.0%)高于郊区(41.4%)，差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为17.76，18.99，P值均 < 0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示，与喝含糖饮料频率 < 1次/周相比，与小学生喝含糖饮料频率≥4次/周呈正相关的因素有城区(OR=1.55)、父母亲文化程度较低(OR=2.44)、家中经常有含糖饮料储备(OR=1.62)，呈负相关的因素有校外体育活动时长 < 120 min/周(OR=0.68)、视屏时间 < 120 min/d(OR=0.50)、含糖饮料知识正确率≥60%(OR=0.75)、父母限制吃高糖零食行为(OR=0.60)。结论南京市三年级学生含糖饮料知识知晓水平较低，学生含糖饮料摄入情况受地区、父母亲文化程度、含糖饮料知识知晓及家庭因素影响。应在学校和家庭层面对学生的含糖饮料摄入行为进行干预，营造学校-家庭一体的少喝含糖饮料支持性氛围。
- 碳水化合物 /
- 饮料 /
- 知识 /
- 摄食行为 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To explore the knowledge and consumption of sugar-sweetened beverage(SSB) and its influencing factors among third-grade primary students, to provide basis for take targeted intervention measures. Methods In September 2019, 1 686 primary school students of grade 3 were randomly selected from 2 primary schools in 1 urban area and 1 outer suburb area of 12 districts in Nanjing by using a multistage cluster sampling method, and a self-administered questionnaire were offered to them to collect the knowledge about sugar-sweetened beverage and its intake. Results Totally 753 students (44.7%) answered 6 or more SSB knowledge questions correctly, and the rate of 389 students (50.2%) in urban areas was higher than that of 364 students (40.0%) in suburban areas. There were 780 (46.3%) students who knew that dairy-containing beverage could not replace milk, the rate of 403 (52.0%) students in urban area was higher than that of 377 (41.4%) students in suburban area (χ²=17.76, 18.99, P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the frequency of consumption of SSB < 1 time per week, the behavioral risk factors of primary school students who drink SSB ≥4 times per week were: urban area (OR=1.55), low parents educational level (OR=2.44), and frequent storage of SSB at home (OR=1.62). The protective factors were as follows: duration of extracurricular physical activity < 120 min/week (OR=0.68), video time < 120 min/day (OR=0.50), awareness rate of SSB ≥60% (OR=0.75), and restriction of high-sugar snacks by parents (OR=0.60). Conclusion The knowledge associated with SSB among third-grade students in Nanjing is relatively low. Consumption of SSB has been influenced by areas, parents' educational level, knowledge about SSB and family factors. SSB consumption among primary students should be interfered at the school and family level. The health food education need to carry out based on the school and family, so as to create a supportive atmosphere integrating the school-family to drink less sugar beverages.
- Carbohydrates /
- Beverages /
- Knowledge /
- Feeding behavior /
- Regression analysis /
- Students

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表 1 含糖饮料相关知识知晓率不同性别不同地区学生间比较

Table 1. Comparison of awareness rate of related knowledge about sugar-sweetened beverage among students of different genders and different regions

知识	性别				地区				合计 (n=1 686)
知识	男(n=904)	女(n=782)	χ²值	P值	城区(n=775)	远郊(n=911)	χ²值	P值	合计 (n=1 686)
添加糖的定义	290(32.1)	248(31.7)	0.03	0.88	253(32.6)	285(31.3)	0.36	0.56	538(31.9)
含糖饮料的定义	299(33.1)	224(28.6)	3.85	< 0.05	249(32.1)	274(30.1)	0.82	0.37	523(31.0)
含糖饮料会影响健康	829(91.7)	715(91.4)	0.04	0.86	720(92.9)	824(90.5)	3.27	0.08	1 544(91.6)
含糖饮料可能导致龋齿	762(84.3)	681(87.1)	2.65	0.11	668(86.2)	775(85.1)	0.43	0.53	1 443(85.6)
含糖饮料可能导致肥胖	641(70.9)	616(78.8)	13.67	0.00	611(78.8)	646(70.9)	13.87	0.00	1 257(74.6)
含糖饮料可能导致儿童糖尿病并持续至成年	464(51.3)	376(48.1)	1.77	0.19	406(52.4)	434(47.6)	3.78	0.05	840(49.8)
碳酸饮料可能影响儿童骨骼发育	465(51.4)	365(46.7)	3.81	0.05	399(51.5)	431(47.3)	2.98	0.10	830(49.2)
果蔬汁饮料不能替代水果和蔬菜	572(63.3)	443(56.6)	7.68	0.01	501(64.6)	514(56.4)	11.82	0.00	1 015(60.2)
含乳饮料不能替代牛奶	407(45.0)	373(47.7)	1.21	0.28	403(52.0)	377(41.4)	18.99	0.00	780(46.3)
含糖饮料属于高糖食品	793(87.7)	699(89.4)	1.14	0.32	679(87.6)	813(89.2)	1.09	0.32	1 492(88.5)
正确率≥60%	409(45.2)	344(44.0)	0.27	0.62	389(50.2)	364(40.0)	17.76	0.00	753(44.7)
注： ()内数字为知晓率/%。

