Inspiratory muscle training improves inspiratory muscle strength and exercise performance in obese college students
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摘要:
目的 观察8周吸气肌训练对肥胖大学生肺功能、呼吸肌力量、运动能力、身体成分以及脂质代谢的影响，为肥胖患者优化康复方案提供依据。 方法 于2019年8—10月招募58名肥胖大学生随机分为实验组(28名)和对照组(30名)。实验组进行每周3次强度为50%最大吸气压(PImax)、共8周的吸气肌训练，对照组接受的训练除强度设定为5%PImax外，其他参数与实验组相同。干预前后分别测定肺功能、呼吸肌力量、运动能力、身体成分和血脂等指标。 结果 实验组和对照组训练计划完成率(依从性)分别为98.0%和99.2%。干预过程中无严重不良事件发生。干预后，实验组PImax和6 min步行试验(6MWT)距离较干预前增加(t值分别为-7.44，-4.11，P值均 < 0.05)，6MWT后的自我疲劳感觉(RPE)和心率下降(t值分别为2.13，2.63，P值均 < 0.05)，而肺功能、身体成分和血脂水平的变化无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)；对照组上述各指标的变化均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。 结论 8周吸气肌训练能够有效改善肥胖大学生吸气肌力量和运动能力，但对呼气肌力量、肺功能、身体成分和血脂水平并无影响。 Abstract:Objective To observe the effects of 8-week inspiratory muscle training on lung function, respiratory muscle strength, exercise performance, body composition and lipid metabolism in obese college students, and to provide a reference for optimizing rehabilitation plan for obese patients. Methods A total of 58 obese college students were randomly divided into experimental group(n=28) and control group(n=30). The experimental group received inspiratory muscle training with 50% of maximal inspiratory pressure(PImax), 3 times a week for a total of 8 weeks. Except for the intensity set to 5% PImax, other parameters in the control group were the same as those in the experimental group. Lung function, respiratory muscle strength, exercise performance, body composition and blood lipids were measured before and after intervention. Results The completion rates of the training program (adherence) in the experimental group and the control group were 98.0% and 99.2%, respectively. No serious adverse events occurred during intervention. After intervention, PImax and 6-minute walk test (6MWT) distance increased (t=-7.44, -4.11, P < 0.05), ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and heart rate decreased after 6MWT (t=2.13, 2.63, P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in lung function, body composition and blood lipid level in the experimental group (P>0.05). There was no significant change in the above indexes in the control group (P>0.05). Conclusion Eight-week inspiratory muscle training can effectively improve inspiratory muscle strength and exercise performance in obese college students, whereas it had no effects on expiratory muscle strength, lung function, body composition and blood lipid profiles. -
Key words:
- Obesity /
- Lung /
- Motor activity /
- Randomized controlled trial /
- Health promotion /
- Students
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表 1 表 1干预前后实验组和对照组身体成分、血脂水平及肺功能测试比较(x ±s)
Table 1. Comparison of body composition, blood lipids and lung function in experimental group and control group before and after intervention(x ±s)
干预前后 组别 人数 统计值 体重/kg BMI/
(kg·m-2)PBF/% TC/
(mmol·L-1)TG/
(mmol·L-1)LDL-C
(mmol·L-1)HDL-C/
(mmol·L-1)干预前 实验组 28 89.82±9.04 30.60±2.35 35.63±4.51 5.33±0.95 1.99±0.25 3.68±0.51 0.93±0.22 对照组 30 88.38±9.71 31.07±2.74 33.55±5.39 5.69±0.94 2.01±0.35 3.71±0.59 1.04±0.29 t值 0.56 -0.80 1.48 -1.48 -0.24 -0.22 -1.52 P值 0.58 0.43 0.15 0.15 0.82 0.83 0.13 干预后 实验组 28 87.03±10.55 29.91±5.37 33.33±6.71 5.32±1.03 1.95±0.28 3.41±0.54 1.03±0.21 对照组 30 88.07±8.62 31.32±5.11 34.40±5.08 5.49±0.88 1.97±0.37 3.49±0.85 1.05±0.26 t值 -0.43 -1.02 -0.70 -0.63 -0.23 -0.40 -0.46 P值 0.67 0.31 0.49 0.53 0.82 0.69 0.65 干预前后 组别 人数 统计值 FEV1/L FVC/L FEV1与
FVC比值/%PImax/
cm H20PEmax/
cm H206MWT
距离/mHRmean/
(次·min-1)RPE 干预前 实验组 28 2.70±0.83 3.34±0.91 85.41±8.30 85.91±10.55 93.47±12.21 672.49±75.51 127.31±8.93 13.14±2.31 对照组 30 2.98±0.82 3.64±1.15 88.38±8.12 83.09±7.43 96.02±11.53 665.76±79.39 130.67±7.51 12.68±1.83 t值 -1.30 -1.12 -1.40 1.17 -0.82 0.32 -1.58 0.60 P值 0.20 0.27 0.17 0.25 0.42 0.75 0.12 0.55 干预后 实验组 28 2.93±0.78 3.57±0.90 87.37±7.62 117.79±19.38* 96.38±12.50 750.41±73.92* 119.43±10.92* 12.01±1.55* 对照组 30 3.02±0.90 3.78±0.96 87.40±10.33 84.81±12.27 98.22±10.14 672.88±82.04 127.36±10.10 13.13±2.10 t值 -0.39 -0.85 -0.71 7.77 -0.62 3.77 -2.89 -2.10 P值 0.70 0.40 0.48 < 0.01 0.54 < 0.01 0.01 0.04 注：*表示与干预前比较P < 0.05。1 cm H20=0.098 kPa。 
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