河南省2012—2019年农村营养改善计划地区6~16岁学生营养状况

许凤鸣; 王旭; 王延鑫; 王丽茹; 李凤娟; 孙经

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.06.008

河南省2012—2019年农村营养改善计划地区6~16岁学生营养状况

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.06.008

1.
河南省疾病预防控制中心公共卫生研究所, 郑州 450016
2.
阜外华中心血管病医院营养科

详细信息

作者简介:
许凤鸣(1993-), 女, 河南郑州人, 硕士, 医师, 主要研究方向为学校与儿少卫生

中图分类号: R 151 R 153.2 G 478
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-12-18
- 修回日期: 2021-03-05
- 网络出版日期: 2021-06-22
- 刊出日期: 2021-06-25

Nutritional status of students aged 6-16 years of the National Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students in Henan Province from 2012 to 2019

1.
Institute for Public Health, Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou(450016), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解河南省农村营养改善计划实施地区学生营养状况变化趋势，为制定营养干预措施提供科学依据。方法采用整群抽样法，从河南省营养改善计划试点县区的学校中各抽取20%~30%的小学和初中，对抽取学生进行营养状况监测，并对2012—2019年的监测结果进行分析。结果 2012—2019年(2018年未监测)学生轻度消瘦检出率分别为4.0%，3.3%，3.3%，3.6%，3.1%，2.9%，4.4%，中重度消瘦检出率分别为4.5%，4.5%，4.4%，4.6%，3.9%，3.6%，5.1%，超重检出率分别为9.6%，12.4%，12.3%，12.2%，12.7%，13.4%，11.1%，肥胖检出率分别为3.9%，6.8%，6.7%，6.2%，7.6%，7.2%，5.8%，差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为1 032.29，4 771.39，P值均 < 0.05)；男、女生均在2019年轻度(5.0%，3.7%)和中重度消瘦(5.9%，4.3%)检出率最高，小学生、初中生均在2019年轻度(4.1%，6.0%)和中重度消瘦(5.1%，4.9%)检出率最高，差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为653.22，486.46，919.07，306.27，P值均 < 0.05)；男、女生均在2017年超重检出率最高(14.8%，11.8%)、2016年肥胖检出率最高(8.3%，6.9%)，小学生超重和肥胖检出率分别于2017年、2016年(13.7%，8.4%)最高，中学生超重、肥胖检出率均在2017年最高(11.5%，3.0%)，差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为2 391.65，2 371.74，4 827.75，512.64，P值均 < 0.05)。结论河南省营养改善计划实施前期学生营养不良状况有所改善，但目前营养不良状况有上升趋势，并存在营养不良与超重肥胖并存现象，需采取针对性营养干预措施。
- 营养政策 /
- 营养状況 /
- 消瘦 /
- 超重 /
- 肥胖症 /
- 学生 /
- 农村人口
Abstract: Objective To understand the changes of students' nutritional status in the National Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students (NNIPRCES) of Henan Province, and to provide scientific basis for designating scientific nutritional intervention measures. Methods About 20%-30% of primary schools and middle schools in the pilot counties in Henan Province were selected to monitor the nutritional status of students. Surveillance data from 2012 to 2019 were analyzed. Results From 2012 to 2019(no surveillance data were available in 2018), the detection rates of mild thinness were 4.0%, 3.3%, 3.3%, 3.6%, 3.1%, 2.9%, 4.4%, respectively; the detection rates of moderate and severe thinness were 4.5%, 4.5%, 4.4%, 4.6%, 3.9%, 3.6%, 5.1%, respectively; the detection rates of overweight were 9.6%, 12.4%, 12.3%, 12.2%, 12.7%, 13.4%, 11.1%, respectively; and the detection rates of obesity were 3.9%, 6.8%, 6.7%, 6.2%, 7.6%, 7.2%, 5.8%, respectively. The differences were statistically significant (χ²=1 032.29, 4 771.39, P < 0.05). The detection rates of 2019 mild (5.0%, 3.7%) and moderate to severe thinness (5.9%, 4.3%) were the highest for both male and female students, and the highest for primary school students and junior middle school students were the highest for 2019 mild (4.1%, 6.0%) and moderate to severe thinness (5.1%, 4.9%), with statistical significance (χ²=653.22, 486.46, 919.07, 306.27, P < 0.05). The detection rate of overweight was the highest in both males and females (14.8%, 11.8%) in 2017, and the detection rate of obesity was the highest in 2016 (8.3%, 6.9%). The detection rates of overweight and obesity in primary school students were the highest in 2017 and 2016 (13.7%, 8.4%), and the detection rates in middle school students were the highest in 2017 (11.5%, 3.0%), with statistical significance (χ²=2 391.65, 2 371.74, 4 827.75, 512.64, P < 0.05). Conclusion In the early stage of the implementation of NNIPRCES in Henan Province, malnutrition among students has improved, however, the contem porary malnutrition shows increasing trend, and the co-occurrence of malnutrition and obesity calls for targeted nutritional intervention measures.
- Nutrition policy /
- Nutrition status /
- Emaciation /
- Overweight /
- Obesity /
- Students /
- Rural population

