上海市3~12岁儿童睡眠状况

陈仪婷; 吕佳骏; 夏缘青; 殷勇; 童世庐; 赵安达; 李生慧

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.06.004

上海市3~12岁儿童睡眠状况

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.06.004

1.
上海交通大学医学院公共卫生学院, 上海 200025
2.
上海交通大学医学院附属儿童医学中心呼吸科
3.
上海交通大学医学院附属儿童医学中心临床流行病学与生物统计研究室
4.
上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院临床营养科

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 81874266

国家自然科学基金项目 81673183

上海市科学技术委员会科技创新行动计划研究专项 18411951600

详细信息

作者简介:
陈仪婷(1997-), 女, 福建省人, 在读硕士, 主要研究方向为睡眠的免疫调节

通讯作者:
李生慧, E-mail: lsh9907@163.com

中图分类号: R 179 B 844.1
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-02-02
- 修回日期: 2021-03-28
- 网络出版日期: 2021-06-22
- 刊出日期: 2021-06-25

Sleep status of children aged 3-12 years in Shanghai

1.
School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai(200025), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解上海市3~12岁儿童的睡眠特征，为促进儿童睡眠健康提供参考。方法 2019年4—6月在上海市开展多阶段整群抽样，抽取31所幼儿园和17所小学，在纳入研究的16 542名3~12岁儿童中开展睡眠现状横断面调查。睡眠特征采用儿童睡眠习惯问卷(CSHQ)进行评估。结果上海市3~12岁儿童的平时和周末就寝时间分别为(21:27±00:36)和(21:46±00:46)；晨起时间分别为(6:52±00:28)和(7:47±00:48)；睡眠时间分别为(9.05±1.07)和(9.52±1.17)h；睡眠不足发生率分别为81.0%和55.4%。平均睡眠问题得分为(51.56±8.04)，睡眠不良检出率达93.5%。随着年龄增长，睡眠时间逐渐减少，周末和平时睡眠模式的差异不断增大，睡眠持续时间短和日间困倦两大睡眠问题不断突出。与男生相比，女生的平时就寝时间和周末晨起时间更晚，周末和平时的睡眠模式差异更大，睡眠焦虑更加严重。结论上海市儿童总体睡眠时间不足、就寝时间晚、平时和周末睡眠模式差异大、各种睡眠问题多。女生周末和平时睡眠模式差异大和睡眠焦虑表现尤为严重。
- 睡眠 /
- 时间 /
- 睡眠异常 /
- 方差分析 /
- 儿童
Abstract: Objective To investigate the sleep characteristics of children aged 3-12 years old in Shanghai, and to provide a reference for improving pediatric sleep health. Methods From April to June 2019, 16 542 children aged 3-12 years old were randomly selected from 31 kindergartens and 17 primary schods in Shanghai, and a cross-sectional epidemiological survey was conducted using multi-stage cluster sampling. The Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) was used to evaluate sleep characteristics. Results The bedtime routine of children in Shanghai was (21:27±00:36) and (21:46±00:46) on weekdays and weekends, respectively. Corresponding wake-up times were (6:52±00:28) and (7:47±00:48), total sleep duration was (9.05±1.07) and (9.52±1.17)h, and the prevalence of inadequate sleep was 81.0% and 55.4%. The average score of sleep problems was (51.56±8.04), and the prevalence of disturbed sleep was 93.5%. With advancing age, the total sleep time of children in Shanghai decreased, and the difference in weekend-weekday sleep patterns increased. Furthermore, two major sleep problems were observed, namely, short sleep duration and daytime sleepiness, which became increasingly more prominent. Girls usually went to bed later on weekdays and woke up later on weekends, and a greater difference in weekend-weekday sleep patterns was observed. Moreover, psychological problems such as sleep anxiety were more serious among girls. Conclusion At present, children in Shanghai have insufficient sleep time and late bedtimes. Large differences in weekend-weekday sleep patterns were observed, and various sleep problems were identified. Sleep-related anxiety and differences in weekend-weekday sleep patterns were particularly high among girls. Sleep; Time; Dyssomnias; Analysis of variance; Child
- Sleep /
- Time /
- Dyssomnias /
- Analysis of variance /
- Child

