Periodontal health condition among 12-15 years old adolescents in Shenzhen
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摘要:
目的 评估深圳市12~15岁青少年牙周健康状况，探索影响其牙周健康的相关因素，为儿童青少年的牙周健康状况改善提供参考依据。 方法 采用多阶段分层等容抽样方法，随机抽取深圳市12~15岁5 509名中学生进行牙龈出血和牙石的检查，并完成自答问卷。15岁年龄组额外进行牙周袋深度和附着丧失的检查。统计分析采用t检验、χ2检验和Logistic回归分析以描述牙周健康状况并分析相关因素。 结果 12~15岁青少年牙龈出血与牙石的检出率分别为43.95%和44.25%，15岁青少年浅牙周袋的检出率为0.57%，牙周袋≥6 mm与附着丧失≥4 mm均未检出。不同性别、经济水平和刷牙频率组牙石的检出情况差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.05)。不同含氟牙膏使用情况者牙龈出血和牙石的检出差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为9.70，6.16，P值均 < 0.05)。 结论 深圳市12~15岁青少年牙周健康水平普遍优于全国水平，居住在高经济水平区的青少年与女性拥有更好的牙周健康状况。政府可采取推广校园健康教育、提高刷牙频率、提倡使用含氟牙膏等方式改善青少年人群牙周健康状况。 Abstract:Objective This epidemiology survey is intended to assess the periodontal health conditions of 12-to 15-year-old adolescents and the associated factors in Shenzhen. Methods The study utilized a multistage stratified cluster method and recruited 5 509 middle school students aged 12 to 15. Gingival bleeding and calculus were conducted and a self-reported questionnaire was administered. Additional periodontal pocket depth and attachment loss examination were performed in the 15-year-age group. Periodontal conditions and the associated factors were analyzed by t-test, Chi-square method and Logistic regression. Results The prevalence of gingival bleeding and calculus among adolescents was 43.95% and 44.25%, and the prevalence of periodontal pockets ≤3 mm was 0.57%. No periodontal pockets ≥6 mm or attachment loss ≥4 mm were detected. Gender, family income and frequency of teeth brushing were significantly associated with calculus detection (P < 0.05). The use of fluoride had an significant effect on gingival bleeding detection and calculus detection (χ2=9.70, 6.16, P < 0.05). Conclusion The periodontal health condition among 12-15 years old adolescents in Shenzhen is generally better than the national level. Adolescents living in high-economic districts and females had better periodontal health condition. The government can promote health education in schools and popularize the use of fluoride to improve the periodontal health condition among adolescents. -
Key words:
- Oral hygiene /
- Health status /
- Regression analysis /
- Adolescent /
- Tooth
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表 1 不同组别12~15岁青少年牙龈出血及牙石检出率比较
Table 1. Comparison of gingival bleeding and calculus in different groups of adolescents aged 12 to 15 years
组别 选项 统计值 12岁 13岁 14岁 15岁 人数 牙龈出血人数 牙石人数 人数 牙龈出血人数 牙石人数 人数 牙龈出血人数 牙石人数 人数 牙龈出血人数 牙石人数 经济水平 高 889 378(42.52) 341(38.36) 815 353(43.31) 343(42.09) 683 337(49.34) 315(46.12) 541 234(43.25) 254(46.95) 低 782 329(42.07) 329(42.07) 725 319(44.00) 324(44.69) 561 261(46.52) 273(48.66) 513 210(40.94) 259(50.49) χ2值 0.03 2.39 0.07 1.06 0.98 0.80 0.58 1.32 P值 0.85 0.12 0.79 0.30 0.32 0.37 0.45 0.25 性别 男 910 395(43.41) 380(41.76) 814 363(44.59) 363(44.59) 663 319(48.11) 325(49.02) 550 242(44.00) 272(49.45) 女 761 312(41.00) 290(38.11) 726 309(42.56) 304(41.87) 581 279(48.02) 263(45.27) 504 202(40.08) 241(47.82) χ2值 0.98 2.30 0.64 1.16 0.01 1.75 1.66 0.28 P值 0.32 0.13 0.42 0.28 0.97 0.19 0.20 0.60 注： ()内数字为检出率/%。 