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表 1 河南省2012—2019年营养改善计划地区学生营养状况分布

Table 1. Distribution of nutritional status of students in the National Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students of Henan Province from 2012 to 2019

年份	人数	轻度消瘦	中重度消瘦	正常	超重	肥胖
2012	218 552	8 765(4.0)	9 766(4.5)	170 471(78.0)	20 934(9.6)	8 616(3.9)
2013	364 086	12 010(3.3)	16 211(4.5)	265 858(73.0)	45 284(12.4)	24 723(6.8)
2014	198 479	6 608(3.3)	8 823(4.4)	145 259(73.2)	24 434(12.3)	13 355(6.7)
2015	189 643	6 916(3.6)	8 690(4.6)	139 016(73.3)	23 187(12.2)	11 834(6.2)
2016	89 949	2 769(3.1)	3 516(3.9)	65 363(72.7)	11 443(12.7)	6 858(7.6)
2017	101 750	2 967(2.9)	3 618(3.6)	74 263(73.0)	13 598(13.4)	7 304(7.2)
2019	110 422	4 819(4.4)	5 630(5.1)	81 300(73.6)	12 223(11.1)	6 450(5.8)
注：()内数字为构成比/%。

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表 2 不同组别河南省营养改善计划地区学生2012—2019年消瘦检出率比较/%

Table 2. Comparison of thinness detection rate of students in the National Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students of Henan Province from 2012 to 2019/%

组别	选项	2012年		2013年		2014年		2015年		2016年		2017年		2019年		χ²值	P值
组别	选项	轻度	中重度	轻度	中重度	轻度	中重度	轻度	中重度	轻度	中重度	轻度	中重度	轻度	中重度	χ²值	P值
性别	男	4.3	4.8	3.5	5.0	3.7	4.9	4.0	5.1	3.4	4.3	3.4	4.1	5.0	5.9	653.22	< 0.05
	女	3.7	4.1	3.0	3.9	2.9	3.9	3.2	4.0	2.8	3.5	2.3	3.0	3.7	4.3	486.46	< 0.05
学段	小学	3.9	4.6	3.2	4.6	3.1	4.5	3.4	4.6	2.9	4.0	2.6	3.6	4.1	5.1	919.07	< 0.05
	初中	5.2	3.6	4.0	3.4	4.7	4.1	5.0	4.3	4.4	3.1	4.6	3.2	6.0	4.9	306.27	< 0.05
年龄/岁	6	1.8	4.7	1.7	4.1	1.4	3.9	1.6	4.0	1.0	3.8	1.4	3.7	2.7	5.0	110.36	< 0.05
	7	3.4	5.2	3.0	5.1	2.9	4.4	2.7	4.8	2.8	4.6	2.1	3.7	3.7	6.4	257.18	< 0.05
	8	3.3	4.6	2.9	4.7	2.7	4.8	2.9	4.9	2.7	4.6	2.2	3.3	3.6	5.7	188.83	< 0.05
	9	3.5	4.4	2.9	4.4	2.5	4.2	3.0	4.5	2.8	3.8	2.1	3.3	3.4	5.0	170.57	< 0.05
	10	3.9	4.0	3.2	4.1	3.3	4.0	3.8	4.0	3.1	3.3	3.4	3.5	4.1	4.6	102.73	< 0.05
	11	4.7	4.2	3.9	4.6	4.0	5.0	4.6	4.8	3.3	3.4	3.4	3.9	4.8	4.6	149.16	< 0.05
	12	6.5	4.1	4.7	4.2	5.1	4.9	5.5	4.7	4.3	3.8	4.2	3.0	5.6	3.6	171.54	< 0.05
	13	6.1	4.4	5.1	4.0	5.4	4.6	5.7	4.3	4.7	3.1	5.1	2.5	6.0	3.9	85.40	< 0.05
	14	6.1	4.2	5.1	4.2	5.1	4.6	5.6	4.6	4.9	3.5	5.2	3.4	6.1	4.7	41.40	< 0.05
	15	5.6	4.2	4.9	4.7	5.1	4.7	5.7	6.0	5.9	3.5	4.8	5.7	6.4	6.6	65.98	< 0.05
	16	6.7	4.9	5.7	5.2	5.9	4.2	6.8	7.8	6.8	5.0	7.3	9.5	8.5	8.9	82.47	< 0.05