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表 1 不同年龄和性别儿童就寝-晨起及睡眠时间比较(x ±s)

Table 1. Difference analysis of bedtime, wake-up and sleep time among children of different ages and genders(x ±s)

年龄与性别	人数	统计值	平时就寝时间	周末就寝时间	周末-平时就寝时间差/min	平时晨起时间	周末晨起时间	周末-平时晨起时间差/min	平时睡眠时间/h	周末睡眠时间/h	周末-平时总睡眠时间差/min
年龄/岁
3~4	1 499		21:27±00:38	21:44±00:40	17.20±27.08	7:12±00:27	7:44±00:44	31.96±36.11	9.62±1.28	9.83±1.28	13.01±62.25
5	2 134		21:31±00:37	21:47±00:43	15.81±33.61	7:10±00:26	7:46±00:47	36.10±39.27	9.38±1.21	9.64±1.24	15.83±69.32
6	1 970		21:30±00:36	21:47±00:44	17.05±34.60	7:07±00:25	7:45±00:46	37.51±39.56	9.25±1.21	9.49±1.25	14.57±70.07
7	2 289		21:20±00:34	21:41±00:43	20.61±35.86	6:50±00:25	7:43±00:46	53.33±43.43	9.08±0.93	9.55±1.07	28.52±66.28
8	2 040		21:17±00:32	21:40±00:49	22.88±44.24	6:44±00:22	7:45±00:46	60.86±44.06	9.00±0.97	9.49±1.08	29.33±72.05
9	2 062		21:26±00:36	21:46±00:44	19.72±41.72	6:43±00:22	7:48±00:47	64.84±44.73	8.84±0.89	9.49±1.16	38.82±69.61
10	1 978		21:31±00:35	21:49±00:47	17.78±43.91	6:39±00:23	7:49±00:49	70.60±48.31	8.71±0.94	9.38±1.06	39.89±71.47
11	1 973		21:32±00:36	21:52±00:50	19.91±45.78	6:39±00:24	7:52±00:53	72.73±50.31	8.73±0.94	9.41±1.16	41.24±72.37
12	597		21:31±00:37	21:51±00:55	20.71±48.89	6:37±00:26	7:53±00:54	76.22±53.30	8.64±0.75	9.40±1.37	45.29±81.24
		F/H值	42.71	14.80	146.01	602.85	8.07	1 911.28	167.01	23.85	635.90
		P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
性别
男	8 668		21:26±00:36	21:45±00:45	19.30±38.00	6:52±00:28	7:43±00:47	50.75±45.50	9.04±1.04	9.47±1.16	25.47±68.23
女	7 874		21:28±00:37	21:46±00:47	18.71±41.22	6:52±00:28	7:51±00:48	59.38±47.27	9.05±1.11	9.59±1.18	32.22±71.74
		t/U值	-2.66	-1.29	0.95	1.52	-10.78	-11.95	-0.46	-6.61	-6.19
		P值	< 0.01	0.20	0.34	0.13	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.65	< 0.01	< 0.01
合计	16 542		21:27±00:36	21:46±00:46	19.02±39.56	6:52±00:28	7:47±00:48	54.86±46.55	9.05±1.07	9.52±1.17	28.69±70.00

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表 2 不同年龄和性别儿童睡眠问题得分比较(x ±s)

Table 2. Difference analysis of sleep problems among children of different ages and genders(x ±s)

