户外场地与体育活动设计对幼儿基本动作技能发展影响

覃云飞; 张忠; 宁科

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.05.024

户外场地与体育活动设计对幼儿基本动作技能发展影响

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.05.024

覃云飞¹,
张忠^2, ,,
宁科³

1.
广西体育高等专科学校体育与教育学院，南宁 530012
2.
广西体育高等专科学校教务处
3.
陕西师范大学体育学院

基金项目:

2020年教育部人文社科规划基金项目 20YJA890019

2019年度广西职业教育教学改革研究项目 GXZZJB2019B112

详细信息

作者简介:
覃云飞(1982-)，男，广西来宾人，硕士，副教授，主要研究方向为儿童体育教育与体质健康促进

通讯作者:
张忠，E-mail：634425919@qq.com

中图分类号: G 806 G 804.49
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-08-04
- 修回日期: 2020-12-08
- 网络出版日期: 2021-05-20
- 刊出日期: 2021-05-25

Effect of outdoor playground and sports activities design on development of children's fundamental movement skills

1.
College of Physical Education and Education of Guangxi Institute of Physical Education, Nanning(530012), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解幼儿在预设的户外场地进行一定时间、频次的结构化与自主体育活动对基本动作技能的影响效果，为促进儿童基本动作技能的发展提供参考。方法在南宁市主城区4所公立幼儿园随机抽取141名正常发育幼儿分为实验组(71名)和对照组(70名)。实验组儿童在预设的户外场地连续参加10周(每周3次，每次1 h)体育活动(每次体育活动由30 min自主身体活动和30 min结构化体育活动组成)，对照组无场地预设和专门设计的活动干预。实验前后对每名受试儿童进行9项基本动作技能测试(包括3项精细动作技能和6项粗大动作技能)。结果干预后，实验组儿童6项粗大动作技能测试中双手抛掷实心球、单脚平衡(左)、单脚平衡(右)、荡桥平衡与平衡木行走与干预前差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为7.82，4.25，9.69，-10.01，-28.28，P值均 < 0.05)，脚跟脚尖协调行走改善无统计学意义(t=-0.60，P>0.05)，投放硬币(右手)、投放硬币(左手)、方块堆砌3项精细动作技能测试均无明显改善(t值分别为0.91，1.03，0.42，P值均>0.05)；对照组儿童除荡桥平衡(t=4.27，P < 0.01)与脚跟脚尖协调行走(t=3.96，P < 0.05)外，其余基本动作技能改善均无统计学意义(t值分别为1.21，0.74，0.31，0.97，P值均>0.05)。结论运动环境质量对幼儿基本动作技能有潜在影响作用。在预设的户外场地进行一定时间、频率的结构与自主化体育活动，幼儿的基本动作技可得到显著改善。
- 运动活动 /
- 生长和发育 /
- 运动技能 /
- 随机对照试验 /
- 儿童
Abstract: Objective To demonstrate the effect of structured and autonomous sports activities on children's basic motor skills in a preset outdoor field for a certain time and frequency, and to provide a reference for improving children's development of basic motor skills. Methods Selected 141 typical developing children from 4 public kindergartens in Nanning, and randomly divided them into experimental group(71) and control group(70). The experimental group participated in physical activities for 10 weeks (3 times a week, 1 hour each time) in the preset outdoor field (each physical activity was composed of 30 minutes of autonomous physical activity and 30 minutes of structured physical activity), while the control group had no intervention of site preset and specially designed activities. Before and after the experiment, 9 basic motor skills (including 3 fine motor skills and 6 gross motor skills) were tested. Results There were significant differences in double-hand throwing, single-leg balance (left), single-leg balance (right), swing bridge balance and beam-walking before and after intervention in experimental group(t=7.82, 4.25, 9.69, -10.01, -28.28, P < 0.05), but there was no statistical significance in the improvement of heel-toe coordinated walking(t=-0.60, P>0.05). There was no significant improvement in coin throwing (right hand), coin throwing (left hand) and square stacking(t=0.91, 1.03, 0.42, P>0.05), while in the control group, except for the balance of swinging bridge(t=4.27, P < 0.05) and heel and toe walking(t=3.96, P < 0.05), the improvement of other basic motor skills was not statistically significant(t=1.21, 0.74, 0.31, 0.97, P>0.05). Conclusion The quality of sports environment has a potential impact on the basic motor skills of preschool children. The basic motor skills of the pre-school children can be greatly improved by conducting structural and autonomous physical activities with a certain time and frequency.
- Motor activity /
- Growth and development /
- Motor skills /
- Randomized controlled trial /
- Child

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表 1 幼儿基本动作技能测试指标与测试内容

Table 1. Test indexes and contents of fundamental motor skills

序号	测试指标	测试功能	量化规格
1	方块堆砌	精细动作、全身协调	12个方块/s
2	脚跟脚尖直线行走	动态平衡、双侧协调	4.5 m直线/s
3	单脚平衡(右)	静态平衡、下肢力量与稳定	站立计时/s
4	单脚平衡(左)	静态平衡、下肢力量与稳定	站立计时/s
5	投放硬币(右手)	精细动作能力、手眼协调	12枚硬币/s
6	投放硬币(左手)	精细动作能力、手眼协调	12枚硬币/s
7	平衡木行走	动态平衡能力、对称协调	3 m平衡木/s
8	荡桥平衡	动态平衡、下肢力量与稳定	6个平板行走/s
9	双手抛掷实心球	上肢与躯干力量、全身协调	0.5 kg软球掷远/m

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表 2 实验前后受试儿童基本动作技能(粗大动作)比较(x±s，s)

Table 2. Comparison of changes in fundamental motor skills (gross motor) of children before and after the experiment(x±s, s)

前后测	组别	人数	统计值	双手抛掷实心球	单脚平衡(右)	单脚平衡(左)	平衡木行走	荡桥平衡	脚跟脚尖协调行走
前测	实验组	71		192.00±44.00	13.64±9.88	12.46±6.42	15.81±5.30	35.12±23.57	34.74±13.66
	对照组	70		191.00±45.00	13.34±9.32	14.47±2.80	15.11±6.45	27.22±14.00	34.04±15.23
			t值	1.01	0.76	-0.96	1.23	1.57	0.48
			P值	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05
后测	实验组	71		229.00±50.00	18.37±14.83	20.84±5.81	9.29±3.16	10.47±2.75	33.14±11.38
	对照组	70		192.00±48.00	16.19±13.94	17.15±3.39	12.84±5.96	24.19±13.30	43.70±11.52
			t值	7.81	4.25	9.69	-10.01	-28.28	-0.60
			P值	< 0.05	< 0.05	< 0.05	< 0.05	< 0.05	>0.05

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表 3 实验前后受试儿童基本动作技能(精细动作) 比较(x±s，s)

Table 3. Comparison of fundamental motor skills (fine motor) changes of children before and after the experiment(x±s, s)

前后测	组别	人数	统计值	投放硬币(右手)	投放硬币(左手)	方块堆砌
前测	实验组	71		22.79±4.43	24.65±4.13	27.76±8.52
	对照组	70		21.41±2.79	24.72±4.20	25.66±5.50
			t值	0.60	0.81	0.74
			P值	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05
后测	实验组	71		22.00±5.73	23.86±4.43	28.77±6.09
	对照组	70		22.18±3.39	23.70±4.15	28.33±9.35
			t值	0.91	1.03	0.42
			P值	>0.05	>0.05	>0.05

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