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表 3 不同组别河南省营养改善计划地区学生2012—2019年超重肥胖检出率比较/%

Table 3. Comparison of overweight and obesity detection rate of students in the National Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students of Henan Province from 2012 to 2019/%

组别	选项	2012年		2013年		2014年		2015年		2016年		2017年		2019年		χ²值	P值
组别	选项	超重	肥胖	超重	肥胖	超重	肥胖	超重	肥胖	超重	肥胖	超重	肥胖	超重	肥胖	χ²值	P值
性别	男	11.1	4.5	14.0	7.5	14.0	7.3	13.8	6.9	14.2	8.3	14.8	7.8	12.5	6.4	2 391.65	< 0.05
	女	7.9	3.4	10.7	6.0	10.5	6.1	10.5	5.5	11.2	6.9	11.8	6.5	9.6	5.3	2 371.74	< 0.05
学段	小学	9.8	4.3	12.7	7.5	12.6	7.6	12.6	7.0	13.1	8.4	13.7	8.0	11.2	6.4	4 827.75	< 0.05
	初中	7.6	1.1	11.0	2.6	10.5	2.0	10.2	2.1	10.1	2.7	11.5	3.0	10.5	2.4	512.64	< 0.05
年龄/岁	6	15.5	8.6	16.9	12.6	17.6	13.6	17.1	11.5	17.5	13.0	19.0	12.2	15.5	9.0	573.16	< 0.05
	7	11.5	5.1	14.7	8.8	15.1	9.2	14.7	7.5	15.5	9.4	15.7	9.0	12.7	7.0	923.84	< 0.05
	8	8.9	4.0	12.3	7.8	11.6	7.7	11.8	6.7	11.9	7.9	13.5	8.2	10.1	7.0	995.11	< 0.05
	9	8.4	3.4	11.7	6.6	10.9	7.0	11.3	6.2	11.4	7.5	12.1	7.4	10.7	6.7	871.05	< 0.05
	10	8.4	3.5	11.4	5.7	11.1	5.5	11.3	6.5	12.4	7.6	11.5	6.9	10.8	6.1	711.11	< 0.05
	11	8.1	2.8	10.7	4.4	11.3	4.4	11.1	5.4	12.3	7.1	12.3	6.3	11.0	5.7	757.34	< 0.05
	12	8.0	2.3	10.3	3.4	10.7	3.3	11.5	4.1	11.1	5.0	12.9	5.1	11.0	4.1	449.56	< 0.05
	13	7.9	1.4	10.2	2.4	10.2	2.3	10.6	2.7	10.6	2.9	12.0	2.9	11.1	3.4	198.30	< 0.05
	14	7.3	1.0	9.2	1.4	10.1	1.9	9.0	1.8	9.2	2.6	10.6	2.6	9.6	2.3	142.70	< 0.05
	15	6.5	0.6	8.1	1.2	8.7	1.4	8.5	1.6	7.8	1.7	9.9	1.8	10.0	1.8	81.44	< 0.05
	16	6.1	0.7	8.3	0.6	8.0	0.7	7.0	0.9	8.6	1.2	7.6	0.6	9.2	1.7	29.50	< 0.05

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