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表 2 不同组别小学生每周含糖饮料消费频率分布比较

Table 2. Distribution of weekly consumption frequency of sugar-sweetened beverage among primary school students

组别	选项	人数	< 1次	1~3次	≥4次	χ²值	P值
性别	男	904	155(17.1)	306(33.8)	443(49.0)	5.12	0.08
	女	782	142(18.2)	299(38.2)	341(43.6)
地区	城区	775	137(17.7)	242(31.2)	396(51.1)	15.19	0.00
	郊区	911	160(17.6)	363(39.8)	388(42.6)
父母亲文化程度	高中及以下	604	71(11.8)	207(34.3)	326(54.0)	30.34	0.00
	大专及以上	1 082	226(20.9)	398(36.8)	458(42.3)
每周校外体育活动时长/min	< 120	907	170(18.7)	343(37.8)	394(43.4)	7.42	0.03
	≥120	779	127(16.3)	262(33.6)	390(50.1)
家庭作业时间/(min·d^-1)	< 120	756	134(17.7)	255(33.7)	367(48.5)	3.01	0.22
	≥120	930	163(17.5)	350(37.6)	417(44.8)
视屏时间/(min·d^-1)	< 120	1 543	281(18.2)	567(36.7)	695(45.0)	15.76	0.00
	≥120	143	16(11.2)	38(26.6)	89(62.2)
含糖饮料知识正确率≥60%	是	753	156(20.7)	262(34.8)	335(44.5)	9.07	0.01
	否	933	141(15.1)	343(36.8)	449(48.1)
家中经常有含糖饮料储备	是	260	31(11.9)	75(28.8)	154(59.2)	20.61	0.00
	否	1 426	266(18.7)	530(37.2)	630(44.2)
父母限制喝含糖饮料	是	1 035	200(19.3)	365(35.3)	470(45.4)	5.41	0.07
	否	651	97(14.9)	240(36.9)	314(48.2)
父母限制吃高糖零食	是	979	200(20.4)	350(35.8)	429(43.8)	14.11	0.00
	否	707	97(13.7)	255(36.1)	355(50.2)
父母经常喝含糖饮料	是	433	60(13.9)	146(33.7)	227(52.4)	9.83	0.01
	否	1 253	237(18.9)	459(36.6)	557(44.5)
父母经常吃高糖零食	是	317	51(16.1)	99(31.2)	167(52.7)	6.08	0.05
	否	1 369	246(18.0)	506(37.0)	617(45.1)
注： ()内数字为构成比/%。

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表 3 小学生含糖饮料饮用情况多因素Logistic回归分析(n=1 686)

Table 3. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of sugar-sweetened beverage among primary school students (n=1 686)

自变量	1~3次/周					≥4次/周
自变量	β值	标准误	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值(OR值95%CI)	β值	标准误	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值(OR值95%CI)
性别	-0.09	0.14	0.39	0.53	0.91(0.69~1.21)	0.13	0.14	0.80	0.37	1.13(0.86~1.50)
地区	-0.12	0.15	0.63	0.43	0.89(0.66~1.19)	0.44	0.15	8.85	0.00	1.55(1.16~2.07)
父母亲文化程度	0.43	0.17	6.46	0.01	1.53(1.10~2.13)	0.89	0.16	29.74	0.00	2.44(1.77~3.35)
校外体育活动时长	-0.15	0.15	0.97	0.32	0.87(0.65~1.15)	-0.39	0.14	7.31	0.01	0.68(0.51~0.90)
家庭作业时间	-0.13	0.15	0.83	0.36	0.88(0.66~1.16)	0.08	0.14	0.32	0.57	1.08(0.82~1.43)
视屏时间	-0.12	0.31	0.16	0.69	0.88(0.48~1.63)	-0.70	0.29	6.00	0.01	0.50(0.28~0.87)
含糖饮料知识正确率≥60%	-0.30	0.15	3.92	0.05	0.74(0.55~1.00)	-0.29	0.15	3.79	0.05	0.75(0.56~1.00)
家中经常有含糖饮料储备	0.07	0.24	0.08	0.78	1.07(0.67~1.70)	0.48	0.22	4.66	0.03	1.62(1.05~2.52)
父母限制喝含糖饮料	0.03	0.21	0.03	0.88	1.03(0.69~1.55)	0.19	0.20	0.85	0.36	1.20(0.81~1.79)
父母限制吃高糖零食	-0.34	0.21	2.73	0.10	0.71(0.48~1.07)	-0.52	0.20	6.68	0.01	0.60(0.40~0.88)
父母经常喝含糖饮料	0.23	0.19	1.39	0.24	1.26(0.86~1.83)	0.33	0.19	3.09	0.08	1.39(0.96~2.00)
父母经常吃高糖零食	-0.32	0.21	2.23	0.14	0.73(0.48~1.11)	-0.17	0.21	0.72	0.40	0.84(0.56~1.26)

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