年龄与性别	人数	统计值	就寝习惯	入睡潜伏期	睡眠持续时间	睡眠焦虑	夜醒	异态睡眠	睡眠呼吸障碍	白天嗜睡	CSHQ总分
年龄/岁
3~4	1 499		11.48±2.17	1.68±0.72	4.67±1.55	6.75±1.40	3.76±1.27	8.38±2.04	3.27±0.79	14.20±2.77	54.18±7.32
5	2 134		11.33±2.36	1.67±0.72	4.86±1.57	6.63±1.40	3.62±1.18	8.21±1.94	3.30±0.83	14.38±2.81	54.00±7.27
6	1 970		10.85±2.49	1.62±0.71	4.90±1.57	6.52±1.53	3.56±1.17	8.22±2.13	3.33±0.88	14.47±2.88	53.47±7.78
7	2 289		9.85±2.68	1.34±0.59	4.80±1.57	6.09±1.60	3.43±1.06	8.03±1.91	3.30±0.82	14.93±3.00	51.77±7.75
8	2 040		9.17±2.63	1.31±0.61	4.82±1.56	5.87±1.68	3.43±1.10	8.03±2.05	3.29±0.87	14.79±2.90	50.71±7.94
9	2 062		8.94±2.59	1.33±0.62	5.06±1.66	5.69±1.64	3.36±0.99	7.91±1.82	3.28±0.80	14.94±2.98	50.52±7.71
10	1 978		8.56±2.55	1.37±0.65	5.16±1.65	5.48±1.66	3.40±1.09	7.88±1.98	3.27±0.85	14.84±3.04	50.00±8.16
11	1 973		8.22±2.47	1.38±0.66	5.08±1.63	5.32±1.72	3.37±1.08	7.87±2.14	3.30±0.95	14.74±3.06	49.29±8.49
12	597		7.90±2.44	1.37±0.67	4.97±1.60	5.29±1.82	3.39±1.07	7.76±1.98	3.27±0.86	14.53±2.96	48.48±8.29
		F值	469.82	103.77	17.77	206.69	26.53	15.01	1.00	14.65	111.98
		P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.43	< 0.01	< 0.01
性别
男	8 668		9.61±2.78	1.45±0.68	4.92±1.61	5.96±1.69	3.50±1.14	8.09±2.02	3.32±0.86	14.63±2.96	51.48±8.11
女	7 874		9.78±2.77	1.45±0.68	4.93±1.59	6.04±1.65	3.45±1.10	8.00±1.99	3.26±0.83	14.72±2.94	51.64±7.97
		t值	-3.93	0.06	-0.70	-3.06	2.70	3.01	4.45	-1.94	-1.25
		P值	< 0.01	0.96	0.48	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.05	0.21
合计	16 542		9.69±2.78	1.45±0.68	4.92±1.60	6.00±1.67	3.48±1.12	8.05±2.01	3.29±0.85	14.68±2.95	51.56±8.04

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表 3 不同年龄和性别儿童睡眠不足和睡眠不良检出率比较

Table 3. Difference analysis of sleep deficiency and sleep malfunction rates among children of different ages and genders

年龄与性别	人数	统计值	平时睡眠不足	周末睡眠不足	睡眠不良
年龄/岁
3~4	1 499		831(55.4)	659(44.0)	1 481(98.8)
5	2 134		1 396(65.4)	1 082(50.7)	2 097(98.3)
6	1 970		1 399(71.0)	1 116(56.6)	1 917(97.3)
7	2 289		1 889(82.5)	1 199(52.4)	2 159(94.3)
8	2 040		1 797(88.1)	1 188(58.2)	1 876(92.0)
9	2 062		1 861(90.3)	1 163(56.4)	1 901(92.2)
10	1 978		1 842(93.1)	1 194(60.4)	1 795(90.7)
11	1 973		1 824(92.4)	1 195(60.6)	1 729(87.6)
12	597		561(94.0)	372(62.3)	506(84.8)
		χ²值	1 708.17	168.02	421.70
		P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
性别
男	8 668		7 035(81.2)	5 046(58.2)	8 072(93.1)
女	7 874		6 365(80.8)	4 122(52.3)	7 389(93.8)
		χ²值	0.82	57.44	3.47
		P值	0.60	< 0.01	0.06
合计	16 542		13 400(81.0)	9 168(55.4)	15 461(93.5)
注：()内数字为检出率/%。

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