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表 2 不同组别12~15岁青少年牙龄出血及牙石检出牙数比较(x±s)
Table 2. Mean teeth number of gingival bleeding and calculus in different groups of adolescents aged 12 to 15 years (x±s)
组别 选项 统计值 12岁 13岁 14岁 15岁 牙龈出血 牙石 牙龈出血 牙石 牙龈出血 牙石 牙龈出血 牙石 经济水平 高 2.10±3.53 1.17±2.21 2.29±3.48 1.58±2.61 2.40±3.47 1.93±2.94 2.28±3.66 2.33±3.75 低 2.29±3.55 1.43±2.80 2.16±3.27 1.73±3.21 2.56±3.63 2.36±3.90 2.14±3.43 2.31±3.70 Z值 0.73 1.87 -0.11 0.72 0.11 1.16 -0.63 0.74 P值 0.47 0.06 0.91 0.47 0.91 0.25 0.53 0.46 性别 男 2.17±3.50 1.41±2.77 2.28±3.44 1.81±3.08 2.55±3.63 2.21±3.43 2.35±3.61 2.24±3.50 女 2.21±3.59 1.14±2.14 2.17±3.33 1.46±2.70 2.39±3.44 2.03±3.39 2.07±3.48 2.41±3.96 Z值 -0.49 -1.68 -0.71 -2.05 -0.48 -1.36 -1.45 -0.22 P值 0.63 0.09 0.48 0.04 0.63 0.17 0.15 0.83
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表 3 不同组别15岁青少年牙周袋检出情况/mm
Table 3. Detection of periodontal pockets in different groups of 15-year-old/mm
组别 选项 人数 0~3 4~5 ≥6 经济水平 高 541 539(99.63) 2(0.37) 0 低 513 509(99.22) 4(0.78) 0 性别 男 550 547(99.45) 3(0.55) 0 女 504 501(99.40) 3(0.60) 0 注： ()内数字为构成比/%。
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表 4 不同组别15岁青少年牙周袋检出牙数(x±s)
Table 4. Number of teeth detected in periodontal pockets of 15-year-old in different groups(x±s)
组别 选项 0~3 mm 4~5 mm ≥6 mm 经济水平 高 27.74±0.86 0.02±0.30 0 低 27.76±0.87 0.04±0.51 0 性别 男 27.81±0.74 0.03±0.45 0 女 27.70±0.98 0.03±0.38 0
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表 5 深圳市12~15岁青少年牙周健康状况单因素分析
Table 5. Factor analysis of periodontal health condition in 12-15 years old population in Shenzhen
组别 选项 人数 牙龈出血 牙石 检出人数 χ2值 P值 检出人数 χ2值 P值 性别 男 2 937 1 319(44.91) 2.37 0.12 1 340(45.62) 4.79 0.03 女 2 572 1 102(42.85) 1 098(42.69) 经济水平 高 2 928 1 302(44.47) 0.67 0.41 1 253(42.79) 5.41 0.02 低 2 581 1 119(43.36) 1 185(45.91) 父亲文化程度 初中及以下 1 328 587(44.20) 1.31 0.52 616(46.39) 4.45 0.11 高中/中专 2 079 911(43.82) 920(44.25) 本科及以上 1 120 471(42.05) 472(42.14) 母亲文化程度 初中及以下 1 662 729(43.86) 0.02 0.99 727(43.74) 1.83 0.40 高中/中专 2 136 934(43.73) 967(45.27) 本科及以上 805 351(43.60) 344(42.73) 每日糖摄入次数/次 0 3 126 1 398(44.72) 3.64 0.16 1 419(45.39) 4.78 0.09 1 1 359 567(41.72) 593(43.64) ≥2 1 024 456(44.53) 426(41.60) 吸烟 每天 22 9(40.91) 0.55 0.91 13(59.09) 2.24 0.52 每周 11 4(36.36) 5(45.45) 很少 124 57(45.97) 52(41.94) 从不 5 334 2 343(43.93) 2 359(44.23) 使用牙线 从不 3 899 1 730(44.37) 1.15 0.76 1 746(44.78) 3.47 0.33 很少 1 332 582(43.69) 567(42.57) 每周 101 41(40.59) 41(40.59) 每天 117 48(41.03) 57(48.72) 每日刷牙频率/次 ≥2 3 136 1 391(44.36) 0.83 0.66 1 352(43.11) 6.44 0.04 1 2 176 940(43.20) 1 010(46.42) 0 114 52(45.61) 46(40.35) 使用含氟牙膏 是 525 232(44.19) 9.70 ＜0.01 209(39.81) 6.16 0.04 否 507 256(50.49) 236(46.55) 不知道 4 412 1 908(43.24) 1 993(45.17) 口腔健康态度 较差 431 204(47.33) 2.18 0.14 184(42.69) 0.46 0.50 较好 5 078 2 217(43.66) 2 254(44.39) 牙科恐惧症 是 1 677 761(45.38) 2.01 0.16 747(44.54) 0.08 0.78 否 3 832 1 660(43.32) 1 691(44.13) 注： ()内数字为检出率/%; 部分数据存在缺失值。
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